International Trade in Services Survey and Other International Operations
EVALUATION OF TRADE POLICY
Results by period, type of service and type of transaction.
Units: million euros

	EXPORTS	IMPORTS	BALANCE	
TOTAL	
    2022	94,915.9	64,017.4	30,898.4	
    2021	75,072.1	53,889.2	21,182.8	
    2020	66,884.2	48,666.0	18,218.1	
    2019	73,275.2	52,674.0	20,601.2	
    2018	66,757.1	47,227.9	19,529.2	
    2017	64,508.6	44,152.2	20,356.4	
    2016	61,844.7	42,352.1	19,492.7	
    2015	57,389.5	39,423.5	17,966.0	
    2014	52,656.5	35,415.6	17,240.9	
1.Manufacturing services on physical inputs owned by others	
    2022	4,630.6	460.2	4,170.4	
    2021	3,511.0	401.0	3,110.0	
    2020	2,884.0	357.3	2,526.7	
    2019	3,149.8	392.5	2,757.3	
    2018	3,245.2	332.7	2,912.5	
    2017	2,565.5	343.9	2,221.6	
    2016	2,151.1	326.8	1,824.2	
    2015	1,992.0	324.0	1,668.0	
    2014	1,754.4	364.0	1,390.4	
2. Maintenance and repairs	
    2022	2,013.8	917.5	1,096.3	
    2021	1,701.0	642.9	1,058.1	
    2020	1,475.0	680.0	795.0	
    2019	1,699.8	812.9	886.9	
    2018	1,428.5	626.6	801.9	
    2017	1,368.7	596.1	772.6	
    2016	1,483.1	585.7	897.3	
    2015	1,338.8	531.2	807.6	
    2014	1,055.2	476.4	578.8	
3. Transport	
    2022	24,519.0	16,800.8	7,718.2	
    2021	18,397.4	13,037.7	5,359.7	
    2020	17,618.2	10,652.2	6,966.1	
    2019	19,768.7	11,349.0	8,419.6	
    2018	17,925.9	11,203.6	6,722.2	
    2017	17,257.9	11,131.0	6,126.9	
    2016	16,049.1	10,553.0	5,496.1	
    2015	15,480.8	10,320.2	5,160.6	
    2014	14,226.6	9,200.9	5,025.7	
3.1. Passengers	
    2022	5,075.3	488.1	4,587.2	
    2021	2,013.2	335.5	1,677.7	
    2020	2,582.0	224.0	2,358.0	
    2019	4,469.3	744.6	3,724.7	
    2018	3,692.8	1,022.9	2,669.9	
    2017	3,350.7	1,510.1	1,840.6	
    2016	3,014.2	1,646.1	1,368.2	
    2015	3,153.5	1,453.8	1,699.7	
    2014	3,024.8	926.9	2,097.9	
3.2. Freight	
    2022	11,674.2	12,336.7	-662.5	
    2021	9,693.9	9,428.0	265.9	
    2020	8,766.7	8,071.1	695.6	
    2019	8,909.9	7,735.8	1,174.1	
    2018	8,559.4	7,591.3	968.1	
    2017	8,135.4	7,081.6	1,053.8	
    2016	7,777.1	6,632.2	1,144.9	
    2015	7,645.2	6,884.4	760.8	
    2014	7,420.8	6,586.3	834.5	
3.3. Other transport services	
    2022	7,769.5	3,976.1	3,793.4	
    2021	6,690.4	3,274.2	3,416.1	
    2020	6,269.5	2,357.0	3,912.5	
    2019	6,389.4	2,868.6	3,520.8	
    2018	5,673.7	2,589.5	3,084.2	
    2017	5,771.8	2,539.3	3,232.5	
    2016	5,257.8	2,274.7	2,983.1	
    2015	4,682.1	1,981.9	2,700.2	
    2014	3,781.0	1,687.7	2,093.3	
4. Construction	
    2022	899.3	131.6	767.7	
    2021	979.2	115.2	864.0	
    2020	812.6	115.8	696.8	
    2019	1,105.7	105.1	1,000.6	
    2018	1,217.9	97.7	1,120.2	
    2017	1,195.3	94.9	1,100.4	
    2016	1,402.3	108.8	1,293.5	
    2015	1,253.1	119.4	1,133.7	
    2014	1,457.7	135.9	1,321.8	
5. Insurance and pensions	
    2022	6,331.2	5,811.7	519.5	
    2021	5,080.1	5,186.1	-106.0	
    2020	4,537.0	5,647.9	-1,110.9	
    2019	4,807.1	5,399.2	-592.1	
    2018	4,573.1	4,404.6	168.5	
    2017	5,011.6	4,693.8	317.9	
    2016	4,649.9	4,147.3	502.6	
    2015	4,546.7	3,525.9	1,020.8	
    2014	3,834.8	3,259.8	575.0	
5.1. Direct insurance (premiums)	
    2022	745.5	365.6	379.9	
    2021	587.2	323.9	263.3	
    2020	317.8	273.9	43.9	
    2019	238.2	270.2	-31.9	
    2018	340.8	265.5	75.4	
    2017	410.6	230.7	179.9	
    2016	449.3	217.3	232.0	
    2015	430.4	211.7	218.7	
    2014	400.1	245.4	154.7	
5.2. Reinsurance, pensions and standardized guarantees (premiums and contributions to PF)	
    2022	5,084.6	4,779.3	305.2	
    2021	4,084.5	4,243.8	-159.2	
    2020	3,857.3	4,795.5	-938.2	
    2019	4,227.9	4,515.0	-287.1	
    2018	3,906.3	3,616.9	289.4	
    2017	4,223.2	3,799.2	423.9	
    2016	3,913.8	3,338.4	575.4	
    2015	3,848.8	2,812.9	1,035.9	
    2014	3,209.9	2,572.2	637.7	
5.3. Auxiliary insurance services	
    2022	501.2	666.8	-165.6	
    2021	408.3	618.4	-210.1	
    2020	361.8	578.5	-216.7	
    2019	341.0	614.0	-273.0	
    2018	325.9	522.1	-196.2	
    2017	377.9	663.8	-286.0	
    2016	286.8	591.5	-304.7	
    2015	267.4	501.3	-233.9	
    2014	224.8	442.2	-217.4	
6. Financial services	
    2022	2,589.7	1,304.8	1,285.0	
    2021	2,491.1	1,226.0	1,265.1	
    2020	2,126.4	1,231.0	895.4	
    2019	2,053.9	1,117.4	936.5	
    2018	1,940.4	1,017.7	922.7	
    2017	2,109.0	1,106.7	1,002.3	
    2016	2,096.0	1,021.6	1,074.5	
    2015	2,248.4	1,132.1	1,116.3	
    2014	2,077.5	1,077.6	999.9	
7. Charges for the use of intellectual property	
    2022	4,226.6	5,445.8	-1,219.2	
    2021	3,188.4	4,902.5	-1,714.2	
    2020	2,519.9	4,393.4	-1,873.5	
    2019	2,999.9	5,991.4	-2,991.5	
    2018	2,105.7	5,521.6	-3,415.9	
    2017	2,043.2	4,384.2	-2,341.0	
    2016	1,700.4	4,408.4	-2,708.0	
    2015	1,420.0	3,976.1	-2,556.1	
    2014	1,055.6	3,280.8	-2,225.2	
8. Telecommunications, computer and information services	
    2022	15,044.0	9,301.8	5,742.2	
    2021	11,942.1	8,741.1	3,201.0	
    2020	9,938.8	7,551.9	2,386.8	
    2019	13,151.1	7,130.7	6,020.4	
    2018	11,961.4	6,491.6	5,469.8	
    2017	10,893.4	5,905.8	4,987.7	
    2016	10,357.5	5,825.4	4,532.1	
    2015	9,536.3	5,586.5	3,949.8	
    2014	9,239.1	4,878.4	4,360.7	
8.1. Telecommunications	
    2022	1,721.5	2,160.2	-438.6	
    2021	1,588.9	2,433.8	-844.9	
    2020	1,725.2	1,542.9	182.3	
    2019	1,803.4	1,736.4	67.0	
    2018	1,776.5	1,892.1	-115.6	
    2017	1,929.9	2,027.5	-97.6	
    2016	2,027.5	2,068.8	-41.3	
    2015	2,049.3	2,157.7	-108.4	
    2014	1,901.7	2,007.5	-105.8	
8.2. Computer services	
    2022	12,355.1	6,225.1	6,130.0	
    2021	9,520.4	5,472.8	4,047.6	
    2020	7,657.4	5,275.5	2,381.8	
    2019	10,851.8	4,776.7	6,075.1	
    2018	9,774.7	4,089.5	5,685.2	
    2017	8,551.3	3,413.1	5,138.2	
    2016	7,837.2	3,337.0	4,500.3	
    2015	7,065.6	3,021.3	4,044.3	
    2014	6,978.2	2,502.9	4,475.3	
8.3. Information services	
    2022	967.3	916.5	50.8	
    2021	832.9	834.6	-1.7	
    2020	556.2	733.5	-177.3	
    2019	495.8	617.6	-121.7	
    2018	410.1	510.0	-99.8	
    2017	412.2	465.2	-53.0	
    2016	492.8	419.6	73.2	
    2015	421.4	407.4	14.0	
    2014	359.1	367.9	-8.8	
9. Business services	
    2022	32,220.2	22,844.4	9,375.8	
    2021	26,225.0	18,917.9	7,307.1	
    2020	23,875.4	17,288.9	6,586.5	
    2019	23,099.5	19,451.0	3,648.5	
    2018	21,192.3	16,708.7	4,483.6	
    2017	20,963.2	15,071.1	5,892.1	
    2016	20,876.0	14,338.5	6,537.5	
    2015	18,565.7	12,996.5	5,569.2	
    2014	16,783.6	11,882.1	4,901.5	
9.1. Research and development	
    2022	2,056.5	761.7	1,294.8	
    2021	1,869.5	542.2	1,327.3	
    2020	1,725.0	909.0	816.0	
    2019	1,373.5	922.6	451.0	
    2018	1,469.4	908.1	561.3	
    2017	1,414.3	756.0	658.3	
    2016	1,319.3	625.1	694.1	
    2015	1,195.4	612.8	582.6	
    2014	1,290.3	756.4	533.9	
9.1.1. Work undertaken on a systematic basis to increase the stock of knowledge	
    2022	1,067.0	578.9	488.1	
    2021	961.9	380.1	581.7	
    2020	822.8	742.2	80.6	
    2019	886.5	736.8	149.8	
    2018	1,047.2	727.8	319.4	
    2017	927.6	602.8	324.8	
    2016	923.2	447.2	476.0	
    2015	803.7	492.0	311.7	
    2014	1,003.5	664.2	339.3	
9.1.2. Other work related with research and development	
    2022	989.5	182.8	806.7	
    2021	907.6	162.1	745.5	
    2020	902.2	166.8	735.5	
    2019	487.0	185.8	301.2	
    2018	422.2	180.3	242.0	
    2017	486.7	153.2	333.5	
    2016	396.0	178.0	218.1	
    2015	391.7	120.8	270.9	
    2014	286.8	92.2	194.6	
9.2. Professional and management consulting	
    2022	9,505.6	6,559.7	2,945.9	
    2021	7,255.0	5,692.7	1,562.3	
    2020	7,025.8	5,209.3	1,816.5	
    2019	7,707.0	6,077.5	1,629.6	
    2018	7,100.0	5,323.4	1,776.6	
    2017	5,987.4	4,667.4	1,320.0	
    2016	5,264.7	4,433.9	830.9	
    2015	4,996.3	4,330.3	666.0	
    2014	4,368.6	3,790.6	578.0	
9.2.1. Legal, accounting, management consulting, and public relations services	
    2022	6,459.7	3,249.8	3,209.9	
    2021	4,820.4	2,803.4	2,017.0	
    2020	4,609.0	2,459.4	2,149.6	
    2019	4,773.9	2,919.8	1,854.1	
    2018	4,169.2	2,423.0	1,746.2	
    2017	3,323.1	2,197.7	1,125.4	
    2016	2,866.3	2,166.7	699.6	
    2015	2,785.1	2,244.0	541.1	
    2014	2,531.2	2,187.5	343.7	
9.2.2. Advertising, market research, and public opinion polling services	
    2022	3,045.9	3,309.9	-264.1	
    2021	2,434.6	2,889.3	-454.7	
    2020	2,416.8	2,749.9	-333.1	
    2019	2,933.1	3,157.6	-224.5	
    2018	2,930.8	2,900.4	30.4	
    2017	2,664.3	2,469.7	194.6	
    2016	2,398.4	2,267.2	131.3	
    2015	2,211.1	2,086.3	124.8	
    2014	1,837.4	1,603.1	234.3	
9.3. Technical, trade-related and other business services	
    2022	20,658.1	15,523.0	5,135.1	
    2021	17,100.5	12,683.0	4,417.5	
    2020	15,124.6	11,170.7	3,954.0	
    2019	14,018.9	12,451.0	1,568.0	
    2018	12,622.9	10,477.3	2,145.7	
    2017	13,561.5	9,647.7	3,913.8	
    2016	14,292.0	9,279.5	5,012.6	
    2015	12,374.1	8,053.4	4,320.7	
    2014	11,124.7	7,335.0	3,789.7	
9.3.1. Architectural, engineering, scientific, other technical, waste treatment and de-pollution, agricultural and mining	
    2022	5,374.4	1,333.8	4,040.5	
    2021	4,381.5	1,480.9	2,900.6	
    2020	4,013.4	1,420.3	2,593.1	
    2019	3,807.9	1,144.6	2,663.3	
    2018	3,695.4	1,133.3	2,562.1	
    2017	4,338.0	1,104.6	3,233.4	
    2016	6,656.0	1,277.5	5,378.4	
    2015	5,356.2	1,269.1	4,087.1	
    2014	4,748.3	1,329.1	3,419.2	
9.3.2. Operating leasing services	
    2022	1,004.9	1,350.7	-345.8	
    2021	678.8	961.8	-283.0	
    2020	591.1	825.7	-234.6	
    2019	604.4	1,029.3	-424.9	
    2018	528.0	642.9	-114.9	
    2017	574.4	475.3	99.1	
    2016	550.8	448.4	102.5	
    2015	526.3	460.1	66.2	
    2014	388.0	416.0	-28.0	
9.3.3. Trade-related services	
    2022	2,291.0	3,280.4	-989.4	
    2021	2,105.1	2,832.2	-727.1	
    2020	1,561.3	2,585.7	-1,024.3	
    2019	1,362.1	2,670.9	-1,308.8	
    2018	1,095.4	1,995.5	-900.1	
    2017	1,342.4	1,908.2	-565.8	
    2016	1,240.6	1,062.6	178.0	
    2015	1,430.3	1,121.7	308.6	
    2014	1,604.8	1,081.3	523.5	
9.3.4. Other business services	
    2022	11,987.8	9,558.0	2,429.8	
    2021	9,935.0	7,408.2	2,526.9	
    2020	8,958.8	6,339.0	2,619.8	
    2019	8,244.5	7,606.2	638.4	
    2018	7,304.1	6,705.5	598.6	
    2017	7,306.7	6,159.6	1,147.1	
    2016	5,844.6	6,491.0	-646.4	
    2015	5,061.3	5,202.5	-141.2	
    2014	4,383.6	4,508.6	-125.0	
10. Personal, cultural, and recreational	
    2022	2,325.2	579.9	1,745.3	
    2021	1,487.4	415.1	1,072.4	
    2020	1,050.0	448.5	601.6	
    2019	1,313.2	614.7	698.5	
    2018	1,055.8	524.0	531.8	
    2017	1,000.4	520.3	480.1	
    2016	979.0	697.9	281.1	
    2015	897.4	618.0	279.4	
    2014	1,052.7	581.3	471.4	
10.1. Audio-visual and related services	
    2022	1,317.7	200.7	1,117.0	
    2021	852.2	144.9	707.3	
    2020	481.1	202.3	278.8	
    2019	613.6	303.9	309.6	
    2018	575.6	288.1	287.4	
    2017	551.2	314.8	236.5	
    2016	512.8	453.3	59.5	
    2015	472.0	357.1	114.9	
    2014	720.7	423.4	297.3	
10.2. Other personal, cultural and recreational services	
    2022	1,007.5	379.2	628.3	
    2021	635.2	270.1	365.1	
    2020	568.9	246.2	322.8	
    2019	699.6	310.8	388.8	
    2018	480.2	235.9	244.3	
    2017	449.2	205.5	243.6	
    2016	466.2	244.6	221.5	
    2015	425.5	260.9	164.6	
    2014	332.0	157.9	174.1	
11. Government goods and services	
    2022	116.2	418.9	-302.7	
    2021	69.3	303.6	-234.4	
    2020	47.0	299.1	-252.1	
    2019	126.8	310.1	-183.3	
    2018	110.9	299.0	-188.1	
    2017	100.4	304.6	-204.2	
    2016	100.3	338.7	-238.4	
    2015	110.2	293.7	-183.5	
    2014	119.3	278.6	-159.3	
Notes:
Source: National Institute of Statistics