Sector of performance	years	Total
GDPpm	2021(P)	1,222,290
GDPpm	2020	1,119,010
GDPpm	2019	1,245,513
GDPpm	2018	1,203,859
GDPpm	2017	1,162,492
GDPpm	2016	1,114,420
GDPpm	2015	1,078,092
GDPpm	2014	1,032,608
GDPpm	2013	1,020,677
GDPpm	2012 (****)	1,031,104
GDPpm	2012	1,029,279
GDPpm	2011	1,046,327
GDPpm	2010	1,045,620
GDPpm	2009 (***)	1,046,894
GDPpm	2009	1,053,914
GDPpm	2008	1,088,124
GDPpm	2007	1,053,537
GDPpm	2006	984,284
GDPpm	2005	908,792
GDPpm	2004	841,042
GDPpm	2003	782,929
GDPpm	2002	729,206
GDPpm	2001(**)	680,678
GDPpm	2001	680,678
GDPpm	2000 (*)	630,263
GDPpm	2000	610,541
GDPpm	1999	565,419
GDPpm	1998	527,975
GDPpm	1997	494,140
GDPpm	1996	464,251
GDPpm	1995	437,787
GDPpm	1994	64,812
GDPpm	1993	60,953
GDPpm	1992	59,105
GDPpm	1991	54,927
GDPpm	1990	50,145
GDPpm	1989	45,044
GDPpm	1988	40,159
GDPpm	1987	36,144
GDPpm	1986	32,324
GDPpm	1985	28,201
GDPpm	1984	25,520
GDPpm	1983	22,532
GDPpm	1982	19,723
GDPpm	1981	17,045
(R&D expenditure/GDP)*100: Total	2021(P)	1.41
(R&D expenditure/GDP)*100: Total	2020	1.41
(R&D expenditure/GDP)*100: Total	2019	1.25
(R&D expenditure/GDP)*100: Total	2018	1.24
(R&D expenditure/GDP)*100: Total	2017	1.21
(R&D expenditure/GDP)*100: Total	2016	1.19
(R&D expenditure/GDP)*100: Total	2015	1.22
(R&D expenditure/GDP)*100: Total	2014	1.24
(R&D expenditure/GDP)*100: Total	2013	1.27
(R&D expenditure/GDP)*100: Total	2012 (****)	1.30
(R&D expenditure/GDP)*100: Total	2012	1.30
(R&D expenditure/GDP)*100: Total	2011	1.36
(R&D expenditure/GDP)*100: Total	2010	1.40
(R&D expenditure/GDP)*100: Total	2009 (***)	1.39
(R&D expenditure/GDP)*100: Total	2009	1.38
(R&D expenditure/GDP)*100: Total	2008	1.35
(R&D expenditure/GDP)*100: Total	2007	1.27
(R&D expenditure/GDP)*100: Total	2006	1.20
(R&D expenditure/GDP)*100: Total	2005	1.12
(R&D expenditure/GDP)*100: Total	2004	1.06
(R&D expenditure/GDP)*100: Total	2003	1.05
(R&D expenditure/GDP)*100: Total	2002	0.99
(R&D expenditure/GDP)*100: Total	2001(**)	0.95
(R&D expenditure/GDP)*100: Total	2001	0.91
(R&D expenditure/GDP)*100: Total	2000 (*)	0.91
(R&D expenditure/GDP)*100: Total	2000	0.94
(R&D expenditure/GDP)*100: Total	1999	0.88
(R&D expenditure/GDP)*100: Total	1998	0.89
(R&D expenditure/GDP)*100: Total	1997	0.82
(R&D expenditure/GDP)*100: Total	1996	0.83
(R&D expenditure/GDP)*100: Total	1995	0.81
(R&D expenditure/GDP)*100: Total	1994	0.85
(R&D expenditure/GDP)*100: Total	1993	0.91
(R&D expenditure/GDP)*100: Total	1992	0.91
(R&D expenditure/GDP)*100: Total	1991	0.87
(R&D expenditure/GDP)*100: Total	1990	0.85
(R&D expenditure/GDP)*100: Total	1989	0.75
(R&D expenditure/GDP)*100: Total	1988	0.72
(R&D expenditure/GDP)*100: Total	1987	0.64
(R&D expenditure/GDP)*100: Total	1986	0.61
(R&D expenditure/GDP)*100: Total	1985	0.55
(R&D expenditure/GDP)*100: Total	1984	0.50
(R&D expenditure/GDP)*100: Total	1983	0.48
(R&D expenditure/GDP)*100: Total	1982	0.49
(R&D expenditure/GDP)*100: Total	1981	0.43
(R&D expenditure/GDP)*100: Government	2021(P)	0.24
(R&D expenditure/GDP)*100: Government	2020	0.25
(R&D expenditure/GDP)*100: Government	2019	0.21
(R&D expenditure/GDP)*100: Government	2018	0.21
(R&D expenditure/GDP)*100: Government	2017	0.21
(R&D expenditure/GDP)*100: Government	2016	0.22
(R&D expenditure/GDP)*100: Government	2015	0.23
(R&D expenditure/GDP)*100: Government	2014	0.23
(R&D expenditure/GDP)*100: Government	2013	0.24
(R&D expenditure/GDP)*100: Government	2012 (****)	0.25
(R&D expenditure/GDP)*100: Government	2012	0.25
(R&D expenditure/GDP)*100: Government	2011	0.26
(R&D expenditure/GDP)*100: Government	2010	0.28
(R&D expenditure/GDP)*100: Government	2009 (***)	0.28
(R&D expenditure/GDP)*100: Government	2009	0.28
(R&D expenditure/GDP)*100: Government	2008	0.25
(R&D expenditure/GDP)*100: Government	2007	0.22
(R&D expenditure/GDP)*100: Government	2006	0.20
(R&D expenditure/GDP)*100: Government	2005	0.19
(R&D expenditure/GDP)*100: Government	2004	0.17
(R&D expenditure/GDP)*100: Government	2003	0.16
(R&D expenditure/GDP)*100: Government	2002	0.15
(R&D expenditure/GDP)*100: Government	2001(**)	0.15
(R&D expenditure/GDP)*100: Government	2001	0.15
(R&D expenditure/GDP)*100: Government	2000 (*)	0.14
(R&D expenditure/GDP)*100: Government	2000	0.15
(R&D expenditure/GDP)*100: Government	1999	0.15
(R&D expenditure/GDP)*100: Government	1998	0.15
(R&D expenditure/GDP)*100: Government	1997	0.14
(R&D expenditure/GDP)*100: Government	1996	0.15
(R&D expenditure/GDP)*100: Government	1995	0.15
(R&D expenditure/GDP)*100: Government	1994	0.17
(R&D expenditure/GDP)*100: Government	1993	0.18
(R&D expenditure/GDP)*100: Government	1992	0.18
(R&D expenditure/GDP)*100: Government	1991	0.19
(R&D expenditure/GDP)*100: Government	1990	0.18
(R&D expenditure/GDP)*100: Government	1989	0.17
(R&D expenditure/GDP)*100: Government	1988	0.17
(R&D expenditure/GDP)*100: Government	1987	0.16
(R&D expenditure/GDP)*100: Government	1986	0.15
(R&D expenditure/GDP)*100: Government	1985	0.13
(R&D expenditure/GDP)*100: Government	1984	0.13
(R&D expenditure/GDP)*100: Government	1983	0.14
(R&D expenditure/GDP)*100: Government	1982	0.14
(R&D expenditure/GDP)*100: Government	1981	0.14
(R&D expenditure/GDP)*100: Higher education	2021(P)	0.38
(R&D expenditure/GDP)*100: Higher education	2020	0.38
(R&D expenditure/GDP)*100: Higher education	2019	0.33
(R&D expenditure/GDP)*100: Higher education	2018	0.33
(R&D expenditure/GDP)*100: Higher education	2017	0.33
(R&D expenditure/GDP)*100: Higher education	2016	0.33
(R&D expenditure/GDP)*100: Higher education	2015	0.34
(R&D expenditure/GDP)*100: Higher education	2014	0.35
(R&D expenditure/GDP)*100: Higher education	2013	0.36
(R&D expenditure/GDP)*100: Higher education	2012 (****)	0.36
(R&D expenditure/GDP)*100: Higher education	2012	0.36
(R&D expenditure/GDP)*100: Higher education	2011	0.38
(R&D expenditure/GDP)*100: Higher education	2010	0.39
(R&D expenditure/GDP)*100: Higher education	2009 (***)	0.39
(R&D expenditure/GDP)*100: Higher education	2009	0.39
(R&D expenditure/GDP)*100: Higher education	2008	0.36
(R&D expenditure/GDP)*100: Higher education	2007	0.33
(R&D expenditure/GDP)*100: Higher education	2006	0.33
(R&D expenditure/GDP)*100: Higher education	2005	0.33
(R&D expenditure/GDP)*100: Higher education	2004	0.31
(R&D expenditure/GDP)*100: Higher education	2003	0.32
(R&D expenditure/GDP)*100: Higher education	2002	0.29
(R&D expenditure/GDP)*100: Higher education	2001(**)	0.28
(R&D expenditure/GDP)*100: Higher education	2001	0.28
(R&D expenditure/GDP)*100: Higher education	2000 (*)	0.27
(R&D expenditure/GDP)*100: Higher education	2000	0.28
(R&D expenditure/GDP)*100: Higher education	1999	0.27
(R&D expenditure/GDP)*100: Higher education	1998	0.27
(R&D expenditure/GDP)*100: Higher education	1997	0.27
(R&D expenditure/GDP)*100: Higher education	1996	0.27
(R&D expenditure/GDP)*100: Higher education	1995	0.26
(R&D expenditure/GDP)*100: Higher education	1994	0.27
(R&D expenditure/GDP)*100: Higher education	1993	0.28
(R&D expenditure/GDP)*100: Higher education	1992	0.26
(R&D expenditure/GDP)*100: Higher education	1991	0.19
(R&D expenditure/GDP)*100: Higher education	1990	0.17
(R&D expenditure/GDP)*100: Higher education	1989	0.15
(R&D expenditure/GDP)*100: Higher education	1988	0.14
(R&D expenditure/GDP)*100: Higher education	1987	0.12
(R&D expenditure/GDP)*100: Higher education	1986	0.12
(R&D expenditure/GDP)*100: Higher education	1985	0.11
(R&D expenditure/GDP)*100: Higher education	1984	0.11
(R&D expenditure/GDP)*100: Higher education	1983	0.11
(R&D expenditure/GDP)*100: Higher education	1982	0.11
(R&D expenditure/GDP)*100: Higher education	1981	0.10
(R&D expenditure/GDP)*100: Enterprises and PNP	2021(P)	0.81
(R&D expenditure/GDP)*100: Enterprises and PNP	2020	0.79
(R&D expenditure/GDP)*100: Enterprises and PNP	2019	0.71
(R&D expenditure/GDP)*100: Enterprises and PNP	2018	0.70
(R&D expenditure/GDP)*100: Enterprises and PNP	2017	0.67
(R&D expenditure/GDP)*100: Enterprises and PNP	2016	0.64
(R&D expenditure/GDP)*100: Enterprises and PNP	2015	0.64
(R&D expenditure/GDP)*100: Enterprises and PNP	2014	0.66
(R&D expenditure/GDP)*100: Enterprises and PNP	2013	0.68
(R&D expenditure/GDP)*100: Enterprises and PNP	2012 (****)	0.69
(R&D expenditure/GDP)*100: Enterprises and PNP	2012	0.69
(R&D expenditure/GDP)*100: Enterprises and PNP	2011	0.71
(R&D expenditure/GDP)*100: Enterprises and PNP	2010	0.72
(R&D expenditure/GDP)*100: Enterprises and PNP	2009 (***)	0.73
(R&D expenditure/GDP)*100: Enterprises and PNP	2009	0.72
(R&D expenditure/GDP)*100: Enterprises and PNP	2008	0.74
(R&D expenditure/GDP)*100: Enterprises and PNP	2007	0.71
(R&D expenditure/GDP)*100: Enterprises and PNP	2006	0.67
(R&D expenditure/GDP)*100: Enterprises and PNP	2005	0.61
(R&D expenditure/GDP)*100: Enterprises and PNP	2004	0.58
(R&D expenditure/GDP)*100: Enterprises and PNP	2003	0.57
(R&D expenditure/GDP)*100: Enterprises and PNP	2002	0.54
(R&D expenditure/GDP)*100: Enterprises and PNP	2001(**)	0.53
(R&D expenditure/GDP)*100: Enterprises and PNP	2001	0.49
(R&D expenditure/GDP)*100: Enterprises and PNP	2000 (*)	0.50
(R&D expenditure/GDP)*100: Enterprises and PNP	2000	0.51
(R&D expenditure/GDP)*100: Enterprises and PNP	1999	0.47
(R&D expenditure/GDP)*100: Enterprises and PNP	1998	0.48
(R&D expenditure/GDP)*100: Enterprises and PNP	1997	0.41
(R&D expenditure/GDP)*100: Enterprises and PNP	1996	0.41
(R&D expenditure/GDP)*100: Enterprises and PNP	1995	0.40
(R&D expenditure/GDP)*100: Enterprises and PNP	1994	0.41
(R&D expenditure/GDP)*100: Enterprises and PNP	1993	0.45
(R&D expenditure/GDP)*100: Enterprises and PNP	1992	0.47
(R&D expenditure/GDP)*100: Enterprises and PNP	1991	0.49
(R&D expenditure/GDP)*100: Enterprises and PNP	1990	0.50
(R&D expenditure/GDP)*100: Enterprises and PNP	1989	0.43
(R&D expenditure/GDP)*100: Enterprises and PNP	1988	0.41
(R&D expenditure/GDP)*100: Enterprises and PNP	1987	0.36
(R&D expenditure/GDP)*100: Enterprises and PNP	1986	0.34
(R&D expenditure/GDP)*100: Enterprises and PNP	1985	0.31
(R&D expenditure/GDP)*100: Enterprises and PNP	1984	0.26
(R&D expenditure/GDP)*100: Enterprises and PNP	1983	0.23
(R&D expenditure/GDP)*100: Enterprises and PNP	1982	0.24
(R&D expenditure/GDP)*100: Enterprises and PNP	1981	0.19