International Trade in Services Survey and Other International Operations
EVALUATION OF TRADE POLICY
Results by period, type of transaction, type of main service and  mode of provision.
Units: percentage

	Mode 1: Cross-border supply	Mode 2: Consumption in Spain (exports) or abroad (imports)	Mode 3: Commercial presence	Mode 4: Presence of natural persons	
EXPORTS	
    TOTAL	
        2022	85.6	9.4	0.2	4.8	
        2021	86.1	8.8	0.3	4.9	
        2020	86.3	8.5	0.2	5.0	
        2019	85.3	9.0	0.6	5.1	
        2018	86.7	6.9	2.2	4.1	
        2017	85.9	6.8	2.4	5.0	
        2016	85.6	6.8	2.2	5.3	
        2015	85.2	7.2	2.2	5.4	
        2014	86.6	6.3	2.5	4.6	
    1.Manufacturing services on physical inputs owned by others	
        2022	7.0	78.5	0.0	14.5	
        2021	5.7	78.1	0.2	16.0	
        2020	1.2	83.6	0.0	15.3	
        2019	5.1	77.3	0.0	17.6	
        2018	67.8	32.2	0.0	0.0	
        2017	62.1	36.4	0.0	1.5	
        2016	63.8	36.1	0.0	0.1	
        2015	60.5	39.3	0.0	0.2	
        2014	64.9	34.2	0.0	0.8	
    2. Maintenance and repairs	
        2022	4.4	74.6	0.1	20.9	
        2021	3.0	76.2	0.1	20.7	
        2020	2.3	75.5	0.0	22.1	
        2019	1.8	80.0	0.2	18.0	
        2018	25.1	61.4	0.0	13.5	
        2017	23.7	55.3	0.1	20.9	
        2016	20.4	65.1	0.2	14.2	
        2015	18.0	65.2	0.1	16.8	
        2014	19.4	63.4	0.0	17.2	
    3. Transport	
        2022	87.4	12.6	0.0	0.0	
        2021	87.9	12.0	0.0	0.0	
        2020	87.8	12.1	0.0	0.1	
        2019	86.0	13.8	0.0	0.2	
        2018	85.0	14.9	0.0	0.1	
        2017	83.8	15.4	0.0	0.9	
        2016	84.5	15.3	0.0	0.2	
        2015	84.4	15.4	0.0	0.1	
        2014	85.7	14.1	0.0	0.1	
    4. Construction	
        2022	37.2	7.2	8.5	47.1	
        2021	45.1	2.2	9.1	43.5	
        2020	44.3	1.1	4.4	50.2	
        2019	35.0	0.3	10.6	54.0	
        2018	31.4	0.1	28.7	39.7	
        2017	33.6	0.3	34.1	32.1	
        2016	38.2	0.1	22.0	39.7	
        2015	37.5	0.4	19.6	42.4	
        2014	29.4	0.0	43.4	27.2	
    5. Insurance and pensions (premiums and auxiliary services contributions to pension funds)	
        2022	99.8	0.0	0.1	0.2	
        2021	99.4	0.0	0.1	0.5	
        2020	98.2	0.0	0.0	1.8	
        2019	95.7	0.0	4.2	0.1	
        2018	79.0	0.0	21.0	0.0	
        2017	81.4	0.1	18.3	0.1	
        2016	80.7	0.0	19.3	0.1	
        2015	80.3	0.0	18.8	0.8	
        2014	85.2	0.0	14.2	0.5	
    6. Financial	
        2022	99.5	0.0	0.0	0.5	
        2021	99.5	0.0	0.0	0.5	
        2020	99.5	0.0	0.0	0.5	
        2019	99.5	0.0	0.0	0.5	
        2018	98.8	0.0	0.0	1.2	
        2017	99.4	0.0	0.0	0.6	
        2016	99.6	0.0	0.0	0.4	
        2015	99.5	0.1	0.0	0.4	
        2014	99.7	0.0	0.0	0.3	
    7. Charges for the use of Intellectual property	
        2022	99.4	0.0	0.5	0.1	
        2021	99.9	0.0	0.0	0.1	
        2020	99.5	0.0	0.0	0.5	
        2019	99.6	0.0	0.0	0.4	
        2018	99.7	0.0	0.0	0.3	
        2017	99.7	0.0	0.0	0.3	
        2016	99.7	0.0	0.0	0.3	
        2015	99.2	0.0	0.0	0.8	
        2014	99.5	0.0	0.0	0.5	
    8. Telecommunications, computer and information	
        2022	99.0	0.0	0.1	0.8	
        2021	98.7	0.0	0.1	1.2	
        2020	97.4	0.0	0.0	2.6	
        2019	98.1	0.0	0.1	1.8	
        2018	97.1	0.0	0.2	2.7	
        2017	98.4	0.0	0.0	1.6	
        2016	97.5	0.0	0.1	2.4	
        2015	97.6	0.0	0.1	2.4	
        2014	97.9	0.0	0.5	1.6	
    9. Business	
        2022	89.9	1.7	0.3	8.1	
        2021	91.1	0.9	0.3	7.7	
        2020	92.4	0.2	0.2	7.2	
        2019	91.2	0.1	0.3	8.3	
        2018	91.4	0.1	0.5	8.0	
        2017	89.1	0.1	0.8	10.0	
        2016	89.0	0.1	0.6	10.3	
        2015	88.4	0.5	0.6	10.5	
        2014	90.3	0.1	0.4	9.2	
    9.1. Research and development R&D	
        2022	99.2	0.0	0.0	0.8	
        2021	98.9	0.0	0.0	1.1	
        2020	99.6	0.0	0.0	0.4	
        2019	99.4	0.0	0.0	0.6	
        2018	97.9	0.0	0.0	2.1	
        2017	98.3	0.1	0.0	1.7	
        2016	97.8	0.0	0.0	2.2	
        2015	98.8	0.0	0.0	1.2	
        2014	97.5	0.0	0.5	2.0	
    9.2. Professional and management consultancy	
        2022	92.5	3.1	0.0	4.4	
        2021	93.7	2.1	0.2	4.0	
        2020	95.2	0.3	0.2	4.4	
        2019	94.0	0.0	0.1	5.8	
        2018	93.7	0.1	0.0	6.2	
        2017	93.6	0.0	0.0	6.3	
        2016	92.7	0.2	0.1	7.1	
        2015	92.0	1.7	0.2	6.2	
        2014	94.3	0.2	0.1	5.4	
    9.3. Technical, trade-related and other business services	
        2022	87.8	1.2	0.4	10.6	
        2021	89.1	0.6	0.4	10.0	
        2020	90.2	0.1	0.3	9.3	
        2019	88.9	0.2	0.5	10.4	
        2018	89.3	0.1	0.9	9.6	
        2017	86.2	0.1	1.2	12.5	
        2016	86.9	0.1	0.8	12.2	
        2015	85.9	0.1	0.8	13.2	
        2014	87.9	0.1	0.6	11.5	
    10. Personal, cultural and leisure	
        2022	85.5	3.7	0.0	10.7	
        2021	86.4	4.7	1.9	7.0	
        2020	91.6	0.0	4.7	3.7	
        2019	92.3	0.0	3.1	4.6	
        2018	94.0	0.0	3.8	2.2	
        2017	89.0	0.0	3.7	7.3	
        2016	89.4	0.0	3.4	7.2	
        2015	88.1	0.5	3.5	8.0	
        2014	91.4	1.1	2.0	5.4	
    11. Government goods and services	
        2022	91.9	4.4	0.0	3.7	
        2021	89.5	8.5	0.1	2.0	
        2020	86.0	12.8	0.0	1.2	
        2019	90.8	5.1	0.0	4.1	
        2018	93.6	4.9	0.0	1.5	
        2017	93.7	5.3	0.0	1.0	
        2016	91.6	4.4	0.0	4.0	
        2015	91.4	3.2	0.0	5.4	
        2014	88.4	5.9	0.0	5.7	
IMPORTS	
    TOTAL	
        2022	94.0	2.5	0.4	3.2	
        2021	94.8	2.0	0.2	3.0	
        2020	94.1	2.1	0.0	3.8	
        2019	94.5	2.7	0.1	2.7	
        2018	94.8	2.8	0.2	2.2	
        2017	94.8	3.3	0.3	1.6	
        2016	94.9	3.0	0.1	2.0	
        2015	95.4	2.7	0.1	1.8	
        2014	95.6	2.0	0.2	2.2	
    1.Manufacturing services on physical inputs owned by others	
        2022	0.6	98.5	0.0	1.0	
        2021	0.5	86.3	0.0	13.2	
        2020	2.7	89.2	0.0	8.2	
        2019	14.4	76.2	0.0	9.4	
        2018	42.3	57.7	0.0	0.0	
        2017	45.2	54.7	0.0	0.0	
        2016	57.1	42.8	0.0	0.0	
        2015	59.4	39.5	0.0	1.1	
        2014	52.5	47.0	0.0	0.5	
    2. Maintenance and repairs	
        2022	3.2	64.4	0.3	32.1	
        2021	10.7	57.1	0.6	31.6	
        2020	8.4	57.1	0.1	34.5	
        2019	6.3	70.9	0.0	22.8	
        2018	46.2	48.4	0.2	5.2	
        2017	35.7	60.3	0.3	3.7	
        2016	45.6	50.2	0.5	3.7	
        2015	44.0	51.6	0.1	4.3	
        2014	53.4	43.8	0.0	2.8	
    3. Transport	
        2022	96.7	3.1	0.1	0.1	
        2021	97.5	2.4	0.0	0.1	
        2020	96.9	2.8	0.0	0.3	
        2019	96.6	3.2	0.0	0.2	
        2018	97.0	2.9	0.0	0.1	
        2017	96.5	3.4	0.0	0.1	
        2016	96.0	3.7	0.0	0.3	
        2015	97.3	2.7	0.0	0.1	
        2014	98.5	1.4	0.0	0.0	
    4. Construction	
        2022	52.4	2.1	6.4	39.2	
        2021	61.9	0.0	2.6	35.5	
        2020	63.4	1.1	0.1	35.4	
        2019	36.8	0.0	12.4	50.8	
        2018	40.4	0.0	18.9	40.6	
        2017	51.0	0.8	6.3	41.9	
        2016	70.6	0.2	12.1	17.2	
        2015	76.5	0.0	6.4	17.1	
        2014	70.6	0.0	17.0	12.4	
    5. Insurance and pensions (premiums and auxiliary services contributions to pension funds)	
        2022	97.2	0.0	0.0	2.8	
        2021	97.0	0.0	0.0	3.0	
        2020	93.4	0.0	0.0	6.6	
        2019	95.5	2.8	0.0	1.7	
        2018	88.9	10.9	0.1	0.1	
        2017	89.2	10.7	0.0	0.2	
        2016	90.0	9.8	0.0	0.2	
        2015	90.3	8.8	0.0	0.8	
        2014	93.7	5.2	0.9	0.2	
    6. Financial	
        2022	99.9	0.0	0.0	0.1	
        2021	99.8	0.0	0.0	0.1	
        2020	99.9	0.0	0.0	0.1	
        2019	99.8	0.0	0.1	0.1	
        2018	99.1	0.0	0.0	0.9	
        2017	99.6	0.0	0.0	0.4	
        2016	99.2	0.0	0.0	0.8	
        2015	99.2	0.0	0.0	0.8	
        2014	99.5	0.0	0.0	0.5	
    7. Charges for the use of Intellectual property	
        2022	97.3	0.0	1.3	1.4	
        2021	99.0	0.0	0.6	0.4	
        2020	98.6	0.0	0.1	1.3	
        2019	98.5	0.0	0.5	1.0	
        2018	97.6	0.0	0.0	2.3	
        2017	99.5	0.0	0.0	0.5	
        2016	98.5	0.0	0.0	1.5	
        2015	98.8	0.0	0.0	1.2	
        2014	99.2	0.0	0.0	0.8	
    8. Telecommunications, computer and information	
        2022	97.1	0.0	0.2	2.7	
        2021	98.1	0.0	0.1	1.7	
        2020	97.0	0.0	0.1	2.9	
        2019	96.9	0.0	0.0	3.0	
        2018	98.5	0.0	0.0	1.5	
        2017	98.9	0.0	0.0	1.0	
        2016	98.6	0.0	0.0	1.4	
        2015	99.4	0.0	0.0	0.6	
        2014	99.5	0.0	0.0	0.5	
    9. Business	
        2022	96.3	0.0	0.5	3.2	
        2021	96.4	0.2	0.3	3.1	
        2020	97.0	0.0	0.0	2.9	
        2019	97.9	0.1	0.0	2.0	
        2018	97.4	0.2	0.3	2.2	
        2017	97.0	0.2	0.8	2.0	
        2016	97.1	0.3	0.1	2.5	
        2015	97.1	0.5	0.1	2.2	
        2014	95.8	0.1	0.1	4.0	
    9.1. Research and development R&D	
        2022	98.5	0.0	0.1	1.3	
        2021	98.2	0.2	0.0	1.7	
        2020	99.3	0.0	0.0	0.7	
        2019	99.2	0.0	0.0	0.8	
        2018	99.0	0.0	0.1	0.9	
        2017	98.2	0.0	0.0	1.8	
        2016	97.4	0.0	0.0	2.6	
        2015	98.1	0.0	0.0	1.9	
        2014	99.4	0.0	0.0	0.6	
    9.2. Professional and management consultancy	
        2022	97.1	0.0	0.1	2.7	
        2021	97.9	0.1	0.2	1.8	
        2020	98.5	0.0	0.0	1.5	
        2019	98.4	0.3	0.0	1.2	
        2018	98.0	0.1	0.0	1.9	
        2017	98.1	0.1	0.1	1.7	
        2016	97.9	0.1	0.0	1.9	
        2015	98.1	0.1	0.1	1.7	
        2014	97.4	0.3	0.1	2.1	
    9.3. Technical, trade-related and other business services	
        2022	95.9	0.0	0.7	3.4	
        2021	95.6	0.3	0.4	3.8	
        2020	96.1	0.0	0.0	3.8	
        2019	97.5	0.1	0.0	2.4	
        2018	96.9	0.3	0.4	2.5	
        2017	96.4	0.3	1.1	2.3	
        2016	96.7	0.3	0.1	2.8	
        2015	96.5	0.8	0.1	2.5	
        2014	94.5	0.1	0.2	5.2	
    10. Personal, cultural and leisure	
        2022	72.6	0.1	0.0	27.3	
        2021	79.1	0.0	1.5	19.4	
        2020	82.9	0.0	0.0	17.1	
        2019	74.9	0.0	0.0	25.1	
        2018	76.9	0.0	0.0	23.1	
        2017	78.8	0.1	0.0	21.1	
        2016	84.6	0.0	0.0	15.4	
        2015	85.3	0.0	0.0	14.7	
        2014	85.1	0.1	0.0	14.9	
    11. Government goods and services	
        2022	23.2	2.0	0.0	74.7	
        2021	2.2	2.8	0.0	95.0	
        2020	1.7	3.8	0.0	94.4	
        2019	28.9	2.6	0.0	68.6	
        2018	17.1	2.8	0.0	80.1	
        2017	54.7	2.7	0.0	42.6	
        2016	58.6	2.7	0.0	38.8	
        2015	39.3	2.3	0.0	58.4	
        2014	52.2	2.5	0.0	45.3	
Notes:
Source: National Institute of Statistics