International Trade in Services Survey and Other International Operations
COEFFICIENTS OF VARIATION
Variation coefficients by period, type of service and type of  transaction.
Units: percentage

	EXPORTS	IMPORTS	
TOTAL	
    2022	1.92	1.55	
    2021	2.02	1.69	
    2020	2.42	1.64	
    2019	2.06	1.50	
    2018	2.07	1.41	
    2017	1.91	1.39	
    2016	2.21	1.32	
    2015	1.96	1.28	
    2014	2.20	1.30	
1.Manufacturing services on physical inputs owned by others	
    2022	19.03	15.36	
    2021	19.78	11.75	
    2020	21.64	17.95	
    2019	26.17	12.27	
    2018	16.58	12.41	
    2017	19.56	13.55	
    2016	19.99	11.49	
    2015	33.86	5.91	
    2014	33.60	14.90	
2. Maintenance and repairs	
    2022	13.80	6.25	
    2021	14.33	9.49	
    2020	14.09	6.25	
    2019	9.89	6.85	
    2018	11.91	6.41	
    2017	15.09	4.69	
    2016	15.53	4.78	
    2015	18.57	6.28	
    2014	21.50	12.60	
3. Transport	
    2022	3.15	3.93	
    2021	3.69	4.07	
    2020	4.11	4.02	
    2019	3.60	3.91	
    2018	3.67	3.54	
    2017	3.27	3.15	
    2016	3.38	2.75	
    2015	3.92	2.72	
    2014	3.80	2.70	
3.1. Passengers	
    2022	2.45	4.93	
    2021	1.84	18.51	
    2020	4.25	19.95	
    2019	4.18	16.61	
    2018	3.33	8.26	
    2017	2.29	0.86	
    2016	2.20	1.98	
    2015	1.71	3.10	
    2014	2.30	2.60	
3.2. Freight	
    2022	5.01	3.74	
    2021	4.88	4.33	
    2020	5.46	4.77	
    2019	6.19	4.20	
    2018	6.60	4.09	
    2017	5.48	3.94	
    2016	5.93	3.62	
    2015	7.07	3.43	
    2014	6.60	3.60	
3.3. Other transport services	
    2022	5.95	11.48	
    2021	6.55	9.35	
    2020	8.36	7.29	
    2019	5.74	6.47	
    2018	4.94	6.19	
    2017	5.38	7.25	
    2016	5.49	6.46	
    2015	6.09	7.28	
    2014	5.30	3.30	
4. Construction	
    2022	11.28	10.30	
    2021	8.80	13.62	
    2020	9.13	8.22	
    2019	14.12	9.42	
    2018	10.71	6.07	
    2017	7.37	5.20	
    2016	6.60	6.88	
    2015	7.29	3.72	
    2014	15.20	5.30	
5. Insurance and pensions	
    2022	3.87	2.65	
    2021	5.44	2.73	
    2020	4.21	5.45	
    2019	3.73	4.73	
    2018	2.88	5.67	
    2017	4.29	4.93	
    2016	3.69	6.33	
    2015	4.85	4.38	
    2014	4.50	4.90	
5.1. Direct insurance (premiums)	
    2022	7.56	17.16	
    2021	7.18	13.73	
    2020	11.34	18.38	
    2019	13.25	25.21	
    2018	3.81	9.27	
    2017	5.32	6.57	
    2016	9.04	10.67	
    2015	10.79	17.07	
    2014	11.60	16.50	
5.2. Reinsurance, pensions and standardized guarantees (premiums and contributions to PF)	
    2022	4.54	2.95	
    2021	6.72	2.65	
    2020	4.24	6.32	
    2019	4.14	5.51	
    2018	3.34	6.64	
    2017	5.07	6.14	
    2016	3.28	7.78	
    2015	4.62	6.78	
    2014	2.50	5.90	
5.3. Auxiliary insurance services	
    2022	8.44	0.90	
    2021	5.60	1.00	
    2020	6.59	0.55	
    2019	10.72	0.75	
    2018	5.35	1.02	
    2017	3.99	0.44	
    2016	2.58	0.42	
    2015	13.55	0.32	
    2014	2.60	0.40	
6. Financial services	
    2022	2.27	5.43	
    2021	2.00	5.74	
    2020	1.69	6.65	
    2019	2.35	6.20	
    2018	1.53	7.23	
    2017	1.18	12.46	
    2016	1.79	8.07	
    2015	1.53	8.07	
    2014	2.90	7.20	
7. Charges for the use of intellectual property	
    2022	8.47	2.34	
    2021	6.44	2.10	
    2020	7.90	3.54	
    2019	5.59	3.42	
    2018	10.19	4.09	
    2017	9.56	2.94	
    2016	6.89	2.41	
    2015	6.51	2.86	
    2014	7.00	3.40	
8. Telecommunications, computer and information services	
    2022	3.87	3.74	
    2021	4.64	5.21	
    2020	7.19	4.58	
    2019	3.40	3.14	
    2018	2.61	2.22	
    2017	2.02	2.50	
    2016	2.13	2.25	
    2015	1.63	1.63	
    2014	1.50	1.50	
8.1. Telecommunications	
    2022	1.07	3.80	
    2021	1.08	13.34	
    2020	3.60	2.08	
    2019	2.35	1.73	
    2018	2.22	1.48	
    2017	2.59	2.52	
    2016	1.37	1.06	
    2015	1.38	0.91	
    2014	1.40	1.50	
8.2. Computer services	
    2022	4.51	5.01	
    2021	5.49	5.27	
    2020	9.22	6.28	
    2019	4.06	4.50	
    2018	3.06	3.26	
    2017	2.43	3.33	
    2016	1.87	3.70	
    2015	1.29	2.73	
    2014	1.20	2.30	
8.3. Information services	
    2022	11.63	8.56	
    2021	14.85	12.10	
    2020	10.40	7.65	
    2019	8.86	6.06	
    2018	6.68	4.90	
    2017	6.71	17.25	
    2016	19.03	8.42	
    2015	28.90	5.78	
    2014	29.50	5.60	
9. Business services	
    2022	2.70	2.41	
    2021	2.63	2.27	
    2020	3.63	2.25	
    2019	3.61	2.11	
    2018	3.27	2.17	
    2017	2.91	2.35	
    2016	4.43	2.31	
    2015	2.77	2.64	
    2014	2.70	2.50	
9.1. Research and development	
    2022	5.01	11.38	
    2021	4.77	5.87	
    2020	5.08	3.65	
    2019	5.00	3.94	
    2018	5.81	5.70	
    2017	7.01	6.09	
    2016	6.22	5.76	
    2015	6.06	5.37	
    2014	5.00	3.20	
9.1.1. Work undertaken on a systematic basis to increase the stock of knowledge	
    2022	7.21	13.83	
    2021	8.16	3.98	
    2020	8.14	3.74	
    2019	5.76	3.51	
    2018	5.93	4.13	
    2017	6.22	5.82	
    2016	8.04	3.85	
    2015	5.79	3.21	
    2014	5.70	2.20	
9.1.2. Other work related with research and development	
    2022	5.36	17.91	
    2021	4.24	16.71	
    2020	7.80	12.11	
    2019	10.81	15.30	
    2018	13.56	23.60	
    2017	17.42	19.93	
    2016	7.06	17.27	
    2015	15.24	23.79	
    2014	12.80	9.50	
9.2. Professional and management consulting	
    2022	5.08	3.10	
    2021	4.59	3.34	
    2020	6.25	3.33	
    2019	5.63	3.73	
    2018	8.16	4.22	
    2017	6.10	3.70	
    2016	5.47	3.32	
    2015	4.04	5.05	
    2014	4.50	5.70	
9.2.1. Legal, accounting, management consulting, and public relations services	
    2022	6.83	4.35	
    2021	6.44	4.35	
    2020	9.15	3.84	
    2019	8.68	4.91	
    2018	13.36	4.82	
    2017	10.14	4.26	
    2016	8.13	3.64	
    2015	4.60	8.59	
    2014	5.50	9.20	
9.2.2. Advertising, market research, and public opinion polling services	
    2022	5.85	4.22	
    2021	5.70	4.70	
    2020	5.75	4.71	
    2019	4.40	5.24	
    2018	4.99	5.99	
    2017	5.31	5.80	
    2016	4.82	5.42	
    2015	6.78	4.17	
    2014	7.60	5.00	
9.3. Technical, trade-related and other business services	
    2022	3.38	3.14	
    2021	3.38	3.02	
    2020	4.79	3.01	
    2019	4.96	2.58	
    2018	2.89	2.44	
    2017	3.45	2.96	
    2016	6.04	3.16	
    2015	3.73	3.20	
    2014	3.60	2.80	
9.3.1. Architectural, engineering, scientific, other technical, waste treatment and de-pollution, agricultural and mining	
    2022	6.99	7.31	
    2021	6.02	7.49	
    2020	7.15	7.77	
    2019	5.00	5.70	
    2018	4.51	5.23	
    2017	5.68	5.56	
    2016	4.67	8.14	
    2015	5.69	5.66	
    2014	5.70	5.60	
9.3.2. Operating leasing services	
    2022	8.02	4.14	
    2021	8.25	5.47	
    2020	10.04	8.23	
    2019	8.79	10.79	
    2018	8.54	7.82	
    2017	10.48	10.75	
    2016	7.55	9.60	
    2015	9.96	11.64	
    2014	8.80	12.90	
9.3.3. Trade-related services	
    2022	14.70	7.25	
    2021	12.00	6.39	
    2020	12.93	6.63	
    2019	12.15	6.14	
    2018	13.63	6.02	
    2017	11.83	6.58	
    2016	14.24	5.23	
    2015	11.08	5.82	
    2014	10.50	10.80	
9.3.4. Other business services	
    2022	3.74	3.78	
    2021	4.06	3.67	
    2020	6.97	3.80	
    2019	7.71	3.20	
    2018	3.73	3.01	
    2017	4.35	3.74	
    2016	9.96	2.79	
    2015	4.12	4.35	
    2014	3.50	2.60	
10. Personal, cultural, and recreational	
    2022	8.23	6.79	
    2021	6.63	7.41	
    2020	7.90	9.37	
    2019	11.01	7.77	
    2018	9.00	6.78	
    2017	10.59	5.41	
    2016	7.69	8.13	
    2015	9.54	6.50	
    2014	30.70	3.90	
10.1. Audio-visual and related services	
    2022	13.05	8.12	
    2021	8.88	10.74	
    2020	11.53	13.38	
    2019	17.52	11.58	
    2018	14.38	10.53	
    2017	14.27	4.95	
    2016	12.01	10.63	
    2015	12.86	2.97	
    2014	44.70	4.20	
10.2. Other personal, cultural and recreational services	
    2022	6.56	9.14	
    2021	9.48	9.01	
    2020	11.26	12.60	
    2019	10.98	9.23	
    2018	10.10	7.05	
    2017	11.45	8.17	
    2016	9.21	10.42	
    2015	14.24	14.86	
    2014	13.50	8.60	
11. Government goods and services	
    2022	0.49	10.34	
    2021	0.82	0.03	
    2020	1.52	0.20	
    2019	0.66	0.99	
    2018	0.49	0.31	
    2017	0.03	0.27	
    2016	0.82	0.24	
    2015	1.05	0.23	
    2014	0.00	0.20	
Notes:
Source: National Institute of Statistics