Level of studies completed by the main breadwinner Variation coefficient Total Total variation coefficient 1.08 without studies and illiterates variation coefficient 4.89 primary education variation coefficient 2.43 secondary education, first cycle variation coefficient 3.29 secondary education, second cycle variation coefficient 3.53 higher non-university studies variation coefficient 5.97 university studies, first cycle variation coefficient 5.86 university studies, 2nd and 3rd cycle variation coefficient 5.88