GDP and components Type of effects period Total Gross Domestic Product at market prices by Demand DIRECT EFFECTS: Millions of euros 2015 118,724.9 Gross Domestic Product at market prices by Demand DIRECT EFFECTS: Millions of euros 2014 113,020.2 Gross Domestic Product at market prices by Demand DIRECT EFFECTS: Millions of euros 2013 109,820.5 Gross Domestic Product at market prices by Demand DIRECT EFFECTS: Millions of euros 2012 111,215.3 Gross Domestic Product at market prices by Demand DIRECT EFFECTS: Millions of euros 2011 111,905.9 Gross Domestic Product at market prices by Demand DIRECT EFFECTS: Millions of euros 2010 110,583.8 Gross Domestic Product at market prices by Demand DIRECT EFFECTS: Percentage 2015 11.0 Gross Domestic Product at market prices by Demand DIRECT EFFECTS: Percentage 2014 10.9 Gross Domestic Product at market prices by Demand DIRECT EFFECTS: Percentage 2013 10.7 Gross Domestic Product at market prices by Demand DIRECT EFFECTS: Percentage 2012 10.7 Gross Domestic Product at market prices by Demand DIRECT EFFECTS: Percentage 2011 10.5 Gross Domestic Product at market prices by Demand DIRECT EFFECTS: Percentage 2010 10.2 Gross Domestic Product at market prices by Demand TOTAL EFFECTS: Millions of euros 2015 118,724.9 Gross Domestic Product at market prices by Demand TOTAL EFFECTS: Millions of euros 2014 113,020.2 Gross Domestic Product at market prices by Demand TOTAL EFFECTS: Millions of euros 2013 109,820.5 Gross Domestic Product at market prices by Demand TOTAL EFFECTS: Millions of euros 2012 111,215.3 Gross Domestic Product at market prices by Demand TOTAL EFFECTS: Millions of euros 2011 111,905.9 Gross Domestic Product at market prices by Demand TOTAL EFFECTS: Millions of euros 2010 110,583.8 Gross Domestic Product at market prices by Demand TOTAL EFFECTS: Percentage 2015 11.0 Gross Domestic Product at market prices by Demand TOTAL EFFECTS: Percentage 2014 10.9 Gross Domestic Product at market prices by Demand TOTAL EFFECTS: Percentage 2013 10.7 Gross Domestic Product at market prices by Demand TOTAL EFFECTS: Percentage 2012 10.7 Gross Domestic Product at market prices by Demand TOTAL EFFECTS: Percentage 2011 10.5 Gross Domestic Product at market prices by Demand TOTAL EFFECTS: Percentage 2010 10.2 Final resident household consumption expenditure in the economic territory DIRECT EFFECTS: Millions of euros 2015 50,341.6 Final resident household consumption expenditure in the economic territory DIRECT EFFECTS: Millions of euros 2014 47,835.8 Final resident household consumption expenditure in the economic territory DIRECT EFFECTS: Millions of euros 2013 46,800.1 Final resident household consumption expenditure in the economic territory DIRECT EFFECTS: Millions of euros 2012 47,735.5 Final resident household consumption expenditure in the economic territory DIRECT EFFECTS: Millions of euros 2011 48,070.1 Final resident household consumption expenditure in the economic territory DIRECT EFFECTS: Millions of euros 2010 48,073.9 Final resident household consumption expenditure in the economic territory DIRECT EFFECTS: Percentage 2015 8.2 Final resident household consumption expenditure in the economic territory DIRECT EFFECTS: Percentage 2014 8.0 Final resident household consumption expenditure in the economic territory DIRECT EFFECTS: Percentage 2013 8.0 Final resident household consumption expenditure in the economic territory DIRECT EFFECTS: Percentage 2012 7.9 Final resident household consumption expenditure in the economic territory DIRECT EFFECTS: Percentage 2011 7.9 Final resident household consumption expenditure in the economic territory DIRECT EFFECTS: Percentage 2010 7.9 Final resident household consumption expenditure in the economic territory TOTAL EFFECTS: Millions of euros 2015 50,341.6 Final resident household consumption expenditure in the economic territory TOTAL EFFECTS: Millions of euros 2014 47,835.8 Final resident household consumption expenditure in the economic territory TOTAL EFFECTS: Millions of euros 2013 46,800.1 Final resident household consumption expenditure in the economic territory TOTAL EFFECTS: Millions of euros 2012 47,735.5 Final resident household consumption expenditure in the economic territory TOTAL EFFECTS: Millions of euros 2011 48,070.1 Final resident household consumption expenditure in the economic territory TOTAL EFFECTS: Millions of euros 2010 48,073.9 Final resident household consumption expenditure in the economic territory TOTAL EFFECTS: Percentage 2015 8.2 Final resident household consumption expenditure in the economic territory TOTAL EFFECTS: Percentage 2014 8.0 Final resident household consumption expenditure in the economic territory TOTAL EFFECTS: Percentage 2013 8.0 Final resident household consumption expenditure in the economic territory TOTAL EFFECTS: Percentage 2012 7.9 Final resident household consumption expenditure in the economic territory TOTAL EFFECTS: Percentage 2011 7.9 Final resident household consumption expenditure in the economic territory TOTAL EFFECTS: Percentage 2010 7.9 Final consumption expense of Public Administrations and Non-profit Institutions serving households DIRECT EFFECTS: Millions of euros 2015 1,977.3 Final consumption expense of Public Administrations and Non-profit Institutions serving households DIRECT EFFECTS: Millions of euros 2014 1,982.0 Final consumption expense of Public Administrations and Non-profit Institutions serving households DIRECT EFFECTS: Millions of euros 2013 1,919.9 Final consumption expense of Public Administrations and Non-profit Institutions serving households DIRECT EFFECTS: Millions of euros 2012 2,057.2 Final consumption expense of Public Administrations and Non-profit Institutions serving households DIRECT EFFECTS: Millions of euros 2011 2,321.1 Final consumption expense of Public Administrations and Non-profit Institutions serving households DIRECT EFFECTS: Millions of euros 2010 2,550.9 Final consumption expense of Public Administrations and Non-profit Institutions serving households DIRECT EFFECTS: Percentage 2015 0.9 Final consumption expense of Public Administrations and Non-profit Institutions serving households DIRECT EFFECTS: Percentage 2014 1.0 Final consumption expense of Public Administrations and Non-profit Institutions serving households DIRECT EFFECTS: Percentage 2013 1.0 Final consumption expense of Public Administrations and Non-profit Institutions serving households DIRECT EFFECTS: Percentage 2012 1.0 Final consumption expense of Public Administrations and Non-profit Institutions serving households DIRECT EFFECTS: Percentage 2011 1.1 Final consumption expense of Public Administrations and Non-profit Institutions serving households DIRECT EFFECTS: Percentage 2010 1.2 Final consumption expense of Public Administrations and Non-profit Institutions serving households TOTAL EFFECTS: Millions of euros 2015 1,977.3 Final consumption expense of Public Administrations and Non-profit Institutions serving households TOTAL EFFECTS: Millions of euros 2014 1,982.0 Final consumption expense of Public Administrations and Non-profit Institutions serving households TOTAL EFFECTS: Millions of euros 2013 1,919.9 Final consumption expense of Public Administrations and Non-profit Institutions serving households TOTAL EFFECTS: Millions of euros 2012 2,057.2 Final consumption expense of Public Administrations and Non-profit Institutions serving households TOTAL EFFECTS: Millions of euros 2011 2,321.1 Final consumption expense of Public Administrations and Non-profit Institutions serving households TOTAL EFFECTS: Millions of euros 2010 2,550.9 Final consumption expense of Public Administrations and Non-profit Institutions serving households TOTAL EFFECTS: Percentage 2015 0.9 Final consumption expense of Public Administrations and Non-profit Institutions serving households TOTAL EFFECTS: Percentage 2014 1.0 Final consumption expense of Public Administrations and Non-profit Institutions serving households TOTAL EFFECTS: Percentage 2013 1.0 Final consumption expense of Public Administrations and Non-profit Institutions serving households TOTAL EFFECTS: Percentage 2012 1.0 Final consumption expense of Public Administrations and Non-profit Institutions serving households TOTAL EFFECTS: Percentage 2011 1.1 Final consumption expense of Public Administrations and Non-profit Institutions serving households TOTAL EFFECTS: Percentage 2010 1.2 Gross capital formation DIRECT EFFECTS: Millions of euros 2015 13,766.9 Gross capital formation DIRECT EFFECTS: Millions of euros 2014 12,918.7 Gross capital formation DIRECT EFFECTS: Millions of euros 2013 11,973.7 Gross capital formation DIRECT EFFECTS: Millions of euros 2012 13,628.3 Gross capital formation DIRECT EFFECTS: Millions of euros 2011 14,494.3 Gross capital formation DIRECT EFFECTS: Millions of euros 2010 16,387.6 Gross capital formation DIRECT EFFECTS: Percentage 2015 6.2 Gross capital formation DIRECT EFFECTS: Percentage 2014 6.4 Gross capital formation DIRECT EFFECTS: Percentage 2013 6.2 Gross capital formation DIRECT EFFECTS: Percentage 2012 6.6 Gross capital formation DIRECT EFFECTS: Percentage 2011 6.2 Gross capital formation DIRECT EFFECTS: Percentage 2010 6.4 Gross capital formation TOTAL EFFECTS: Millions of euros 2015 13,766.9 Gross capital formation TOTAL EFFECTS: Millions of euros 2014 12,918.7 Gross capital formation TOTAL EFFECTS: Millions of euros 2013 11,973.7 Gross capital formation TOTAL EFFECTS: Millions of euros 2012 13,628.3 Gross capital formation TOTAL EFFECTS: Millions of euros 2011 14,494.3 Gross capital formation TOTAL EFFECTS: Millions of euros 2010 16,387.6 Gross capital formation TOTAL EFFECTS: Percentage 2015 6.2 Gross capital formation TOTAL EFFECTS: Percentage 2014 6.4 Gross capital formation TOTAL EFFECTS: Percentage 2013 6.2 Gross capital formation TOTAL EFFECTS: Percentage 2012 6.6 Gross capital formation TOTAL EFFECTS: Percentage 2011 6.2 Gross capital formation TOTAL EFFECTS: Percentage 2010 6.4 Exports of goods and services DIRECT EFFECTS: Millions of euros 2015 59,213.2 Exports of goods and services DIRECT EFFECTS: Millions of euros 2014 56,200.3 Exports of goods and services DIRECT EFFECTS: Millions of euros 2013 54,543.9 Exports of goods and services DIRECT EFFECTS: Millions of euros 2012 53,146.9 Exports of goods and services DIRECT EFFECTS: Millions of euros 2011 52,551.0 Exports of goods and services DIRECT EFFECTS: Millions of euros 2010 49,016.1 Exports of goods and services DIRECT EFFECTS: Percentage 2015 16.6 Exports of goods and services DIRECT EFFECTS: Percentage 2014 16.6 Exports of goods and services DIRECT EFFECTS: Percentage 2013 16.5 Exports of goods and services DIRECT EFFECTS: Percentage 2012 16.6 Exports of goods and services DIRECT EFFECTS: Percentage 2011 17.0 Exports of goods and services DIRECT EFFECTS: Percentage 2010 17.8 Exports of goods and services TOTAL EFFECTS: Millions of euros 2015 59,213.2 Exports of goods and services TOTAL EFFECTS: Millions of euros 2014 56,200.3 Exports of goods and services TOTAL EFFECTS: Millions of euros 2013 54,543.9 Exports of goods and services TOTAL EFFECTS: Millions of euros 2012 53,146.9 Exports of goods and services TOTAL EFFECTS: Millions of euros 2011 52,551.0 Exports of goods and services TOTAL EFFECTS: Millions of euros 2010 49,016.1 Exports of goods and services TOTAL EFFECTS: Percentage 2015 16.6 Exports of goods and services TOTAL EFFECTS: Percentage 2014 16.6 Exports of goods and services TOTAL EFFECTS: Percentage 2013 16.5 Exports of goods and services TOTAL EFFECTS: Percentage 2012 16.6 Exports of goods and services TOTAL EFFECTS: Percentage 2011 17.0 Exports of goods and services TOTAL EFFECTS: Percentage 2010 17.8 Imports of goods and services DIRECT EFFECTS: Millions of euros 2015 6,574.1 Imports of goods and services DIRECT EFFECTS: Millions of euros 2014 5,916.5 Imports of goods and services DIRECT EFFECTS: Millions of euros 2013 5,417.0 Imports of goods and services DIRECT EFFECTS: Millions of euros 2012 5,352.6 Imports of goods and services DIRECT EFFECTS: Millions of euros 2011 5,530.7 Imports of goods and services DIRECT EFFECTS: Millions of euros 2010 5,444.8 Imports of goods and services DIRECT EFFECTS: Percentage 2015 2.0 Imports of goods and services DIRECT EFFECTS: Percentage 2014 1.9 Imports of goods and services DIRECT EFFECTS: Percentage 2013 1.8 Imports of goods and services DIRECT EFFECTS: Percentage 2012 1.8 Imports of goods and services DIRECT EFFECTS: Percentage 2011 1.8 Imports of goods and services DIRECT EFFECTS: Percentage 2010 1.9 Imports of goods and services TOTAL EFFECTS: Millions of euros 2015 6,574.1 Imports of goods and services TOTAL EFFECTS: Millions of euros 2014 5,916.5 Imports of goods and services TOTAL EFFECTS: Millions of euros 2013 5,417.0 Imports of goods and services TOTAL EFFECTS: Millions of euros 2012 5,352.6 Imports of goods and services TOTAL EFFECTS: Millions of euros 2011 5,530.7 Imports of goods and services TOTAL EFFECTS: Millions of euros 2010 5,444.8 Imports of goods and services TOTAL EFFECTS: Percentage 2015 2.0 Imports of goods and services TOTAL EFFECTS: Percentage 2014 1.9 Imports of goods and services TOTAL EFFECTS: Percentage 2013 1.8 Imports of goods and services TOTAL EFFECTS: Percentage 2012 1.8 Imports of goods and services TOTAL EFFECTS: Percentage 2011 1.8 Imports of goods and services TOTAL EFFECTS: Percentage 2010 1.9 Gross Domestic Product at market prices by supply DIRECT EFFECTS: Millions of euros 2015 118,724.9 Gross Domestic Product at market prices by supply DIRECT EFFECTS: Millions of euros 2014 113,020.2 Gross Domestic Product at market prices by supply DIRECT EFFECTS: Millions of euros 2013 109,820.5 Gross Domestic Product at market prices by supply DIRECT EFFECTS: Millions of euros 2012 111,215.3 Gross Domestic Product at market prices by supply DIRECT EFFECTS: Millions of euros 2011 111,905.9 Gross Domestic Product at market prices by supply DIRECT EFFECTS: Millions of euros 2010 110,583.8 Gross Domestic Product at market prices by supply DIRECT EFFECTS: Percentage 2015 11.0 Gross Domestic Product at market prices by supply DIRECT EFFECTS: Percentage 2014 10.9 Gross Domestic Product at market prices by supply DIRECT EFFECTS: Percentage 2013 10.7 Gross Domestic Product at market prices by supply DIRECT EFFECTS: Percentage 2012 10.7 Gross Domestic Product at market prices by supply DIRECT EFFECTS: Percentage 2011 10.5 Gross Domestic Product at market prices by supply DIRECT EFFECTS: Percentage 2010 10.2 Gross Domestic Product at market prices by supply TOTAL EFFECTS: Millions of euros 2015 118,724.9 Gross Domestic Product at market prices by supply TOTAL EFFECTS: Millions of euros 2014 113,020.2 Gross Domestic Product at market prices by supply TOTAL EFFECTS: Millions of euros 2013 109,820.5 Gross Domestic Product at market prices by supply TOTAL EFFECTS: Millions of euros 2012 111,215.3 Gross Domestic Product at market prices by supply TOTAL EFFECTS: Millions of euros 2011 111,905.9 Gross Domestic Product at market prices by supply TOTAL EFFECTS: Millions of euros 2010 110,583.8 Gross Domestic Product at market prices by supply TOTAL EFFECTS: Percentage 2015 11.0 Gross Domestic Product at market prices by supply TOTAL EFFECTS: Percentage 2014 10.9 Gross Domestic Product at market prices by supply TOTAL EFFECTS: Percentage 2013 10.7 Gross Domestic Product at market prices by supply TOTAL EFFECTS: Percentage 2012 10.7 Gross Domestic Product at market prices by supply TOTAL EFFECTS: Percentage 2011 10.5 Gross Domestic Product at market prices by supply TOTAL EFFECTS: Percentage 2010 10.2 Gross added value at base prices DIRECT EFFECTS: Millions of euros 2015 69,283.6 Gross added value at base prices DIRECT EFFECTS: Millions of euros 2014 66,501.6 Gross added value at base prices DIRECT EFFECTS: Millions of euros 2013 65,227.7 Gross added value at base prices DIRECT EFFECTS: Millions of euros 2012 64,721.2 Gross added value at base prices DIRECT EFFECTS: Millions of euros 2011 64,756.1 Gross added value at base prices DIRECT EFFECTS: Millions of euros 2010 62,140.3 Gross added value at base prices DIRECT EFFECTS: Percentage 2015 7.1 Gross added value at base prices DIRECT EFFECTS: Percentage 2014 7.0 Gross added value at base prices DIRECT EFFECTS: Percentage 2013 7.0 Gross added value at base prices DIRECT EFFECTS: Percentage 2012 6.8 Gross added value at base prices DIRECT EFFECTS: Percentage 2011 6.6 Gross added value at base prices DIRECT EFFECTS: Percentage 2010 6.3 Gross added value at base prices TOTAL EFFECTS: Millions of euros 2015 112,329.4 Gross added value at base prices TOTAL EFFECTS: Millions of euros 2014 107,213.9 Gross added value at base prices TOTAL EFFECTS: Millions of euros 2013 104,339.7 Gross added value at base prices TOTAL EFFECTS: Millions of euros 2012 105,930.6 Gross added value at base prices TOTAL EFFECTS: Millions of euros 2011 106,651.9 Gross added value at base prices TOTAL EFFECTS: Millions of euros 2010 105,246.6 Gross added value at base prices TOTAL EFFECTS: Percentage 2015 11.5 Gross added value at base prices TOTAL EFFECTS: Percentage 2014 11.4 Gross added value at base prices TOTAL EFFECTS: Percentage 2013 11.2 Gross added value at base prices TOTAL EFFECTS: Percentage 2012 11.1 Gross added value at base prices TOTAL EFFECTS: Percentage 2011 10.8 Gross added value at base prices TOTAL EFFECTS: Percentage 2010 10.6 Taxes (net) on products DIRECT EFFECTS: Millions of euros 2015 4,519.2 Taxes (net) on products DIRECT EFFECTS: Millions of euros 2014 4,014.4 Taxes (net) on products DIRECT EFFECTS: Millions of euros 2013 3,738.6 Taxes (net) on products DIRECT EFFECTS: Millions of euros 2012 3,513.3 Taxes (net) on products DIRECT EFFECTS: Millions of euros 2011 3,467.6 Taxes (net) on products DIRECT EFFECTS: Millions of euros 2010 3,566.8 Taxes (net) on products DIRECT EFFECTS: Percentage 2015 4.5 Taxes (net) on products DIRECT EFFECTS: Percentage 2014 4.3 Taxes (net) on products DIRECT EFFECTS: Percentage 2013 4.2 Taxes (net) on products DIRECT EFFECTS: Percentage 2012 4.1 Taxes (net) on products DIRECT EFFECTS: Percentage 2011 4.0 Taxes (net) on products DIRECT EFFECTS: Percentage 2010 3.9 Taxes (net) on products TOTAL EFFECTS: Millions of euros 2015 6,395.4 Taxes (net) on products TOTAL EFFECTS: Millions of euros 2014 5,806.3 Taxes (net) on products TOTAL EFFECTS: Millions of euros 2013 5,480.8 Taxes (net) on products TOTAL EFFECTS: Millions of euros 2012 5,284.7 Taxes (net) on products TOTAL EFFECTS: Millions of euros 2011 5,254.0 Taxes (net) on products TOTAL EFFECTS: Millions of euros 2010 5,337.2 Taxes (net) on products TOTAL EFFECTS: Percentage 2015 6.4 Taxes (net) on products TOTAL EFFECTS: Percentage 2014 6.2 Taxes (net) on products TOTAL EFFECTS: Percentage 2013 6.1 Taxes (net) on products TOTAL EFFECTS: Percentage 2012 6.2 Taxes (net) on products TOTAL EFFECTS: Percentage 2011 6.1 Taxes (net) on products TOTAL EFFECTS: Percentage 2010 5.9 PRODUCTION DIRECT EFFECTS: Millions of euros 2015 131,781.7 PRODUCTION DIRECT EFFECTS: Millions of euros 2014 123,897.2 PRODUCTION DIRECT EFFECTS: Millions of euros 2013 120,282.8 PRODUCTION DIRECT EFFECTS: Millions of euros 2012 120,813.0 PRODUCTION DIRECT EFFECTS: Millions of euros 2011 121,626.2 PRODUCTION DIRECT EFFECTS: Millions of euros 2010 120,230.4 PRODUCTION DIRECT EFFECTS: Percentage 2015 6.2 PRODUCTION DIRECT EFFECTS: Percentage 2014 6.0 PRODUCTION DIRECT EFFECTS: Percentage 2013 6.0 PRODUCTION DIRECT EFFECTS: Percentage 2012 5.9 PRODUCTION DIRECT EFFECTS: Percentage 2011 5.8 PRODUCTION DIRECT EFFECTS: Percentage 2010 5.7 PRODUCTION TOTAL EFFECTS: Millions of euros 2015 199,010.6 PRODUCTION TOTAL EFFECTS: Millions of euros 2014 189,405.6 PRODUCTION TOTAL EFFECTS: Millions of euros 2013 183,846.4 PRODUCTION TOTAL EFFECTS: Millions of euros 2012 187,563.9 PRODUCTION TOTAL EFFECTS: Millions of euros 2011 189,256.5 PRODUCTION TOTAL EFFECTS: Millions of euros 2010 187,731.4 PRODUCTION TOTAL EFFECTS: Percentage 2015 9.9 PRODUCTION TOTAL EFFECTS: Percentage 2014 9.7 PRODUCTION TOTAL EFFECTS: Percentage 2013 9.6 PRODUCTION TOTAL EFFECTS: Percentage 2012 9.6 PRODUCTION TOTAL EFFECTS: Percentage 2011 9.3 PRODUCTION TOTAL EFFECTS: Percentage 2010 9.2 EMPLOYMENT (Jobs) DIRECT EFFECTS: Millions of euros 2015 1,045.0 EMPLOYMENT (Jobs) DIRECT EFFECTS: Millions of euros 2014 988.2 EMPLOYMENT (Jobs) DIRECT EFFECTS: Millions of euros 2013 954.4 EMPLOYMENT (Jobs) DIRECT EFFECTS: Millions of euros 2012 949.9 EMPLOYMENT (Jobs) DIRECT EFFECTS: Millions of euros 2011 999.7 EMPLOYMENT (Jobs) DIRECT EFFECTS: Millions of euros 2010 970.4 EMPLOYMENT (Jobs) DIRECT EFFECTS: Percentage 2015 5.4 EMPLOYMENT (Jobs) DIRECT EFFECTS: Percentage 2014 5.3 EMPLOYMENT (Jobs) DIRECT EFFECTS: Percentage 2013 5.2 EMPLOYMENT (Jobs) DIRECT EFFECTS: Percentage 2012 5.0 EMPLOYMENT (Jobs) DIRECT EFFECTS: Percentage 2011 5.0 EMPLOYMENT (Jobs) DIRECT EFFECTS: Percentage 2010 4.8 EMPLOYMENT (Jobs) TOTAL EFFECTS: Millions of euros 2015 1,746.8 EMPLOYMENT (Jobs) TOTAL EFFECTS: Millions of euros 2014 1,671.7 EMPLOYMENT (Jobs) TOTAL EFFECTS: Millions of euros 2013 1,624.6 EMPLOYMENT (Jobs) TOTAL EFFECTS: Millions of euros 2012 1,653.6 EMPLOYMENT (Jobs) TOTAL EFFECTS: Millions of euros 2011 1,694.4 EMPLOYMENT (Jobs) TOTAL EFFECTS: Millions of euros 2010 1,700.1 EMPLOYMENT (Jobs) TOTAL EFFECTS: Percentage 2015 9.1 EMPLOYMENT (Jobs) TOTAL EFFECTS: Percentage 2014 8.9 EMPLOYMENT (Jobs) TOTAL EFFECTS: Percentage 2013 8.8 EMPLOYMENT (Jobs) TOTAL EFFECTS: Percentage 2012 8.7 EMPLOYMENT (Jobs) TOTAL EFFECTS: Percentage 2011 8.6 EMPLOYMENT (Jobs) TOTAL EFFECTS: Percentage 2010 8.4