International Trade in Services Survey and Other International Operations EVALUATION OF TRADE POLICY Results by period, type of transaction, type of main service and mode of provision. Units: percentage ,Mode 1: Cross-border supply,Mode 2: Consumption in Spain (exports) or abroad (imports),Mode 3: Commercial presence,Mode 4: Presence of natural persons, EXPORTS, TOTAL, 2022,85.6,9.4,0.2,4.8, 2021,86.1,8.8,0.3,4.9, 2020,86.3,8.5,0.2,5.0, 2019,85.3,9.0,0.6,5.1, 2018,86.7,6.9,2.2,4.1, 2017,85.9,6.8,2.4,5.0, 2016,85.6,6.8,2.2,5.3, 2015,85.2,7.2,2.2,5.4, 2014,86.6,6.3,2.5,4.6, 1.Manufacturing services on physical inputs owned by others, 2022,7.0,78.5,0.0,14.5, 2021,5.7,78.1,0.2,16.0, 2020,1.2,83.6,0.0,15.3, 2019,5.1,77.3,0.0,17.6, 2018,67.8,32.2,0.0,0.0, 2017,62.1,36.4,0.0,1.5, 2016,63.8,36.1,0.0,0.1, 2015,60.5,39.3,0.0,0.2, 2014,64.9,34.2,0.0,0.8, 2. Maintenance and repairs, 2022,4.4,74.6,0.1,20.9, 2021,3.0,76.2,0.1,20.7, 2020,2.3,75.5,0.0,22.1, 2019,1.8,80.0,0.2,18.0, 2018,25.1,61.4,0.0,13.5, 2017,23.7,55.3,0.1,20.9, 2016,20.4,65.1,0.2,14.2, 2015,18.0,65.2,0.1,16.8, 2014,19.4,63.4,0.0,17.2, 3. Transport, 2022,87.4,12.6,0.0,0.0, 2021,87.9,12.0,0.0,0.0, 2020,87.8,12.1,0.0,0.1, 2019,86.0,13.8,0.0,0.2, 2018,85.0,14.9,0.0,0.1, 2017,83.8,15.4,0.0,0.9, 2016,84.5,15.3,0.0,0.2, 2015,84.4,15.4,0.0,0.1, 2014,85.7,14.1,0.0,0.1, 4. Construction, 2022,37.2,7.2,8.5,47.1, 2021,45.1,2.2,9.1,43.5, 2020,44.3,1.1,4.4,50.2, 2019,35.0,0.3,10.6,54.0, 2018,31.4,0.1,28.7,39.7, 2017,33.6,0.3,34.1,32.1, 2016,38.2,0.1,22.0,39.7, 2015,37.5,0.4,19.6,42.4, 2014,29.4,0.0,43.4,27.2, 5. Insurance and pensions (premiums and auxiliary services contributions to pension funds), 2022,99.8,0.0,0.1,0.2, 2021,99.4,0.0,0.1,0.5, 2020,98.2,0.0,0.0,1.8, 2019,95.7,0.0,4.2,0.1, 2018,79.0,0.0,21.0,0.0, 2017,81.4,0.1,18.3,0.1, 2016,80.7,0.0,19.3,0.1, 2015,80.3,0.0,18.8,0.8, 2014,85.2,0.0,14.2,0.5, 6. Financial, 2022,99.5,0.0,0.0,0.5, 2021,99.5,0.0,0.0,0.5, 2020,99.5,0.0,0.0,0.5, 2019,99.5,0.0,0.0,0.5, 2018,98.8,0.0,0.0,1.2, 2017,99.4,0.0,0.0,0.6, 2016,99.6,0.0,0.0,0.4, 2015,99.5,0.1,0.0,0.4, 2014,99.7,0.0,0.0,0.3, 7. Charges for the use of Intellectual property, 2022,99.4,0.0,0.5,0.1, 2021,99.9,0.0,0.0,0.1, 2020,99.5,0.0,0.0,0.5, 2019,99.6,0.0,0.0,0.4, 2018,99.7,0.0,0.0,0.3, 2017,99.7,0.0,0.0,0.3, 2016,99.7,0.0,0.0,0.3, 2015,99.2,0.0,0.0,0.8, 2014,99.5,0.0,0.0,0.5, 8. Telecommunications, computer and information, 2022,99.0,0.0,0.1,0.8, 2021,98.7,0.0,0.1,1.2, 2020,97.4,0.0,0.0,2.6, 2019,98.1,0.0,0.1,1.8, 2018,97.1,0.0,0.2,2.7, 2017,98.4,0.0,0.0,1.6, 2016,97.5,0.0,0.1,2.4, 2015,97.6,0.0,0.1,2.4, 2014,97.9,0.0,0.5,1.6, 9. Business, 2022,89.9,1.7,0.3,8.1, 2021,91.1,0.9,0.3,7.7, 2020,92.4,0.2,0.2,7.2, 2019,91.2,0.1,0.3,8.3, 2018,91.4,0.1,0.5,8.0, 2017,89.1,0.1,0.8,10.0, 2016,89.0,0.1,0.6,10.3, 2015,88.4,0.5,0.6,10.5, 2014,90.3,0.1,0.4,9.2, 9.1. Research and development R&D, 2022,99.2,0.0,0.0,0.8, 2021,98.9,0.0,0.0,1.1, 2020,99.6,0.0,0.0,0.4, 2019,99.4,0.0,0.0,0.6, 2018,97.9,0.0,0.0,2.1, 2017,98.3,0.1,0.0,1.7, 2016,97.8,0.0,0.0,2.2, 2015,98.8,0.0,0.0,1.2, 2014,97.5,0.0,0.5,2.0, 9.2. Professional and management consultancy, 2022,92.5,3.1,0.0,4.4, 2021,93.7,2.1,0.2,4.0, 2020,95.2,0.3,0.2,4.4, 2019,94.0,0.0,0.1,5.8, 2018,93.7,0.1,0.0,6.2, 2017,93.6,0.0,0.0,6.3, 2016,92.7,0.2,0.1,7.1, 2015,92.0,1.7,0.2,6.2, 2014,94.3,0.2,0.1,5.4, 9.3. Technical, trade-related and other business services, 2022,87.8,1.2,0.4,10.6, 2021,89.1,0.6,0.4,10.0, 2020,90.2,0.1,0.3,9.3, 2019,88.9,0.2,0.5,10.4, 2018,89.3,0.1,0.9,9.6, 2017,86.2,0.1,1.2,12.5, 2016,86.9,0.1,0.8,12.2, 2015,85.9,0.1,0.8,13.2, 2014,87.9,0.1,0.6,11.5, 10. Personal, cultural and leisure, 2022,85.5,3.7,0.0,10.7, 2021,86.4,4.7,1.9,7.0, 2020,91.6,0.0,4.7,3.7, 2019,92.3,0.0,3.1,4.6, 2018,94.0,0.0,3.8,2.2, 2017,89.0,0.0,3.7,7.3, 2016,89.4,0.0,3.4,7.2, 2015,88.1,0.5,3.5,8.0, 2014,91.4,1.1,2.0,5.4, 11. Government goods and services, 2022,91.9,4.4,0.0,3.7, 2021,89.5,8.5,0.1,2.0, 2020,86.0,12.8,0.0,1.2, 2019,90.8,5.1,0.0,4.1, 2018,93.6,4.9,0.0,1.5, 2017,93.7,5.3,0.0,1.0, 2016,91.6,4.4,0.0,4.0, 2015,91.4,3.2,0.0,5.4, 2014,88.4,5.9,0.0,5.7, IMPORTS, TOTAL, 2022,94.0,2.5,0.4,3.2, 2021,94.8,2.0,0.2,3.0, 2020,94.1,2.1,0.0,3.8, 2019,94.5,2.7,0.1,2.7, 2018,94.8,2.8,0.2,2.2, 2017,94.8,3.3,0.3,1.6, 2016,94.9,3.0,0.1,2.0, 2015,95.4,2.7,0.1,1.8, 2014,95.6,2.0,0.2,2.2, 1.Manufacturing services on physical inputs owned by others, 2022,0.6,98.5,0.0,1.0, 2021,0.5,86.3,0.0,13.2, 2020,2.7,89.2,0.0,8.2, 2019,14.4,76.2,0.0,9.4, 2018,42.3,57.7,0.0,0.0, 2017,45.2,54.7,0.0,0.0, 2016,57.1,42.8,0.0,0.0, 2015,59.4,39.5,0.0,1.1, 2014,52.5,47.0,0.0,0.5, 2. Maintenance and repairs, 2022,3.2,64.4,0.3,32.1, 2021,10.7,57.1,0.6,31.6, 2020,8.4,57.1,0.1,34.5, 2019,6.3,70.9,0.0,22.8, 2018,46.2,48.4,0.2,5.2, 2017,35.7,60.3,0.3,3.7, 2016,45.6,50.2,0.5,3.7, 2015,44.0,51.6,0.1,4.3, 2014,53.4,43.8,0.0,2.8, 3. Transport, 2022,96.7,3.1,0.1,0.1, 2021,97.5,2.4,0.0,0.1, 2020,96.9,2.8,0.0,0.3, 2019,96.6,3.2,0.0,0.2, 2018,97.0,2.9,0.0,0.1, 2017,96.5,3.4,0.0,0.1, 2016,96.0,3.7,0.0,0.3, 2015,97.3,2.7,0.0,0.1, 2014,98.5,1.4,0.0,0.0, 4. Construction, 2022,52.4,2.1,6.4,39.2, 2021,61.9,0.0,2.6,35.5, 2020,63.4,1.1,0.1,35.4, 2019,36.8,0.0,12.4,50.8, 2018,40.4,0.0,18.9,40.6, 2017,51.0,0.8,6.3,41.9, 2016,70.6,0.2,12.1,17.2, 2015,76.5,0.0,6.4,17.1, 2014,70.6,0.0,17.0,12.4, 5. Insurance and pensions (premiums and auxiliary services contributions to pension funds), 2022,97.2,0.0,0.0,2.8, 2021,97.0,0.0,0.0,3.0, 2020,93.4,0.0,0.0,6.6, 2019,95.5,2.8,0.0,1.7, 2018,88.9,10.9,0.1,0.1, 2017,89.2,10.7,0.0,0.2, 2016,90.0,9.8,0.0,0.2, 2015,90.3,8.8,0.0,0.8, 2014,93.7,5.2,0.9,0.2, 6. Financial, 2022,99.9,0.0,0.0,0.1, 2021,99.8,0.0,0.0,0.1, 2020,99.9,0.0,0.0,0.1, 2019,99.8,0.0,0.1,0.1, 2018,99.1,0.0,0.0,0.9, 2017,99.6,0.0,0.0,0.4, 2016,99.2,0.0,0.0,0.8, 2015,99.2,0.0,0.0,0.8, 2014,99.5,0.0,0.0,0.5, 7. Charges for the use of Intellectual property, 2022,97.3,0.0,1.3,1.4, 2021,99.0,0.0,0.6,0.4, 2020,98.6,0.0,0.1,1.3, 2019,98.5,0.0,0.5,1.0, 2018,97.6,0.0,0.0,2.3, 2017,99.5,0.0,0.0,0.5, 2016,98.5,0.0,0.0,1.5, 2015,98.8,0.0,0.0,1.2, 2014,99.2,0.0,0.0,0.8, 8. Telecommunications, computer and information, 2022,97.1,0.0,0.2,2.7, 2021,98.1,0.0,0.1,1.7, 2020,97.0,0.0,0.1,2.9, 2019,96.9,0.0,0.0,3.0, 2018,98.5,0.0,0.0,1.5, 2017,98.9,0.0,0.0,1.0, 2016,98.6,0.0,0.0,1.4, 2015,99.4,0.0,0.0,0.6, 2014,99.5,0.0,0.0,0.5, 9. Business, 2022,96.3,0.0,0.5,3.2, 2021,96.4,0.2,0.3,3.1, 2020,97.0,0.0,0.0,2.9, 2019,97.9,0.1,0.0,2.0, 2018,97.4,0.2,0.3,2.2, 2017,97.0,0.2,0.8,2.0, 2016,97.1,0.3,0.1,2.5, 2015,97.1,0.5,0.1,2.2, 2014,95.8,0.1,0.1,4.0, 9.1. Research and development R&D, 2022,98.5,0.0,0.1,1.3, 2021,98.2,0.2,0.0,1.7, 2020,99.3,0.0,0.0,0.7, 2019,99.2,0.0,0.0,0.8, 2018,99.0,0.0,0.1,0.9, 2017,98.2,0.0,0.0,1.8, 2016,97.4,0.0,0.0,2.6, 2015,98.1,0.0,0.0,1.9, 2014,99.4,0.0,0.0,0.6, 9.2. Professional and management consultancy, 2022,97.1,0.0,0.1,2.7, 2021,97.9,0.1,0.2,1.8, 2020,98.5,0.0,0.0,1.5, 2019,98.4,0.3,0.0,1.2, 2018,98.0,0.1,0.0,1.9, 2017,98.1,0.1,0.1,1.7, 2016,97.9,0.1,0.0,1.9, 2015,98.1,0.1,0.1,1.7, 2014,97.4,0.3,0.1,2.1, 9.3. Technical, trade-related and other business services, 2022,95.9,0.0,0.7,3.4, 2021,95.6,0.3,0.4,3.8, 2020,96.1,0.0,0.0,3.8, 2019,97.5,0.1,0.0,2.4, 2018,96.9,0.3,0.4,2.5, 2017,96.4,0.3,1.1,2.3, 2016,96.7,0.3,0.1,2.8, 2015,96.5,0.8,0.1,2.5, 2014,94.5,0.1,0.2,5.2, 10. Personal, cultural and leisure, 2022,72.6,0.1,0.0,27.3, 2021,79.1,0.0,1.5,19.4, 2020,82.9,0.0,0.0,17.1, 2019,74.9,0.0,0.0,25.1, 2018,76.9,0.0,0.0,23.1, 2017,78.8,0.1,0.0,21.1, 2016,84.6,0.0,0.0,15.4, 2015,85.3,0.0,0.0,14.7, 2014,85.1,0.1,0.0,14.9, 11. Government goods and services, 2022,23.2,2.0,0.0,74.7, 2021,2.2,2.8,0.0,95.0, 2020,1.7,3.8,0.0,94.4, 2019,28.9,2.6,0.0,68.6, 2018,17.1,2.8,0.0,80.1, 2017,54.7,2.7,0.0,42.6, 2016,58.6,2.7,0.0,38.8, 2015,39.3,2.3,0.0,58.4, 2014,52.2,2.5,0.0,45.3, Notes: Source: National Institute of Statistics