International Trade in Services Survey and Other International Operations EVALUATION OF TRADE POLICY Results by period, type of transaction, geographical area and mode of provision. Units: percentage ,Mode 1: Cross-border supply,Mode 2: Consumption in Spain (exports) or abroad (imports),Mode 3: Commercial presence,Mode 4: Presence of natural persons, EXPORTS, WORLDWIDE, 2022,85.6,9.4,0.2,4.8, 2021,86.1,8.8,0.3,4.9, 2020,86.3,8.5,0.2,5.0, 2019,85.3,9.0,0.6,5.1, 2018,86.7,6.9,2.2,4.1, 2017,85.9,6.8,2.4,5.0, 2016,85.6,6.8,2.2,5.3, 2015,85.2,7.2,2.2,5.4, 2014,86.6,6.3,2.5,4.6, 1. EUROPE, 2022,83.0,12.2,0.3,4.6, 2021,84.2,11.0,0.3,4.6, 2020,84.5,11.0,0.1,4.4, 2019,83.4,11.7,0.3,4.6, 2018,87.2,9.3,0.6,3.0, 2017,86.2,9.5,0.7,3.6, 2016,85.0,10.0,0.7,4.2, 2015,84.7,10.2,0.6,4.5, 2014,86.7,8.9,0.7,3.6, EU-27_2020, 2022,85.9,8.4,0.2,5.5, 2021,87.1,7.1,0.2,5.5, 2020,87.8,6.9,0.2,5.1, 2019,.,.,.,., 2018,.,.,.,., 2017,.,.,.,., 2016,.,.,.,., 2015,.,.,.,., 2014,.,.,.,., Euro zone, 2022,86.4,7.7,0.2,5.7, 2021,87.7,6.2,0.2,5.8, 2020,88.3,6.3,0.2,5.3, 2019,86.2,7.6,0.3,5.9, 2018,90.1,6.0,0.7,3.2, 2017,89.8,6.2,0.7,3.4, 2016,88.9,6.5,0.7,3.9, 2015,88.7,6.9,0.7,3.8, 2014,90.7,5.6,0.7,3.0, Germany, 2022,90.4,5.8,0.1,3.7, 2021,89.7,6.1,0.1,4.1, 2020,91.2,4.7,0.1,4.0, 2019,90.3,5.0,0.2,4.5, 2018,91.4,4.8,0.6,3.2, 2017,92.0,4.5,0.8,2.7, 2016,90.6,4.6,0.9,3.9, 2015,89.9,5.5,0.9,3.7, 2014,90.5,5.1,0.6,3.8, Belgium, 2022,88.9,5.8,0.2,5.0, 2021,92.3,5.0,0.4,2.2, 2020,89.7,8.0,0.2,2.1, 2019,90.0,7.2,0.3,2.4, 2018,92.5,4.5,1.4,1.6, 2017,91.5,5.7,0.7,2.1, 2016,91.6,5.1,0.4,2.8, 2015,89.2,6.0,0.8,4.0, 2014,90.4,5.9,0.4,3.3, The Netherlands, 2022,84.8,12.8,0.1,2.3, 2021,86.4,8.8,0.1,4.8, 2020,89.2,7.8,0.0,2.9, 2019,89.8,8.3,0.0,1.9, 2018,95.2,3.6,0.1,1.1, 2017,95.1,3.1,0.1,1.7, 2016,94.3,3.5,0.1,2.1, 2015,93.6,5.0,0.1,1.3, 2014,95.7,2.4,0.2,1.7, France, 2022,84.9,4.5,0.2,10.3, 2021,84.4,4.4,0.4,10.7, 2020,84.7,5.0,0.2,10.1, 2019,81.3,5.3,0.8,12.6, 2018,93.3,2.1,1.0,3.6, 2017,92.4,2.1,1.0,4.4, 2016,92.4,2.3,1.2,4.2, 2015,92.9,2.6,0.4,4.0, 2014,93.5,2.4,0.3,3.7, Italy, 2022,87.4,6.6,0.2,5.9, 2021,89.6,6.7,0.1,3.6, 2020,89.0,5.4,0.4,5.2, 2019,91.2,5.6,0.3,2.9, 2018,91.0,4.7,1.1,3.2, 2017,90.9,4.2,1.2,3.7, 2016,88.8,7.6,1.2,2.4, 2015,87.2,8.1,1.8,2.9, 2014,89.3,6.5,1.9,2.2, Portugal, 2022,84.0,3.4,0.8,11.8, 2021,86.6,3.0,0.6,9.7, 2020,89.5,3.2,0.2,7.0, 2019,87.7,3.6,0.2,8.5, 2018,91.3,3.0,0.7,5.0, 2017,93.4,2.6,0.6,3.4, 2016,89.6,3.1,0.7,6.6, 2015,85.6,3.7,0.6,10.1, 2014,91.8,3.7,1.5,3.0, Rest of the Euro zone, 2022,84.9,13.0,0.2,1.9, 2021,88.7,8.6,0.1,2.6, 2020,87.2,10.3,0.0,2.5, 2019,80.2,17.0,0.3,2.6, 2018,78.4,17.5,0.2,3.9, 2017,74.9,20.7,0.2,4.1, 2016,75.9,19.1,0.3,4.7, 2015,79.1,18.5,0.4,2.0, 2014,82.4,14.9,0.6,2.1, Rest of EU 28, 2022,79.3,16.6,0.2,4.0, 2021,80.2,17.4,0.2,2.2, 2020,82.3,14.8,0.1,2.8, 2019,83.8,12.7,0.2,3.4, 2018,82.0,14.8,0.4,2.8, 2017,76.0,13.3,0.4,10.3, 2016,72.9,16.5,0.4,10.1, 2015,69.6,15.8,0.6,14.0, 2014,72.1,15.5,0.5,11.8, Rest of Europe minus UE-27_2020, 2022,76.6,20.5,0.4,2.4, 2021,77.0,20.3,0.3,2.3, 2020,77.2,20.0,0.1,2.8, 2019,.,.,.,., 2018,.,.,.,., 2017,.,.,.,., 2016,.,.,.,., 2015,.,.,.,., 2014,.,.,.,., The United Kingdom, 2022,82.4,14.5,0.2,2.9, 2021,82.5,14.8,0.4,2.4, 2020,84.6,12.1,0.1,3.3, 2019,84.9,12.4,0.2,2.5, 2018,87.1,9.5,0.7,2.7, 2017,84.0,12.1,1.3,2.6, 2016,81.5,13.9,1.1,3.6, 2015,84.4,11.7,0.7,3.2, 2014,85.8,10.5,1.2,2.5, EU-28, 2022,.,.,.,., 2021,.,.,.,., 2020,.,.,.,., 2019,85.8,8.9,0.3,5.1, 2018,89.0,7.3,0.7,3.1, 2017,87.6,7.8,0.8,3.8, 2016,86.2,8.7,0.8,4.4, 2015,86.3,8.5,0.7,4.5, 2014,88.2,7.4,0.7,3.7, Rest of Europe minus UE-28, 2022,.,.,.,., 2021,.,.,.,., 2020,.,.,.,., 2019,70.4,27.4,0.2,2.0, 2018,77.7,19.7,0.4,2.3, 2017,78.3,18.3,0.4,2.9, 2016,79.1,16.7,0.5,3.7, 2015,76.5,18.5,0.5,4.4, 2014,80.1,16.1,0.6,3.2, 2. AMERICA, 2022,91.5,3.5,0.1,4.9, 2021,90.3,3.8,0.3,5.6, 2020,90.8,3.0,0.3,5.8, 2019,88.4,3.7,1.4,6.4, 2018,84.8,2.7,6.9,5.6, 2017,85.2,2.0,6.6,6.3, 2016,86.6,1.6,6.6,5.2, 2015,86.2,1.9,6.2,5.7, 2014,86.7,1.7,7.0,4.6, 2.1. North America and Central America, 2022,90.5,4.7,0.0,4.8, 2021,89.9,5.1,0.3,4.7, 2020,90.9,4.1,0.2,4.8, 2019,87.4,5.2,1.4,6.0, 2018,85.5,3.9,4.7,6.0, 2017,87.8,2.6,4.2,5.3, 2016,88.9,1.9,4.4,4.8, 2015,88.5,2.7,4.8,4.0, 2014,86.4,2.6,6.7,4.4, 2.2. South America, 2022,93.9,0.9,0.1,5.1, 2021,91.2,0.9,0.3,7.6, 2020,90.7,0.8,0.6,7.9, 2019,90.4,1.0,1.5,7.2, 2018,83.6,0.7,10.8,4.9, 2017,80.7,0.9,10.5,7.9, 2016,83.0,1.0,10.1,5.9, 2015,82.9,0.7,8.3,8.1, 2014,87.1,0.6,7.5,4.8, 3. AFRICA, 2022,79.7,9.5,0.9,9.9, 2021,85.8,6.3,1.3,6.6, 2020,82.7,5.0,0.6,11.7, 2019,84.0,4.6,1.9,9.4, 2018,82.6,3.7,2.2,11.5, 2017,83.8,3.5,1.7,11.0, 2016,81.3,3.6,1.9,13.1, 2015,81.2,3.2,4.2,11.4, 2014,78.5,2.8,6.6,12.1, 4. ASIA, 2022,89.6,6.0,0.0,4.3, 2021,89.9,5.3,0.1,4.6, 2020,89.9,4.6,0.4,5.1, 2019,91.2,3.9,0.6,4.4, 2018,89.4,2.7,1.8,6.1, 2017,85.9,2.2,3.4,8.6, 2016,88.1,1.7,1.7,8.5, 2015,87.4,2.9,1.5,8.3, 2014,89.5,2.2,0.9,7.5, 5. OCEANIA, 2022,88.7,8.9,0.0,2.4, 2021,89.5,6.8,0.0,3.7, 2020,85.4,8.0,0.1,6.5, 2019,90.5,6.7,0.5,2.4, 2018,93.2,2.4,2.3,2.2, 2017,88.6,5.8,2.7,2.9, 2016,89.5,3.2,2.4,4.8, 2015,90.1,4.5,2.1,3.3, 2014,90.0,4.7,2.4,2.9, IMPORTS, WORLDWIDE, 2022,94.0,2.5,0.4,3.2, 2021,94.8,2.0,0.2,3.0, 2020,94.1,2.1,0.0,3.8, 2019,94.5,2.7,0.1,2.7, 2018,94.8,2.8,0.2,2.2, 2017,94.8,3.3,0.3,1.6, 2016,94.9,3.0,0.1,2.0, 2015,95.4,2.7,0.1,1.8, 2014,95.6,2.0,0.2,2.2, 1. EUROPE, 2022,94.0,2.3,0.3,3.4, 2021,94.6,2.1,0.2,3.1, 2020,93.5,2.2,0.0,4.2, 2019,94.3,2.8,0.0,2.9, 2018,94.9,2.8,0.2,2.1, 2017,94.8,3.4,0.3,1.5, 2016,94.8,3.2,0.1,2.0, 2015,95.3,3.0,0.0,1.7, 2014,95.5,2.1,0.2,2.2, EU-27_2020, 2022,94.2,2.6,0.1,3.0, 2021,95.0,2.4,0.1,2.5, 2020,94.7,2.3,0.0,2.9, 2019,.,.,.,., 2018,.,.,.,., 2017,.,.,.,., 2016,.,.,.,., 2015,.,.,.,., 2014,.,.,.,., Euro zone, 2022,94.0,2.7,0.1,3.1, 2021,94.9,2.3,0.1,2.7, 2020,94.4,2.4,0.0,3.1, 2019,94.5,2.9,0.0,2.6, 2018,95.7,2.3,0.1,1.9, 2017,95.4,3.0,0.3,1.4, 2016,95.3,2.8,0.1,1.8, 2015,95.7,2.9,0.1,1.4, 2014,96.2,2.1,0.2,1.6, Germany, 2022,96.2,1.7,0.1,2.0, 2021,97.2,1.5,0.0,1.3, 2020,97.4,1.1,0.0,1.4, 2019,97.0,1.4,0.0,1.6, 2018,97.8,1.1,0.1,1.0, 2017,97.6,1.4,0.1,0.9, 2016,96.4,2.0,0.3,1.2, 2015,97.7,1.1,0.1,1.2, 2014,97.4,1.1,0.1,1.4, Belgium, 2022,86.1,8.0,0.0,5.9, 2021,84.8,7.6,0.0,7.5, 2020,83.3,9.3,0.0,7.3, 2019,84.5,8.5,0.0,7.1, 2018,78.9,8.8,0.1,12.2, 2017,88.5,9.2,0.0,2.3, 2016,89.4,8.4,0.0,2.2, 2015,90.7,6.3,0.0,2.9, 2014,96.9,0.5,0.1,2.5, The Netherlands, 2022,94.7,3.3,0.2,1.8, 2021,94.4,3.1,0.1,2.3, 2020,94.6,3.5,0.1,1.8, 2019,95.0,2.4,0.0,2.5, 2018,95.0,2.1,0.7,2.2, 2017,93.8,4.0,0.0,2.2, 2016,96.3,1.4,0.0,2.3, 2015,94.9,2.4,0.1,2.6, 2014,97.8,0.3,0.3,1.6, France, 2022,94.2,2.3,0.0,3.4, 2021,94.6,2.8,0.1,2.5, 2020,93.0,2.8,0.0,4.2, 2019,94.6,3.3,0.0,2.1, 2018,96.5,2.5,0.0,1.0, 2017,95.9,3.1,0.1,0.9, 2016,95.2,3.5,0.0,1.3, 2015,95.6,3.5,0.0,0.9, 2014,95.0,3.4,0.1,1.4, Italy, 2022,92.2,4.8,0.2,2.8, 2021,90.9,4.8,0.4,3.9, 2020,90.8,3.2,0.0,6.0, 2019,91.0,5.0,0.0,4.0, 2018,95.1,2.5,0.0,2.4, 2017,93.8,2.8,0.1,3.3, 2016,95.1,1.9,0.0,3.0, 2015,94.0,4.1,0.0,1.9, 2014,95.6,1.9,0.1,2.4, Portugal, 2022,95.3,2.2,0.1,2.5, 2021,94.9,2.2,0.1,2.8, 2020,95.2,2.1,0.0,2.7, 2019,95.6,1.8,0.4,2.1, 2018,97.1,1.4,0.2,1.4, 2017,95.1,1.7,2.4,0.8, 2016,96.2,2.0,0.2,1.6, 2015,94.5,3.8,0.3,1.3, 2014,93.6,4.5,0.4,1.6, Rest of the Euro zone, 2022,92.8,2.4,0.2,4.6, 2021,96.1,0.6,0.1,3.1, 2020,95.0,1.9,0.1,3.1, 2019,94.0,2.8,0.0,3.2, 2018,95.7,2.4,0.0,1.9, 2017,95.4,3.1,0.0,1.4, 2016,95.2,2.7,0.0,2.1, 2015,97.0,2.0,0.0,0.9, 2014,96.8,1.7,0.3,1.2, Rest of EU 28, 2022,96.2,1.5,0.5,1.9, 2021,95.5,2.6,0.5,1.5, 2020,97.0,1.4,0.0,1.6, 2019,96.2,2.7,0.0,1.0, 2018,95.1,3.6,0.0,1.3, 2017,94.7,4.4,0.0,0.8, 2016,95.1,3.3,0.0,1.5, 2015,93.6,5.0,0.0,1.4, 2014,93.7,4.7,0.2,1.5, Rest of Europe minus UE-27_2020, 2022,93.2,1.4,0.9,4.5, 2021,93.5,1.3,0.5,4.8, 2020,90.4,1.7,0.0,7.9, 2019,.,.,.,., 2018,.,.,.,., 2017,.,.,.,., 2016,.,.,.,., 2015,.,.,.,., 2014,.,.,.,., The United Kingdom, 2022,94.5,1.0,1.5,3.0, 2021,95.1,0.9,0.7,3.2, 2020,94.5,0.9,0.0,4.6, 2019,94.3,2.0,0.0,3.6, 2018,92.1,4.2,0.5,3.2, 2017,92.6,4.8,0.1,2.6, 2016,92.7,4.4,0.0,2.9, 2015,93.2,3.5,0.0,3.2, 2014,93.3,2.4,0.3,4.0, EU-28, 2022,.,.,.,., 2021,.,.,.,., 2020,.,.,.,., 2019,94.6,2.7,0.0,2.6, 2018,95.0,2.7,0.2,2.1, 2017,94.9,3.4,0.2,1.5, 2016,94.8,3.2,0.1,2.0, 2015,95.1,3.1,0.1,1.7, 2014,95.6,2.3,0.2,1.9, Rest of Europe minus UE-28, 2022,.,.,.,., 2021,.,.,.,., 2020,.,.,.,., 2019,91.2,3.7,0.1,5.0, 2018,94.2,3.8,0.1,2.0, 2017,94.6,3.1,0.7,1.6, 2016,94.6,3.0,0.0,2.4, 2015,97.1,1.3,0.0,1.6, 2014,95.2,0.6,0.0,4.2, 2. AMERICA, 2022,93.0,3.4,0.6,3.1, 2021,95.3,1.7,0.3,2.8, 2020,95.9,1.9,0.0,2.1, 2019,95.5,2.3,0.4,1.8, 2018,93.9,3.3,0.1,2.7, 2017,94.9,3.2,0.2,1.7, 2016,95.6,2.6,0.0,1.8, 2015,95.7,2.3,0.0,2.0, 2014,96.5,1.3,0.2,2.1, 2.1. North America and Central America, 2022,92.8,3.4,0.8,3.1, 2021,95.6,1.3,0.4,2.7, 2020,96.6,1.5,0.0,1.9, 2019,96.1,1.9,0.5,1.5, 2018,95.1,2.3,0.1,2.5, 2017,96.1,2.2,0.3,1.5, 2016,96.8,1.5,0.0,1.7, 2015,96.8,1.3,0.0,2.0, 2014,96.3,1.5,0.1,2.2, 2.2. South America, 2022,93.7,3.3,0.0,3.0, 2021,94.2,2.8,0.0,3.0, 2020,93.4,3.5,0.0,3.1, 2019,92.7,4.3,0.1,2.9, 2018,88.9,7.5,0.3,3.3, 2017,90.0,7.2,0.0,2.7, 2016,91.3,6.3,0.0,2.4, 2015,92.3,5.5,0.0,2.2, 2014,96.9,0.8,0.4,1.8, 3. AFRICA, 2022,86.5,7.4,1.3,4.7, 2021,89.1,4.7,0.0,6.2, 2020,88.5,2.6,0.0,8.9, 2019,91.4,2.3,0.1,6.2, 2018,93.4,2.5,0.1,4.0, 2017,92.4,3.8,1.4,2.3, 2016,95.4,2.5,0.0,2.1, 2015,94.5,2.8,0.0,2.7, 2014,90.0,4.7,0.9,4.4, 4. ASIA, 2022,96.9,1.1,0.1,1.9, 2021,97.1,1.5,0.0,1.4, 2020,96.0,1.7,0.0,2.3, 2019,95.1,2.9,0.0,2.0, 2018,95.3,2.5,0.1,2.1, 2017,94.3,3.3,0.4,2.0, 2016,94.8,2.7,0.2,2.3, 2015,95.7,1.3,0.2,2.8, 2014,95.9,1.4,0.4,2.4, 5. OCEANIA, 2022,98.4,0.2,0.0,1.4, 2021,97.7,0.2,0.0,2.0, 2020,97.7,0.5,0.0,1.7, 2019,96.5,0.3,0.0,3.2, 2018,98.1,0.5,0.0,1.4, 2017,97.6,1.0,0.0,1.4, 2016,98.0,1.3,0.0,0.7, 2015,97.6,1.5,0.0,0.9, 2014,98.3,0.3,0.0,1.4, Notes: .Data protected by statistical secrecy Source: National Institute of Statistics