International Trade in Services Survey and Other International Operations COEFFICIENTS OF VARIATION Variation coefficients by period, country and type of transaction Units: percentage ,EXPORTS,IMPORTS, WORLDWIDE, 2022,1.92,1.55, 2021,2.02,1.69, 2020,2.42,1.64, 2019,2.06,1.50, 2018,2.07,1.41, 2017,1.91,1.39, 2016,2.21,1.32, 2015,1.96,1.28, 2014,2.20,1.30, EUROPE, 2022,2.64,1.86, 2021,2.66,1.78, 2020,3.29,1.89, 2019,2.91,1.90, 2018,2.84,1.76, 2017,2.81,1.73, 2016,3.46,1.62, 2015,2.95,1.61, 2014,3.30,1.70, BELGIUM, 2022,8.91,6.10, 2021,10.17,8.21, 2020,14.09,4.13, 2019,8.56,24.70, 2018,7.87,18.75, 2017,5.90,8.48, 2016,11.16,8.81, 2015,9.07,8.67, 2014,8.80,10.80, BULGARIA, 2022,24.27,8.68, 2021,17.25,12.61, 2020,15.92,10.48, 2019,13.73,20.47, 2018,20.30,20.34, 2017,76.85,22.34, 2016,60.59,23.06, 2015,75.43,12.00, 2014,59.50,9.80, CZECH REPUBLIC, 2022,6.67,11.85, 2021,8.31,21.38, 2020,12.51,18.26, 2019,8.44,17.93, 2018,7.94,9.86, 2017,9.61,7.79, 2016,9.34,4.50, 2015,10.21,5.23, 2014,9.30,4.10, DENMARK, 2022,30.05,8.70, 2021,33.65,9.90, 2020,18.29,7.58, 2019,22.37,15.50, 2018,28.93,9.72, 2017,29.28,10.75, 2016,30.56,12.20, 2015,22.34,14.30, 2014,44.50,12.90, GERMANY, 2022,4.53,2.96, 2021,4.26,4.09, 2020,6.24,11.76, 2019,5.31,3.13, 2018,4.64,3.12, 2017,4.97,3.24, 2016,6.91,3.21, 2015,6.55,3.59, 2014,7.10,3.20, ESTONIA, 2022,17.94,15.07, 2021,25.06,11.59, 2020,18.44,3.50, 2019,13.08,15.61, 2018,17.15,10.13, 2017,16.93,9.62, 2016,18.85,16.52, 2015,32.75,21.96, 2014,25.70,6.60, GREECE, 2022,10.55,12.90, 2021,16.67,16.85, 2020,19.79,14.43, 2019,16.83,5.74, 2018,14.33,10.07, 2017,24.50,10.77, 2016,23.23,13.40, 2015,24.81,16.39, 2014,10.10,2.20, FRANCE, 2022,8.76,4.10, 2021,10.21,3.52, 2020,9.61,8.17, 2019,8.91,3.55, 2018,8.88,3.78, 2017,8.26,3.64, 2016,8.69,3.16, 2015,9.47,3.47, 2014,9.60,2.70, CROATIA, 2022,12.30,25.64, 2021,17.79,38.21, 2020,13.04,27.90, 2019,15.51,16.01, 2018,14.13,25.26, 2017,43.42,16.75, 2016,44.40,11.09, 2015,54.40,9.66, 2014,17.60,3.20, IRELAND, 2022,8.36,7.11, 2021,8.24,8.62, 2020,28.94,4.13, 2019,9.51,5.75, 2018,2.55,6.40, 2017,3.97,6.39, 2016,5.28,6.11, 2015,2.90,4.43, 2014,3.80,5.20, ITALY, 2022,6.18,6.78, 2021,7.16,8.45, 2020,8.47,7.09, 2019,7.84,5.65, 2018,6.80,6.03, 2017,7.26,6.17, 2016,8.86,5.59, 2015,10.31,5.32, 2014,7.10,8.70, CYPRUS, 2022,8.23,7.94, 2021,13.26,10.31, 2020,15.34,6.38, 2019,16.98,8.58, 2018,21.06,9.08, 2017,30.97,6.97, 2016,7.61,3.24, 2015,20.68,6.05, 2014,12.90,1.50, LATVIA, 2022,24.62,17.53, 2021,22.18,19.61, 2020,26.15,14.87, 2019,16.42,23.11, 2018,19.55,31.92, 2017,24.14,18.15, 2016,20.07,5.61, 2015,10.72,21.28, 2014,35.00,41.20, LITHUANIA, 2022,13.84,16.86, 2021,19.79,15.27, 2020,27.82,25.75, 2019,31.24,10.33, 2018,31.76,11.04, 2017,23.38,7.73, 2016,37.13,9.31, 2015,15.60,4.08, 2014,7.40,3.50, LUXEMBOURG, 2022,4.11,11.28, 2021,4.06,8.75, 2020,7.99,15.85, 2019,6.09,9.37, 2018,5.55,7.57, 2017,5.05,16.13, 2016,2.92,10.07, 2015,7.34,12.77, 2014,8.70,14.20, HUNGRY, 2022,8.33,20.48, 2021,13.34,7.26, 2020,15.51,10.49, 2019,10.17,8.29, 2018,14.55,8.02, 2017,8.10,6.12, 2016,11.84,8.31, 2015,7.97,6.28, 2014,3.20,3.10, MALTA, 2022,7.35,27.99, 2021,6.94,11.66, 2020,7.33,15.28, 2019,8.98,6.22, 2018,19.62,3.71, 2017,13.60,3.15, 2016,18.90,2.53, 2015,2.45,1.27, 2014,21.50,0.40, THE NETHERLANDS, 2022,6.26,5.30, 2021,6.48,4.05, 2020,9.14,12.43, 2019,8.47,3.46, 2018,10.26,3.03, 2017,9.85,4.28, 2016,7.99,3.80, 2015,5.97,2.74, 2014,5.40,2.70, AUSTRIA, 2022,4.51,13.00, 2021,7.43,9.50, 2020,8.91,8.15, 2019,29.79,8.27, 2018,27.92,8.16, 2017,14.31,14.79, 2016,16.26,12.60, 2015,7.31,12.83, 2014,4.70,10.70, POLAND, 2022,7.39,5.80, 2021,8.78,4.77, 2020,10.13,10.69, 2019,12.04,30.11, 2018,10.70,30.80, 2017,13.58,31.04, 2016,12.14,26.10, 2015,10.75,22.23, 2014,12.40,15.50, PORTUGAL, 2022,8.82,6.35, 2021,10.71,7.37, 2020,9.27,23.13, 2019,8.75,6.28, 2018,8.06,6.11, 2017,10.88,5.80, 2016,9.08,5.63, 2015,10.28,6.46, 2014,10.50,7.70, ROMANIA, 2022,16.72,9.27, 2021,15.38,8.50, 2020,12.66,6.31, 2019,14.35,4.89, 2018,9.68,4.57, 2017,24.12,3.80, 2016,12.33,5.82, 2015,13.05,3.96, 2014,12.70,3.10, SLOVENIA, 2022,13.50,17.09, 2021,10.07,10.77, 2020,10.69,6.09, 2019,10.82,14.07, 2018,18.10,14.22, 2017,8.90,12.80, 2016,8.84,9.27, 2015,14.42,10.07, 2014,5.90,13.80, SLOVAKIA, 2022,25.52,10.65, 2021,25.71,17.30, 2020,14.57,7.82, 2019,16.95,27.08, 2018,11.59,15.42, 2017,8.47,9.23, 2016,12.22,8.13, 2015,11.30,5.86, 2014,11.20,2.90, FINLAND, 2022,19.98,14.24, 2021,19.79,13.29, 2020,21.36,34.00, 2019,19.37,7.52, 2018,16.61,5.86, 2017,19.53,10.04, 2016,17.88,10.54, 2015,9.26,17.05, 2014,7.60,8.40, SWEDEN, 2022,15.50,6.47, 2021,15.99,5.83, 2020,25.00,7.16, 2019,17.91,11.97, 2018,16.54,12.82, 2017,19.84,11.05, 2016,15.29,14.54, 2015,16.46,13.78, 2014,12.80,10.10, ICELAND, 2022,6.73,51.92, 2021,6.98,53.12, 2020,8.67,55.85, 2019,7.68,62.58, 2018,5.05,47.29, 2017,7.71,50.30, 2016,5.06,54.27, 2015,4.71,52.47, 2014,4.80,40.50, LIECHTENSTEIN, 2022,2.20,1.50, 2021,1.54,4.08, 2020,0.32,0.57, 2019,2.18,0.43, 2018,10.20,0.24, 2017,14.70,0.89, 2016,12.87,31.53, 2015,9.25,4.94, 2014,4.40,1.40, NORWAY, 2022,11.80,8.09, 2021,13.17,8.32, 2020,13.14,6.27, 2019,11.68,9.38, 2018,11.41,6.77, 2017,12.34,9.89, 2016,11.64,7.42, 2015,7.88,4.34, 2014,9.60,11.20, SWITZERLAND, 2022,10.60,11.27, 2021,10.31,8.40, 2020,13.23,11.82, 2019,13.06,10.72, 2018,7.97,11.00, 2017,8.45,11.63, 2016,20.60,13.31, 2015,14.63,11.87, 2014,17.40,12.70, OTHER EUROPEAN COUNTRIES MINUS EU-28 AND EFTA, 2022,.,., 2021,.,., 2020,.,., 2019,5.20,8.87, 2018,6.33,10.58, 2017,4.13,8.81, 2016,6.61,10.02, 2015,3.92,9.64, 2014,5.50,13.40, OTHER EUROPEAN COUNTRIES MINUS EU-27_2020 AND EFTA, 2022,7.16,3.96, 2021,7.07,3.58, 2020,7.74,3.46, 2019,.,., 2018,.,., 2017,.,., 2016,.,., 2015,.,., 2014,.,., RUSSIA, 2022,9.73,12.62, 2021,5.76,16.93, 2020,15.62,16.84, 2019,11.54,12.82, 2018,12.23,5.64, 2017,6.91,3.92, 2016,19.23,9.13, 2015,3.23,2.36, 2014,7.00,29.20, TURKEY, 2022,7.71,12.96, 2021,8.21,16.43, 2020,9.40,16.79, 2019,7.04,16.76, 2018,10.97,20.32, 2017,6.62,14.56, 2016,7.24,20.44, 2015,7.07,20.32, 2014,8.40,25.50, THE UNITED KINGDOM, 2022,8.13,4.30, 2021,8.09,3.75, 2020,8.86,3.69, 2019,8.97,4.69, 2018,5.75,3.77, 2017,5.50,3.17, 2016,4.25,3.47, 2015,4.63,2.36, 2014,5.10,2.90, AFRICA, 2022,7.67,9.18, 2021,8.06,8.33, 2020,6.14,6.52, 2019,5.85,3.89, 2018,4.46,4.59, 2017,4.18,4.80, 2016,3.73,2.76, 2015,5.36,4.69, 2014,2.90,5.80, NORTH AFRICA, 2022,7.98,12.69, 2021,9.03,11.51, 2020,9.26,9.76, 2019,5.87,5.43, 2018,4.24,5.31, 2017,4.67,5.72, 2016,5.07,3.41, 2015,9.10,4.30, 2014,4.90,9.90, EGYPT, 2022,6.40,21.93, 2021,6.62,16.58, 2020,8.10,16.14, 2019,6.38,10.16, 2018,8.13,9.62, 2017,8.12,27.61, 2016,7.33,1.24, 2015,5.37,9.90, 2014,5.70,2.30, MOROCCO, 2022,13.15,18.14, 2021,13.35,17.11, 2020,12.27,14.62, 2019,9.44,12.66, 2018,7.72,11.93, 2017,7.97,10.34, 2016,4.82,9.05, 2015,6.00,7.63, 2014,6.60,16.90, OTHER AFRICAN COUNTRIES, 2022,12.77,12.83, 2021,11.81,11.57, 2020,7.54,8.19, 2019,11.01,4.79, 2018,8.83,8.08, 2017,7.68,6.66, 2016,5.43,4.68, 2015,3.26,9.69, 2014,2.80,4.30, NIGERIA, 2022,14.75,7.32, 2021,27.74,5.91, 2020,35.06,2.34, 2019,22.50,0.96, 2018,19.70,1.26, 2017,14.52,1.58, 2016,5.97,1.15, 2015,6.29,1.25, 2014,8.40,0.50, SOUTH AFRICA, 2022,6.88,10.41, 2021,8.97,12.39, 2020,10.16,6.23, 2019,9.79,7.67, 2018,20.79,8.50, 2017,7.33,10.93, 2016,10.95,11.25, 2015,9.50,6.87, 2014,5.90,8.00, AMERICA, 2022,2.93,2.11, 2021,2.99,2.25, 2020,3.34,2.73, 2019,2.84,1.92, 2018,3.62,1.98, 2017,2.58,1.65, 2016,2.05,2.47, 2015,2.10,2.44, 2014,2.40,1.60, NORTH AMERICA, 2022,5.18,3.33, 2021,5.07,3.06, 2020,6.35,4.86, 2019,3.76,2.86, 2018,6.62,2.26, 2017,4.03,1.99, 2016,3.09,2.89, 2015,3.20,2.02, 2014,2.90,1.70, CANADA, 2022,6.43,20.19, 2021,6.70,15.85, 2020,6.40,16.45, 2019,17.40,5.83, 2018,22.39,8.96, 2017,19.75,14.73, 2016,19.05,22.30, 2015,4.57,6.51, 2014,8.10,12.70, THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, 2022,5.36,3.34, 2021,5.32,3.07, 2020,6.62,5.02, 2019,3.86,2.92, 2018,6.90,2.34, 2017,3.99,1.93, 2016,3.07,2.81, 2015,3.40,2.06, 2014,3.00,1.70, CENTRAL AMERICA, 2022,4.19,2.12, 2021,5.18,5.21, 2020,4.28,1.90, 2019,6.33,2.96, 2018,9.00,6.42, 2017,5.07,2.42, 2016,4.50,2.48, 2015,4.14,2.70, 2014,9.30,6.60, MEXICO, 2022,5.39,3.11, 2021,4.42,8.12, 2020,6.41,4.44, 2019,8.82,8.10, 2018,8.91,10.92, 2017,7.13,6.23, 2016,4.81,6.93, 2015,5.10,6.85, 2014,6.30,2.50, SOUTH AMERICA, 2022,3.27,1.82, 2021,3.71,2.80, 2020,3.60,2.30, 2019,3.11,1.93, 2018,3.29,2.31, 2017,4.16,3.21, 2016,3.19,6.93, 2015,3.29,8.57, 2014,2.20,1.60, ARGENTINA, 2022,4.16,6.85, 2021,5.34,7.30, 2020,9.07,5.40, 2019,3.47,7.75, 2018,4.52,7.35, 2017,7.78,2.82, 2016,2.02,9.89, 2015,1.45,3.36, 2014,7.20,3.20, BRAZIL, 2022,4.51,2.47, 2021,3.96,3.11, 2020,4.36,1.21, 2019,2.80,1.75, 2018,3.84,3.52, 2017,3.54,2.55, 2016,7.15,22.79, 2015,5.09,28.54, 2014,4.10,1.50, CHILE, 2022,4.13,3.36, 2021,4.74,6.96, 2020,6.30,3.67, 2019,6.96,2.92, 2018,4.22,4.37, 2017,8.25,6.51, 2016,4.85,6.35, 2015,6.65,5.37, 2014,2.00,2.90, URUGUAY, 2022,11.04,3.27, 2021,12.86,6.54, 2020,6.01,3.20, 2019,9.41,2.80, 2018,6.48,1.77, 2017,13.17,32.86, 2016,4.92,2.28, 2015,8.91,4.93, 2014,9.90,3.20, VENEZUELA, 2022,3.07,4.53, 2021,42.59,8.22, 2020,6.81,22.24, 2019,19.05,11.40, 2018,9.67,24.99, 2017,21.29,3.88, 2016,17.12,5.85, 2015,12.14,11.53, 2014,4.40,4.90, ASIA, 2022,6.25,5.86, 2021,7.03,7.81, 2020,7.70,7.60, 2019,5.42,4.06, 2018,4.81,3.51, 2017,3.41,5.25, 2016,2.09,3.72, 2015,3.23,3.31, 2014,2.60,3.90, NEAR EAST AND MIDDLE EAST, 2022,12.58,12.28, 2021,13.58,12.12, 2020,7.24,7.84, 2019,6.35,7.01, 2018,5.02,4.87, 2017,4.66,7.35, 2016,2.19,3.34, 2015,3.60,6.15, 2014,3.50,4.80, PERSIAN GULF, 2022,15.95,12.44, 2021,15.16,15.04, 2020,8.24,7.17, 2019,.,., 2018,5.82,4.87, 2017,5.33,8.11, 2016,2.35,4.06, 2015,3.89,7.78, 2014,3.80,6.10, OTHER COUNTRIES OF NEAR EAST AND MIDDLE EAST, 2022,24.43,18.01, 2021,10.92,20.90, 2020,27.39,18.18, 2019,19.45,16.74, 2018,16.07,18.33, 2017,10.06,20.54, 2016,10.75,4.14, 2015,4.92,1.99, 2014,11.80,2.70, ISRAEL, 2022,9.97,28.42, 2021,9.81,23.39, 2020,11.79,15.29, 2019,8.51,13.46, 2018,9.54,11.31, 2017,11.06,16.80, 2016,6.62,5.19, 2015,8.80,8.99, 2014,3.70,3.30, OTHER ASIAN COUNTRIES, 2022,5.01,6.51, 2021,5.64,9.17, 2020,10.53,9.53, 2019,7.60,4.80, 2018,7.00,4.30, 2017,4.76,6.17, 2016,3.79,4.67, 2015,5.52,3.82, 2014,3.50,4.60, CHINA, 2022,12.56,10.55, 2021,8.99,11.82, 2020,16.24,23.16, 2019,4.80,7.41, 2018,10.73,9.23, 2017,8.88,8.69, 2016,8.16,9.71, 2015,21.91,9.63, 2014,8.00,10.70, HONG KONG, 2022,14.17,17.94, 2021,22.70,32.33, 2020,24.77,19.72, 2019,40.84,17.15, 2018,23.75,16.25, 2017,17.29,21.74, 2016,18.19,19.16, 2015,12.82,14.06, 2014,10.10,16.90, INDIA, 2022,22.17,27.27, 2021,11.70,37.17, 2020,18.66,9.31, 2019,13.42,6.29, 2018,9.22,5.43, 2017,5.55,8.16, 2016,4.92,8.59, 2015,11.49,7.64, 2014,11.90,9.20, INDONESIA, 2022,6.83,15.04, 2021,9.28,15.58, 2020,6.66,8.43, 2019,2.52,18.50, 2018,2.12,10.67, 2017,2.88,13.74, 2016,8.37,3.33, 2015,2.07,4.48, 2014,10.10,12.10, JAPAN, 2022,7.56,5.33, 2021,12.03,8.52, 2020,15.25,15.60, 2019,7.62,19.62, 2018,6.34,6.44, 2017,9.37,5.86, 2016,8.67,6.08, 2015,10.55,4.01, 2014,13.70,2.70, SOUTH KOREA, 2022,9.81,12.52, 2021,15.16,9.60, 2020,19.14,13.18, 2019,8.43,8.35, 2018,5.64,8.65, 2017,7.45,48.59, 2016,2.43,2.27, 2015,5.76,2.22, 2014,2.20,3.80, MALAYSIA, 2022,3.99,16.43, 2021,9.29,16.77, 2020,14.03,19.78, 2019,4.19,20.05, 2018,2.05,7.01, 2017,2.89,11.99, 2016,7.46,10.09, 2015,17.37,7.57, 2014,16.10,6.10, THE PHILIPPINES, 2022,3.74,12.26, 2021,15.12,9.95, 2020,16.38,5.62, 2019,7.65,5.24, 2018,6.86,5.22, 2017,5.62,6.48, 2016,6.12,2.58, 2015,1.91,1.58, 2014,3.80,1.30, SINGAPORE, 2022,11.55,12.26, 2021,7.78,17.45, 2020,11.12,4.64, 2019,8.46,7.55, 2018,6.32,6.45, 2017,9.76,4.71, 2016,10.57,6.29, 2015,11.23,3.39, 2014,3.60,2.20, TAIWAN, 2022,9.35,21.35, 2021,24.61,57.96, 2020,26.29,23.54, 2019,8.95,13.61, 2018,5.34,18.95, 2017,6.85,13.75, 2016,8.73,11.82, 2015,8.38,8.46, 2014,10.90,8.80, THAILAND, 2022,5.27,32.87, 2021,11.93,22.21, 2020,21.83,15.24, 2019,5.53,6.35, 2018,2.58,5.67, 2017,5.78,14.95, 2016,2.29,11.12, 2015,3.62,17.13, 2014,8.80,6.80, OCEANIA AND POLAR REGIONS, 2022,7.39,7.06, 2021,7.76,12.80, 2020,7.41,7.45, 2019,5.30,5.71, 2018,5.33,5.53, 2017,5.20,3.44, 2016,6.24,7.50, 2015,37.01,3.26, 2014,8.00,2.60, AUSTRALIA, 2022,5.43,12.36, 2021,7.29,20.11, 2020,8.90,10.10, 2019,5.12,8.90, 2018,4.59,6.85, 2017,4.87,5.46, 2016,7.46,12.80, 2015,4.37,8.99, 2014,9.50,5.50, NEW ZEALAND, 2022,24.00,30.47, 2021,29.40,8.19, 2020,23.92,6.23, 2019,16.13,8.28, 2018,24.72,10.78, 2017,18.91,4.45, 2016,4.47,20.30, 2015,15.85,5.71, 2014,7.20,7.00, EUROPEAN UNION 28, 2022,.,., 2021,.,., 2020,.,., 2019,2.94,1.91, 2018,2.57,1.73, 2017,2.61,1.65, 2016,2.66,1.49, 2015,2.83,1.45, 2014,2.90,1.50, EXTRA EUROPEAN UNION 28, 2022,.,., 2021,.,., 2020,.,., 2019,2.89,2.19, 2018,3.32,2.33, 2017,2.78,2.44, 2016,3.56,2.50, 2015,2.72,2.37, 2014,3.40,2.40, EUROPEAN UNION 27_2020, 2022,2.75,1.86, 2021,2.89,1.99, 2020,3.70,2.05, 2019,.,., 2018,.,., 2017,.,., 2016,.,., 2015,.,., 2014,.,., EXTRA EUROPEAN UNION 27_2020, 2022,2.69,2.46, 2021,2.80,2.54, 2020,3.24,2.57, 2019,.,., 2018,.,., 2017,.,., 2016,.,., 2015,.,., 2014,.,., EURO ZONE, 2022,2.87,1.98, 2021,3.01,2.14, 2020,3.85,2.10, 2019,3.09,2.03, 2018,2.99,1.94, 2017,3.03,1.86, 2016,3.18,1.68, 2015,3.25,1.72, 2014,3.20,1.70, EXTRA EURO ZONE, 2022,2.59,2.27, 2021,2.70,2.35, 2020,3.13,2.45, 2019,2.76,2.13, 2018,2.82,2.00, 2017,2.47,2.00, 2016,2.98,2.01, 2015,2.47,1.84, 2014,3.00,1.90, INSTITUTIONS OF THE EU (except ECB), 2022,39.00,52.50, 2021,7.95,17.41, 2020,.,., 2019,0.85,., 2018,0.88,., 2017,39.32,0.51, 2016,34.79,0.00, 2015,30.77,14.60, 2014,21.70,18.60, ECB, 2022,84.44,13.94, 2021,.,., 2020,.,., 2019,.,., 2018,.,., 2017,..,.., 2016,3.05,.., 2015,..,.., 2014,..,.., OFFSHORE CENTERS, 2022,11.04,9.70, 2021,9.87,8.55, 2020,12.45,8.19, 2019,8.47,5.12, 2018,8.56,6.84, 2017,8.59,4.15, 2016,9.80,3.50, 2015,45.32,1.06, 2014,10.80,0.30, Notes: .Data protected by statistical secrecy 1) With the entry into force of Brexit, the EU-27 aggregate replaces the EU-28 , subtracting the figures for the United Kingdom from the EU. 2) EFTA (European Free Trade Association) includes Iceland, Liechtenstein, Norway and Switzerland. Source: National Institute of Statistics