OECD countries	Resources allocated to R&D	Periodo	Total
Australia	Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices	2020	..
Australia	Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices	2019	1,8
Australia	Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices	2018	..
Australia	Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices	2017	1,79
Australia	Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices	2016	..
Australia	R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees	2020	..
Australia	R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees	2019	..
Australia	R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees	2018	..
Australia	R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees	2017	..
Australia	R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees	2016	..
Australia	Total researchers (head count)	2020	..
Australia	Total researchers (head count)	2019	..
Australia	Total researchers (head count)	2018	..
Australia	Total researchers (head count)	2017	..
Australia	Total researchers (head count)	2016	..
Australia	Women as a percentage of all researchers	2020	..
Australia	Women as a percentage of all researchers	2019	..
Australia	Women as a percentage of all researchers	2018	..
Australia	Women as a percentage of all researchers	2017	..
Australia	Women as a percentage of all researchers	2016	..
Austria	Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices	2020	3,2
Austria	Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices	2019	3,13
Austria	Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices	2018	3,09
Austria	Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices	2017	3,06
Austria	Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices	2016	3,12
Austria	R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees	2020	18,3
Austria	R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees	2019	18,4
Austria	R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees	2018	17,9
Austria	R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees	2017	17,2
Austria	R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees	2016	17,3
Austria	Total researchers (head count)	2020	..
Austria	Total researchers (head count)	2019	93.179
Austria	Total researchers (head count)	2018	..
Austria	Total researchers (head count)	2017	83.648
Austria	Total researchers (head count)	2016	..
Austria	Women as a percentage of all researchers	2020	..
Austria	Women as a percentage of all researchers	2019	30,4
Austria	Women as a percentage of all researchers	2018	..
Austria	Women as a percentage of all researchers	2017	30,1
Austria	Women as a percentage of all researchers	2016	..
Belgium	Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices	2020	3,48
Belgium	Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices	2019	3,16
Belgium	Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices	2018	2,86
Belgium	Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices	2017	2,67
Belgium	Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices	2016	2,52
Belgium	R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees	2020	21
Belgium	R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees	2019	19,1
Belgium	R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees	2018	18,4
Belgium	R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees	2017	17,4
Belgium	R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees	2016	16,9
Belgium	Total researchers (head count)	2020	..
Belgium	Total researchers (head count)	2019	91.757
Belgium	Total researchers (head count)	2018	..
Belgium	Total researchers (head count)	2017	78.867
Belgium	Total researchers (head count)	2016	..
Belgium	Women as a percentage of all researchers	2020	..
Belgium	Women as a percentage of all researchers	2019	32,6
Belgium	Women as a percentage of all researchers	2018	..
Belgium	Women as a percentage of all researchers	2017	34,8
Belgium	Women as a percentage of all researchers	2016	..
Canada	Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices	2020	1,7
Canada	Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices	2019	1,59
Canada	Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices	2018	1,68
Canada	Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices	2017	1,69
Canada	Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices	2016	1,73
Canada	R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees	2020	..
Canada	R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees	2019	..
Canada	R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees	2018	12,5
Canada	R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees	2017	12,3
Canada	R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees	2016	12,4
Canada	Total researchers (head count)	2020	..
Canada	Total researchers (head count)	2019	..
Canada	Total researchers (head count)	2018	..
Canada	Total researchers (head count)	2017	..
Canada	Total researchers (head count)	2016	..
Canada	Women as a percentage of all researchers	2020	..
Canada	Women as a percentage of all researchers	2019	..
Canada	Women as a percentage of all researchers	2018	..
Canada	Women as a percentage of all researchers	2017	..
Canada	Women as a percentage of all researchers	2016	..
Chile	Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices	2020	..
Chile	Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices	2019	0,34
Chile	Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices	2018	0,37
Chile	Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices	2017	0,36
Chile	Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices	2016	0,37
Chile	R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees	2020	..
Chile	R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees	2019	1,9
Chile	R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees	2018	2
Chile	R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees	2017	2
Chile	R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees	2016	2
Chile	Total researchers (head count)	2020	..
Chile	Total researchers (head count)	2019	15.438
Chile	Total researchers (head count)	2018	15.467
Chile	Total researchers (head count)	2017	14.392
Chile	Total researchers (head count)	2016	14.181
Chile	Women as a percentage of all researchers	2020	..
Chile	Women as a percentage of all researchers	2019	34,8
Chile	Women as a percentage of all researchers	2018	32,4
Chile	Women as a percentage of all researchers	2017	34,4
Chile	Women as a percentage of all researchers	2016	33,1
Colombia	Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices	2020	0,29
Colombia	Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices	2019	0,32
Colombia	Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices	2018	0,31
Colombia	Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices	2017	0,26
Colombia	Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices	2016	0,27
Colombia	R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees	2020	..
Colombia	R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees	2019	..
Colombia	R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees	2018	..
Colombia	R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees	2017	..
Colombia	R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees	2016	..
Colombia	Total researchers (head count)	2020	..
Colombia	Total researchers (head count)	2019	..
Colombia	Total researchers (head count)	2018	..
Colombia	Total researchers (head count)	2017	..
Colombia	Total researchers (head count)	2016	..
Colombia	Women as a percentage of all researchers	2020	..
Colombia	Women as a percentage of all researchers	2019	..
Colombia	Women as a percentage of all researchers	2018	..
Colombia	Women as a percentage of all researchers	2017	..
Colombia	Women as a percentage of all researchers	2016	..
Czech Republic	Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices	2020	1,99
Czech Republic	Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices	2019	1,93
Czech Republic	Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices	2018	1,9
Czech Republic	Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices	2017	1,77
Czech Republic	Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices	2016	1,67
Czech Republic	R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees	2020	15,2
Czech Republic	R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees	2019	14,6
Czech Republic	R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees	2018	13,8
Czech Republic	R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees	2017	13
Czech Republic	R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees	2016	12,5
Czech Republic	Total researchers (head count)	2020	65.193
Czech Republic	Total researchers (head count)	2019	63.690
Czech Republic	Total researchers (head count)	2018	61.966
Czech Republic	Total researchers (head count)	2017	59.789
Czech Republic	Total researchers (head count)	2016	56.178
Czech Republic	Women as a percentage of all researchers	2020	27,6
Czech Republic	Women as a percentage of all researchers	2019	27,2
Czech Republic	Women as a percentage of all researchers	2018	26,6
Czech Republic	Women as a percentage of all researchers	2017	26,8
Czech Republic	Women as a percentage of all researchers	2016	26,7
Denmark	Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices	2020	2,96
Denmark	Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices	2019	2,89
Denmark	Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices	2018	2,97
Denmark	Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices	2017	2,93
Denmark	Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices	2016	3,09
Denmark	R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees	2020	20,8
Denmark	R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees	2019	20,7
Denmark	R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees	2018	20,2
Denmark	R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees	2017	20,6
Denmark	R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees	2016	21,9
Denmark	Total researchers (head count)	2020	61.481
Denmark	Total researchers (head count)	2019	61.573
Denmark	Total researchers (head count)	2018	60.389
Denmark	Total researchers (head count)	2017	60.085
Denmark	Total researchers (head count)	2016	60.782
Denmark	Women as a percentage of all researchers	2020	..
Denmark	Women as a percentage of all researchers	2019	35,3
Denmark	Women as a percentage of all researchers	2018	..
Denmark	Women as a percentage of all researchers	2017	35,7
Denmark	Women as a percentage of all researchers	2016	..
Estonia	Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices	2020	1,79
Estonia	Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices	2019	1,63
Estonia	Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices	2018	1,42
Estonia	Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices	2017	1,28
Estonia	Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices	2016	1,24
Estonia	R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees	2020	10,2
Estonia	R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees	2019	9,9
Estonia	R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees	2018	9,5
Estonia	R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees	2017	9,4
Estonia	R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees	2016	9,2
Estonia	Total researchers (head count)	2020	..
Estonia	Total researchers (head count)	2019	7.734
Estonia	Total researchers (head count)	2018	7.281
Estonia	Total researchers (head count)	2017	7.344
Estonia	Total researchers (head count)	2016	6.845
Estonia	Women as a percentage of all researchers	2020	..
Estonia	Women as a percentage of all researchers	2019	42,4
Estonia	Women as a percentage of all researchers	2018	43,9
Estonia	Women as a percentage of all researchers	2017	42,2
Estonia	Women as a percentage of all researchers	2016	43,6
Finland	Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices	2020	2,91
Finland	Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices	2019	2,8
Finland	Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices	2018	2,76
Finland	Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices	2017	2,73
Finland	Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices	2016	2,72
Finland	R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees	2020	20,4
Finland	R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees	2019	19,3
Finland	R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees	2018	19
Finland	R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees	2017	19,1
Finland	R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees	2016	18,7
Finland	Total researchers (head count)	2020	..
Finland	Total researchers (head count)	2019	58.291
Finland	Total researchers (head count)	2018	55.415
Finland	Total researchers (head count)	2017	54.139
Finland	Total researchers (head count)	2016	53.752
Finland	Women as a percentage of all researchers	2020	..
Finland	Women as a percentage of all researchers	2019	33,7
Finland	Women as a percentage of all researchers	2018	33,7
Finland	Women as a percentage of all researchers	2017	33,2
Finland	Women as a percentage of all researchers	2016	32,5
France	Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices	2020	2,35
France	Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices	2019	2,19
France	Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices	2018	2,2
France	Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices	2017	2,2
France	Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices	2016	2,22
France	R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees	2020	16,7
France	R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees	2019	16,2
France	R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees	2018	16,1
France	R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees	2017	15,9
France	R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees	2016	15,7
France	Total researchers (head count)	2020	..
France	Total researchers (head count)	2019	..
France	Total researchers (head count)	2018	429.959
France	Total researchers (head count)	2017	416.217
France	Total researchers (head count)	2016	396.594
France	Women as a percentage of all researchers	2020	..
France	Women as a percentage of all researchers	2019	..
France	Women as a percentage of all researchers	2018	..
France	Women as a percentage of all researchers	2017	28,3
France	Women as a percentage of all researchers	2016	28
Germany	Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices	2020	3,14
Germany	Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices	2019	3,17
Germany	Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices	2018	3,11
Germany	Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices	2017	3,05
Germany	Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices	2016	2,94
Germany	R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees	2020	16,4
Germany	R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees	2019	16,3
Germany	R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees	2018	15,8
Germany	R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees	2017	15,5
Germany	R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees	2016	15,1
Germany	Total researchers (head count)	2020	..
Germany	Total researchers (head count)	2019	667.394
Germany	Total researchers (head count)	2018	..
Germany	Total researchers (head count)	2017	623.125
Germany	Total researchers (head count)	2016	..
Germany	Women as a percentage of all researchers	2020	..
Germany	Women as a percentage of all researchers	2019	28,1
Germany	Women as a percentage of all researchers	2018	..
Germany	Women as a percentage of all researchers	2017	27,9
Germany	Women as a percentage of all researchers	2016	..
Greece	Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices	2020	1,5
Greece	Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices	2019	1,28
Greece	Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices	2018	1,21
Greece	Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices	2017	1,15
Greece	Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices	2016	1,01
Greece	R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees	2020	12,7
Greece	R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees	2019	11,8
Greece	R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees	2018	11,4
Greece	R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees	2017	10,7
Greece	R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees	2016	9,4
Greece	Total researchers (head count)	2020	..
Greece	Total researchers (head count)	2019	66.451
Greece	Total researchers (head count)	2018	..
Greece	Total researchers (head count)	2017	61.616
Greece	Total researchers (head count)	2016	..
Greece	Women as a percentage of all researchers	2020	..
Greece	Women as a percentage of all researchers	2019	39
Greece	Women as a percentage of all researchers	2018	..
Greece	Women as a percentage of all researchers	2017	37,8
Greece	Women as a percentage of all researchers	2016	..
Hungary	Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices	2020	1,61
Hungary	Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices	2019	1,48
Hungary	Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices	2018	1,51
Hungary	Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices	2017	1,32
Hungary	Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices	2016	1,18
Hungary	R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees	2020	12,8
Hungary	R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees	2019	12,1
Hungary	R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees	2018	11,7
Hungary	R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees	2017	8,9
Hungary	R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees	2016	8
Hungary	Total researchers (head count)	2020	..
Hungary	Total researchers (head count)	2019	58.091
Hungary	Total researchers (head count)	2018	54.970
Hungary	Total researchers (head count)	2017	42.729
Hungary	Total researchers (head count)	2016	38.915
Hungary	Women as a percentage of all researchers	2020	..
Hungary	Women as a percentage of all researchers	2019	30
Hungary	Women as a percentage of all researchers	2018	28
Hungary	Women as a percentage of all researchers	2017	30,5
Hungary	Women as a percentage of all researchers	2016	30,8
Iceland	Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices	2020	2,47
Iceland	Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices	2019	2,32
Iceland	Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices	2018	2
Iceland	Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices	2017	2,08
Iceland	Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices	2016	2,11
Iceland	R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees	2020	..
Iceland	R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees	2019	..
Iceland	R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees	2018	..
Iceland	R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees	2017	16,1
Iceland	R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees	2016	..
Iceland	Total researchers (head count)	2020	..
Iceland	Total researchers (head count)	2019	..
Iceland	Total researchers (head count)	2018	..
Iceland	Total researchers (head count)	2017	3.783
Iceland	Total researchers (head count)	2016	..
Iceland	Women as a percentage of all researchers	2020	..
Iceland	Women as a percentage of all researchers	2019	..
Iceland	Women as a percentage of all researchers	2018	..
Iceland	Women as a percentage of all researchers	2017	46,4
Iceland	Women as a percentage of all researchers	2016	..
Ireland	Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices	2020	1,23
Ireland	Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices	2019	1,23
Ireland	Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices	2018	1,17
Ireland	Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices	2017	1,26
Ireland	Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices	2016	1,18
Ireland	R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees	2020	14,7
Ireland	R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees	2019	14,1
Ireland	R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees	2018	14,2
Ireland	R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees	2017	15,8
Ireland	R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees	2016	16,5
Ireland	Total researchers (head count)	2020	..
Ireland	Total researchers (head count)	2019	37.003
Ireland	Total researchers (head count)	2018	..
Ireland	Total researchers (head count)	2017	34.721
Ireland	Total researchers (head count)	2016	..
Ireland	Women as a percentage of all researchers	2020	..
Ireland	Women as a percentage of all researchers	2019	38,1
Ireland	Women as a percentage of all researchers	2018	..
Ireland	Women as a percentage of all researchers	2017	36,3
Ireland	Women as a percentage of all researchers	2016	..
Israel	Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices	2020	5,44
Israel	Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices	2019	5,14
Israel	Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices	2018	4,8
Israel	Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices	2017	4,66
Israel	Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices	2016	4,51
Israel	R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees	2020	..
Israel	R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees	2019	..
Israel	R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees	2018	..
Israel	R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees	2017	..
Israel	R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees	2016	..
Israel	Total researchers (head count)	2020	..
Israel	Total researchers (head count)	2019	..
Israel	Total researchers (head count)	2018	..
Israel	Total researchers (head count)	2017	..
Israel	Total researchers (head count)	2016	..
Israel	Women as a percentage of all researchers	2020	..
Israel	Women as a percentage of all researchers	2019	..
Israel	Women as a percentage of all researchers	2018	..
Israel	Women as a percentage of all researchers	2017	..
Israel	Women as a percentage of all researchers	2016	..
Italy	Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices	2020	1,53
Italy	Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices	2019	1,46
Italy	Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices	2018	1,42
Italy	Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices	2017	1,37
Italy	Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices	2016	1,37
Italy	R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees	2020	14
Italy	R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees	2019	14
Italy	R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees	2018	13,6
Italy	R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees	2017	12,6
Italy	R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees	2016	11,7
Italy	Total researchers (head count)	2020	..
Italy	Total researchers (head count)	2019	222.165
Italy	Total researchers (head count)	2018	210.419
Italy	Total researchers (head count)	2017	195.560
Italy	Total researchers (head count)	2016	185.916
Italy	Women as a percentage of all researchers	2020	..
Italy	Women as a percentage of all researchers	2019	34,2
Italy	Women as a percentage of all researchers	2018	33,8
Italy	Women as a percentage of all researchers	2017	34,3
Italy	Women as a percentage of all researchers	2016	35,2
Japan	Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices	2020	3,27
Japan	Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices	2019	3,21
Japan	Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices	2018	3,22
Japan	Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices	2017	3,17
Japan	Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices	2016	3,11
Japan	R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees	2020	13,3
Japan	R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees	2019	13
Japan	R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees	2018	13,1
Japan	R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees	2017	13,2
Japan	R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees	2016	13
Japan	Total researchers (head count)	2020	951.726
Japan	Total researchers (head count)	2019	942.180
Japan	Total researchers (head count)	2018	935.658
Japan	Total researchers (head count)	2017	930.720
Japan	Total researchers (head count)	2016	917.725
Japan	Women as a percentage of all researchers	2020	17,5
Japan	Women as a percentage of all researchers	2019	16,9
Japan	Women as a percentage of all researchers	2018	16,6
Japan	Women as a percentage of all researchers	2017	16,2
Japan	Women as a percentage of all researchers	2016	15,7
Korea	Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices	2020	4,81
Korea	Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices	2019	4,63
Korea	Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices	2018	4,52
Korea	Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices	2017	4,29
Korea	Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices	2016	3,99
Korea	R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees	2020	20,3
Korea	R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees	2019	19,4
Korea	R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees	2018	18,7
Korea	R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees	2017	17,6
Korea	R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees	2016	16,9
Korea	Total researchers (head count)	2020	558.045
Korea	Total researchers (head count)	2019	538.136
Korea	Total researchers (head count)	2018	514.170
Korea	Total researchers (head count)	2017	482.796
Korea	Total researchers (head count)	2016	460.769
Korea	Women as a percentage of all researchers	2020	21,4
Korea	Women as a percentage of all researchers	2019	21
Korea	Women as a percentage of all researchers	2018	20,4
Korea	Women as a percentage of all researchers	2017	20,1
Korea	Women as a percentage of all researchers	2016	19,7
Latvia	Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices	2020	0,71
Latvia	Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices	2019	0,64
Latvia	Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices	2018	0,64
Latvia	Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices	2017	0,51
Latvia	Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices	2016	0,44
Latvia	R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees	2020	7,5
Latvia	R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees	2019	6,6
Latvia	R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees	2018	6,4
Latvia	R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees	2017	6,1
Latvia	R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees	2016	5,8
Latvia	Total researchers (head count)	2020	..
Latvia	Total researchers (head count)	2019	7.724
Latvia	Total researchers (head count)	2018	7.439
Latvia	Total researchers (head count)	2017	7.504
Latvia	Total researchers (head count)	2016	7.400
Latvia	Women as a percentage of all researchers	2020	..
Latvia	Women as a percentage of all researchers	2019	50,6
Latvia	Women as a percentage of all researchers	2018	50,7
Latvia	Women as a percentage of all researchers	2017	52,2
Latvia	Women as a percentage of all researchers	2016	52,2
Lithuania	Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices	2020	1,16
Lithuania	Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices	2019	0,99
Lithuania	Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices	2018	0,94
Lithuania	Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices	2017	0,9
Lithuania	Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices	2016	0,84
Lithuania	R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees	2020	10,5
Lithuania	R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees	2019	9,4
Lithuania	R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees	2018	8,7
Lithuania	R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees	2017	8,5
Lithuania	R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees	2016	8
Lithuania	Total researchers (head count)	2020	..
Lithuania	Total researchers (head count)	2019	18.811
Lithuania	Total researchers (head count)	2018	19.198
Lithuania	Total researchers (head count)	2017	18.767
Lithuania	Total researchers (head count)	2016	17.746
Lithuania	Women as a percentage of all researchers	2020	..
Lithuania	Women as a percentage of all researchers	2019	49,1
Lithuania	Women as a percentage of all researchers	2018	49
Lithuania	Women as a percentage of all researchers	2017	49,5
Lithuania	Women as a percentage of all researchers	2016	51,6
Luxembourg	Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices	2020	1,13
Luxembourg	Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices	2019	1,18
Luxembourg	Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices	2018	1,17
Luxembourg	Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices	2017	1,24
Luxembourg	Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices	2016	1,27
Luxembourg	R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees	2020	12
Luxembourg	R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees	2019	12,5
Luxembourg	R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees	2018	12,2
Luxembourg	R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees	2017	12,8
Luxembourg	R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees	2016	12,9
Luxembourg	Total researchers (head count)	2020	..
Luxembourg	Total researchers (head count)	2019	3.722
Luxembourg	Total researchers (head count)	2018	..
Luxembourg	Total researchers (head count)	2017	3.540
Luxembourg	Total researchers (head count)	2016	..
Luxembourg	Women as a percentage of all researchers	2020	..
Luxembourg	Women as a percentage of all researchers	2019	27,4
Luxembourg	Women as a percentage of all researchers	2018	..
Luxembourg	Women as a percentage of all researchers	2017	28,1
Luxembourg	Women as a percentage of all researchers	2016	..
Mexico	Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices	2020	0,3
Mexico	Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices	2019	0,28
Mexico	Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices	2018	0,31
Mexico	Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices	2017	0,33
Mexico	Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices	2016	0,39
Mexico	R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees	2020	1,9
Mexico	R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees	2019	1,7
Mexico	R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees	2018	1,6
Mexico	R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees	2017	1,7
Mexico	R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees	2016	1,7
Mexico	Total researchers (head count)	2020	62.356
Mexico	Total researchers (head count)	2019	58.013
Mexico	Total researchers (head count)	2018	54.539
Mexico	Total researchers (head count)	2017	54.578
Mexico	Total researchers (head count)	2016	54.357
Mexico	Women as a percentage of all researchers	2020	32,3
Mexico	Women as a percentage of all researchers	2019	32,8
Mexico	Women as a percentage of all researchers	2018	33,2
Mexico	Women as a percentage of all researchers	2017	33,5
Mexico	Women as a percentage of all researchers	2016	33,7
Netherlands	Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices	2020	2,29
Netherlands	Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices	2019	2,18
Netherlands	Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices	2018	2,14
Netherlands	Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices	2017	2,18
Netherlands	Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices	2016	2,15
Netherlands	R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees	2020	16,9
Netherlands	R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees	2019	16,7
Netherlands	R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees	2018	16,7
Netherlands	R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees	2017	16,4
Netherlands	R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees	2016	16,2
Netherlands	Total researchers (head count)	2020	..
Netherlands	Total researchers (head count)	2019	136.034
Netherlands	Total researchers (head count)	2018	130.153
Netherlands	Total researchers (head count)	2017	124.834
Netherlands	Total researchers (head count)	2016	124.568
Netherlands	Women as a percentage of all researchers	2020	..
Netherlands	Women as a percentage of all researchers	2019	27,9
Netherlands	Women as a percentage of all researchers	2018	27
Netherlands	Women as a percentage of all researchers	2017	26,1
Netherlands	Women as a percentage of all researchers	2016	26,1
New Zealand	Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices	2020	..
New Zealand	Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices	2019	1,41
New Zealand	Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices	2018	..
New Zealand	Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices	2017	1,35
New Zealand	Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices	2016	..
New Zealand	R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees	2020	..
New Zealand	R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees	2019	14,8
New Zealand	R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees	2018	..
New Zealand	R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees	2017	13,4
New Zealand	R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees	2016	..
New Zealand	Total researchers (head count)	2020	..
New Zealand	Total researchers (head count)	2019	44.000
New Zealand	Total researchers (head count)	2018	..
New Zealand	Total researchers (head count)	2017	40.000
New Zealand	Total researchers (head count)	2016	..
New Zealand	Women as a percentage of all researchers	2020	..
New Zealand	Women as a percentage of all researchers	2019	..
New Zealand	Women as a percentage of all researchers	2018	..
New Zealand	Women as a percentage of all researchers	2017	..
New Zealand	Women as a percentage of all researchers	2016	..
Norway	Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices	2020	2,28
Norway	Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices	2019	2,16
Norway	Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices	2018	2,05
Norway	Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices	2017	2,1
Norway	Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices	2016	2,04
Norway	R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees	2020	17,5
Norway	R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees	2019	17,2
Norway	R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees	2018	16,7
Norway	R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees	2017	16,8
Norway	R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees	2016	16,2
Norway	Total researchers (head count)	2020	..
Norway	Total researchers (head count)	2019	61.657
Norway	Total researchers (head count)	2018	59.629
Norway	Total researchers (head count)	2017	57.934
Norway	Total researchers (head count)	2016	54.601
Norway	Women as a percentage of all researchers	2020	..
Norway	Women as a percentage of all researchers	2019	38,6
Norway	Women as a percentage of all researchers	2018	38,8
Norway	Women as a percentage of all researchers	2017	38,1
Norway	Women as a percentage of all researchers	2016	37,6
Poland	Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices	2020	1,39
Poland	Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices	2019	1,32
Poland	Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices	2018	1,21
Poland	Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices	2017	1,03
Poland	Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices	2016	0,96
Poland	R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees	2020	10,6
Poland	R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees	2019	10
Poland	R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees	2018	9,9
Poland	R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees	2017	8,8
Poland	R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees	2016	6,9
Poland	Total researchers (head count)	2020	..
Poland	Total researchers (head count)	2019	194.607
Poland	Total researchers (head count)	2018	192.833
Poland	Total researchers (head count)	2017	187.905
Poland	Total researchers (head count)	2016	132.547
Poland	Women as a percentage of all researchers	2020	..
Poland	Women as a percentage of all researchers	2019	37,6
Poland	Women as a percentage of all researchers	2018	37,9
Poland	Women as a percentage of all researchers	2017	38,1
Poland	Women as a percentage of all researchers	2016	36,4
Portugal	Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices	2020	1,62
Portugal	Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices	2019	1,4
Portugal	Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices	2018	1,35
Portugal	Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices	2017	1,32
Portugal	Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices	2016	1,28
Portugal	R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees	2020	13,6
Portugal	R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees	2019	12,4
Portugal	R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees	2018	11,8
Portugal	R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees	2017	11,5
Portugal	R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees	2016	10,8
Portugal	Total researchers (head count)	2020	104.681
Portugal	Total researchers (head count)	2019	100.823
Portugal	Total researchers (head count)	2018	96.123
Portugal	Total researchers (head count)	2017	89.659
Portugal	Total researchers (head count)	2016	85.780
Portugal	Women as a percentage of all researchers	2020	42,5
Portugal	Women as a percentage of all researchers	2019	42,8
Portugal	Women as a percentage of all researchers	2018	43,3
Portugal	Women as a percentage of all researchers	2017	43,7
Portugal	Women as a percentage of all researchers	2016	43,5
Slovak Republic	Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices	2020	0,91
Slovak Republic	Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices	2019	0,83
Slovak Republic	Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices	2018	0,84
Slovak Republic	Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices	2017	0,89
Slovak Republic	Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices	2016	0,79
Slovak Republic	R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees	2020	9,3
Slovak Republic	R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees	2019	8,7
Slovak Republic	R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees	2018	8,4
Slovak Republic	R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees	2017	8
Slovak Republic	R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees	2016	7,7
Slovak Republic	Total researchers (head count)	2020	28.696
Slovak Republic	Total researchers (head count)	2019	28.851
Slovak Republic	Total researchers (head count)	2018	28.755
Slovak Republic	Total researchers (head count)	2017	26.861
Slovak Republic	Total researchers (head count)	2016	26.720
Slovak Republic	Women as a percentage of all researchers	2020	41,1
Slovak Republic	Women as a percentage of all researchers	2019	41
Slovak Republic	Women as a percentage of all researchers	2018	41,2
Slovak Republic	Women as a percentage of all researchers	2017	41,9
Slovak Republic	Women as a percentage of all researchers	2016	41,4
Slovenia	Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices	2020	2,15
Slovenia	Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices	2019	2,05
Slovenia	Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices	2018	1,95
Slovenia	Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices	2017	1,87
Slovenia	Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices	2016	2,01
Slovenia	R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees	2020	15,2
Slovenia	R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees	2019	16,2
Slovenia	R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees	2018	15,4
Slovenia	R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees	2017	14,9
Slovenia	R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees	2016	15
Slovenia	Total researchers (head count)	2020	..
Slovenia	Total researchers (head count)	2019	15.925
Slovenia	Total researchers (head count)	2018	15.388
Slovenia	Total researchers (head count)	2017	14.079
Slovenia	Total researchers (head count)	2016	11.282
Slovenia	Women as a percentage of all researchers	2020	..
Slovenia	Women as a percentage of all researchers	2019	33,3
Slovenia	Women as a percentage of all researchers	2018	32,5
Slovenia	Women as a percentage of all researchers	2017	32,3
Slovenia	Women as a percentage of all researchers	2016	34,5
Spain	Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices	2020	1,41
Spain	Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices	2019	1,25
Spain	Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices	2018	1,24
Spain	Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices	2017	1,21
Spain	Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices	2016	1,19
Spain	R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees	2020	11,9
Spain	R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees	2019	11,4
Spain	R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees	2018	11,4
Spain	R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees	2017	11,1
Spain	R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees	2016	10,9
Spain	Total researchers (head count)	2020	..
Spain	Total researchers (head count)	2019	241.372
Spain	Total researchers (head count)	2018	234.798
Spain	Total researchers (head count)	2017	225.995
Spain	Total researchers (head count)	2016	218.680
Spain	Women as a percentage of all researchers	2020	..
Spain	Women as a percentage of all researchers	2019	41,3
Spain	Women as a percentage of all researchers	2018	40,8
Spain	Women as a percentage of all researchers	2017	40,5
Spain	Women as a percentage of all researchers	2016	40,2
Sweden	Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices	2020	3,53
Sweden	Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices	2019	3,39
Sweden	Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices	2018	3,32
Sweden	Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices	2017	3,36
Sweden	Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices	2016	3,25
Sweden	R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees	2020	18,9
Sweden	R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees	2019	18
Sweden	R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees	2018	18
Sweden	R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees	2017	17,7
Sweden	R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees	2016	18,5
Sweden	Total researchers (head count)	2020	..
Sweden	Total researchers (head count)	2019	111.179
Sweden	Total researchers (head count)	2018	..
Sweden	Total researchers (head count)	2017	107.042
Sweden	Total researchers (head count)	2016	..
Sweden	Women as a percentage of all researchers	2020	..
Sweden	Women as a percentage of all researchers	2019	33,3
Sweden	Women as a percentage of all researchers	2018	..
Sweden	Women as a percentage of all researchers	2017	32,6
Sweden	Women as a percentage of all researchers	2016	..
Switzerland	Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices	2020	..
Switzerland	Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices	2019	3,15
Switzerland	Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices	2018	..
Switzerland	Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices	2017	3,03
Switzerland	Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices	2016	..
Switzerland	R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees	2020	..
Switzerland	R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees	2019	16,9
Switzerland	R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees	2018	..
Switzerland	R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees	2017	15,8
Switzerland	R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees	2016	..
Switzerland	Total researchers (head count)	2020	..
Switzerland	Total researchers (head count)	2019	77.492
Switzerland	Total researchers (head count)	2018	..
Switzerland	Total researchers (head count)	2017	71.657
Switzerland	Total researchers (head count)	2016	..
Switzerland	Women as a percentage of all researchers	2020	..
Switzerland	Women as a percentage of all researchers	2019	35,8
Switzerland	Women as a percentage of all researchers	2018	..
Switzerland	Women as a percentage of all researchers	2017	35,2
Switzerland	Women as a percentage of all researchers	2016	..
Turkey	Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices	2020	1,09
Turkey	Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices	2019	1,06
Turkey	Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices	2018	1,03
Turkey	Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices	2017	0,95
Turkey	Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices	2016	0,94
Turkey	R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees	2020	7,5
Turkey	R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees	2019	6,6
Turkey	R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees	2018	6
Turkey	R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees	2017	5,5
Turkey	R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees	2016	5,1
Turkey	Total researchers (head count)	2020	257.930
Turkey	Total researchers (head count)	2019	243.773
Turkey	Total researchers (head count)	2018	230.030
Turkey	Total researchers (head count)	2017	210.769
Turkey	Total researchers (head count)	2016	191.769
Turkey	Women as a percentage of all researchers	2020	36,7
Turkey	Women as a percentage of all researchers	2019	37
Turkey	Women as a percentage of all researchers	2018	36,8
Turkey	Women as a percentage of all researchers	2017	37
Turkey	Women as a percentage of all researchers	2016	36,7
The United Kingdom	Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices	2020	..
The United Kingdom	Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices	2019	1,71
The United Kingdom	Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices	2018	1,7
The United Kingdom	Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices	2017	1,66
The United Kingdom	Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices	2016	1,64
The United Kingdom	R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees	2020	..
The United Kingdom	R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees	2019	14,5
The United Kingdom	R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees	2018	14,3
The United Kingdom	R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees	2017	13,8
The United Kingdom	R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees	2016	13,1
The United Kingdom	Total researchers (head count)	2020	..
The United Kingdom	Total researchers (head count)	2019	548.498
The United Kingdom	Total researchers (head count)	2018	535.477
The United Kingdom	Total researchers (head count)	2017	520.936
The United Kingdom	Total researchers (head count)	2016	510.980
The United Kingdom	Women as a percentage of all researchers	2020	..
The United Kingdom	Women as a percentage of all researchers	2019	39
The United Kingdom	Women as a percentage of all researchers	2018	38,6
The United Kingdom	Women as a percentage of all researchers	2017	38,7
The United Kingdom	Women as a percentage of all researchers	2016	38,7
The United States	Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices	2020	3,45
The United States	Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices	2019	3,18
The United States	Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices	2018	3,01
The United States	Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices	2017	2,91
The United States	Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices	2016	2,85
The United States	R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees	2020	..
The United States	R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees	2019	..
The United States	R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees	2018	..
The United States	R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees	2017	..
The United States	R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees	2016	..
The United States	Total researchers (head count)	2020	..
The United States	Total researchers (head count)	2019	..
The United States	Total researchers (head count)	2018	..
The United States	Total researchers (head count)	2017	..
The United States	Total researchers (head count)	2016	..
The United States	Women as a percentage of all researchers	2020	..
The United States	Women as a percentage of all researchers	2019	..
The United States	Women as a percentage of all researchers	2018	..
The United States	Women as a percentage of all researchers	2017	..
The United States	Women as a percentage of all researchers	2016	..
Total OECD	Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices	2020	2,68
Total OECD	Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices	2019	2,51
Total OECD	Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices	2018	2,44
Total OECD	Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices	2017	2,37
Total OECD	Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices	2016	2,33
Total OECD	R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees	2020	..
Total OECD	R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees	2019	..
Total OECD	R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees	2018	..
Total OECD	R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees	2017	..
Total OECD	R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees	2016	..
Total OECD	Total researchers (head count)	2020	..
Total OECD	Total researchers (head count)	2019	..
Total OECD	Total researchers (head count)	2018	..
Total OECD	Total researchers (head count)	2017	..
Total OECD	Total researchers (head count)	2016	..
Total OECD	Women as a percentage of all researchers	2020	..
Total OECD	Women as a percentage of all researchers	2019	..
Total OECD	Women as a percentage of all researchers	2018	..
Total OECD	Women as a percentage of all researchers	2017	..
Total OECD	Women as a percentage of all researchers	2016	..
European Union - 27 countries (since 02/01/2020)	Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices	2020	2,2
European Union - 27 countries (since 02/01/2020)	Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices	2019	2,11
European Union - 27 countries (since 02/01/2020)	Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices	2018	2,07
European Union - 27 countries (since 02/01/2020)	Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices	2017	2,03
European Union - 27 countries (since 02/01/2020)	Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices	2016	1,99
European Union - 27 countries (since 02/01/2020)	R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees	2020	14,4
European Union - 27 countries (since 02/01/2020)	R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees	2019	14
European Union - 27 countries (since 02/01/2020)	R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees	2018	13,7
European Union - 27 countries (since 02/01/2020)	R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees	2017	13,2
European Union - 27 countries (since 02/01/2020)	R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees	2016	12,7
European Union - 27 countries (since 02/01/2020)	Total researchers (head count)	2020	..
European Union - 27 countries (since 02/01/2020)	Total researchers (head count)	2019	..
European Union - 27 countries (since 02/01/2020)	Total researchers (head count)	2018	..
European Union - 27 countries (since 02/01/2020)	Total researchers (head count)	2017	..
European Union - 27 countries (since 02/01/2020)	Total researchers (head count)	2016	..
European Union - 27 countries (since 02/01/2020)	Women as a percentage of all researchers	2020	..
European Union - 27 countries (since 02/01/2020)	Women as a percentage of all researchers	2019	..
European Union - 27 countries (since 02/01/2020)	Women as a percentage of all researchers	2018	..
European Union - 27 countries (since 02/01/2020)	Women as a percentage of all researchers	2017	..
European Union - 27 countries (since 02/01/2020)	Women as a percentage of all researchers	2016	..
Argentina	Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices	2020	..
Argentina	Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices	2019	0,46
Argentina	Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices	2018	0,5
Argentina	Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices	2017	0,56
Argentina	Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices	2016	0,53
Argentina	R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees	2020	..
Argentina	R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees	2019	4,5
Argentina	R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees	2018	4,5
Argentina	R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees	2017	4,4
Argentina	R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees	2016	4,5
Argentina	Total researchers (head count)	2020	..
Argentina	Total researchers (head count)	2019	90.747
Argentina	Total researchers (head count)	2018	88.872
Argentina	Total researchers (head count)	2017	84.284
Argentina	Total researchers (head count)	2016	86.562
Argentina	Women as a percentage of all researchers	2020	..
Argentina	Women as a percentage of all researchers	2019	53
Argentina	Women as a percentage of all researchers	2018	53,3
Argentina	Women as a percentage of all researchers	2017	53,8
Argentina	Women as a percentage of all researchers	2016	53
China	Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices	2020	2,4
China	Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices	2019	2,23
China	Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices	2018	2,14
China	Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices	2017	2,12
China	Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices	2016	2,1
China	R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees	2020	7
China	R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees	2019	6,4
China	R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees	2018	5,8
China	R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees	2017	5,3
China	R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees	2016	5,1
China	Total researchers (head count)	2020	..
China	Total researchers (head count)	2019	..
China	Total researchers (head count)	2018	..
China	Total researchers (head count)	2017	..
China	Total researchers (head count)	2016	..
China	Women as a percentage of all researchers	2020	..
China	Women as a percentage of all researchers	2019	..
China	Women as a percentage of all researchers	2018	..
China	Women as a percentage of all researchers	2017	..
China	Women as a percentage of all researchers	2016	..
Romania	Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices	2020	0,47
Romania	Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices	2019	0,48
Romania	Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices	2018	0,5
Romania	Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices	2017	0,5
Romania	Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices	2016	0,48
Romania	R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees	2020	3,9
Romania	R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees	2019	3,7
Romania	R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees	2018	3,7
Romania	R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees	2017	3,8
Romania	R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees	2016	3,8
Romania	Total researchers (head count)	2020	..
Romania	Total researchers (head count)	2019	27.168
Romania	Total researchers (head count)	2018	27.471
Romania	Total researchers (head count)	2017	27.367
Romania	Total researchers (head count)	2016	27.801
Romania	Women as a percentage of all researchers	2020	..
Romania	Women as a percentage of all researchers	2019	46,9
Romania	Women as a percentage of all researchers	2018	46,2
Romania	Women as a percentage of all researchers	2017	46,7
Romania	Women as a percentage of all researchers	2016	45,8
Russian Federation	Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices	2020	1,1
Russian Federation	Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices	2019	1,04
Russian Federation	Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices	2018	0,99
Russian Federation	Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices	2017	1,11
Russian Federation	Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices	2016	1,1
Russian Federation	R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees	2020	10,6
Russian Federation	R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees	2019	10,5
Russian Federation	R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees	2018	10,5
Russian Federation	R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees	2017	10,8
Russian Federation	R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees	2016	11,1
Russian Federation	Total researchers (head count)	2020	346.497
Russian Federation	Total researchers (head count)	2019	348.221
Russian Federation	Total researchers (head count)	2018	347.854
Russian Federation	Total researchers (head count)	2017	359.793
Russian Federation	Total researchers (head count)	2016	370.379
Russian Federation	Women as a percentage of all researchers	2020	38,8
Russian Federation	Women as a percentage of all researchers	2019	39,1
Russian Federation	Women as a percentage of all researchers	2018	39,2
Russian Federation	Women as a percentage of all researchers	2017	39,5
Russian Federation	Women as a percentage of all researchers	2016	40
Singapore	Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices	2020	..
Singapore	Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices	2019	1,89
Singapore	Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices	2018	1,81
Singapore	Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices	2017	1,9
Singapore	Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices	2016	2,07
Singapore	R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees	2020	..
Singapore	R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees	2019	12,8
Singapore	R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees	2018	12,1
Singapore	R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees	2017	12,1
Singapore	R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees	2016	12,3
Singapore	Total researchers (head count)	2020	..
Singapore	Total researchers (head count)	2019	46.125
Singapore	Total researchers (head count)	2018	43.329
Singapore	Total researchers (head count)	2017	42.838
Singapore	Total researchers (head count)	2016	43.177
Singapore	Women as a percentage of all researchers	2020	..
Singapore	Women as a percentage of all researchers	2019	30,8
Singapore	Women as a percentage of all researchers	2018	30,8
Singapore	Women as a percentage of all researchers	2017	30,7
Singapore	Women as a percentage of all researchers	2016	30,7
South Africa	Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices	2020	..
South Africa	Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices	2019	..
South Africa	Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices	2018	..
South Africa	Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices	2017	0,83
South Africa	Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices	2016	0,82
South Africa	R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees	2020	..
South Africa	R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees	2019	..
South Africa	R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees	2018	..
South Africa	R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees	2017	2,7
South Africa	R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees	2016	2,7
South Africa	Total researchers (head count)	2020	..
South Africa	Total researchers (head count)	2019	..
South Africa	Total researchers (head count)	2018	..
South Africa	Total researchers (head count)	2017	61.840
South Africa	Total researchers (head count)	2016	56.761
South Africa	Women as a percentage of all researchers	2020	..
South Africa	Women as a percentage of all researchers	2019	..
South Africa	Women as a percentage of all researchers	2018	..
South Africa	Women as a percentage of all researchers	2017	44,9
South Africa	Women as a percentage of all researchers	2016	45,1
Chinese Taipei	Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices	2020	3,64
Chinese Taipei	Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices	2019	3,49
Chinese Taipei	Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices	2018	3,35
Chinese Taipei	Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices	2017	3,19
Chinese Taipei	Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices	2016	3,09
Chinese Taipei	R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees	2020	24,3
Chinese Taipei	R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees	2019	23,6
Chinese Taipei	R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees	2018	22,9
Chinese Taipei	R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees	2017	22,5
Chinese Taipei	R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees	2016	22,2
Chinese Taipei	Total researchers (head count)	2020	203.970
Chinese Taipei	Total researchers (head count)	2019	199.144
Chinese Taipei	Total researchers (head count)	2018	193.035
Chinese Taipei	Total researchers (head count)	2017	187.971
Chinese Taipei	Total researchers (head count)	2016	184.898
Chinese Taipei	Women as a percentage of all researchers	2020	22,9
Chinese Taipei	Women as a percentage of all researchers	2019	22,7
Chinese Taipei	Women as a percentage of all researchers	2018	22,6
Chinese Taipei	Women as a percentage of all researchers	2017	22,6
Chinese Taipei	Women as a percentage of all researchers	2016	22,3