Sector of performance;years;Total
GDPpm;2021(P);1,222,290
GDPpm;2020;1,119,010
GDPpm;2019;1,245,513
GDPpm;2018;1,203,859
GDPpm;2017;1,162,492
GDPpm;2016;1,114,420
GDPpm;2015;1,078,092
GDPpm;2014;1,032,608
GDPpm;2013;1,020,677
GDPpm;2012 (****);1,031,104
GDPpm;2012;1,029,279
GDPpm;2011;1,046,327
GDPpm;2010;1,045,620
GDPpm;2009 (***);1,046,894
GDPpm;2009;1,053,914
GDPpm;2008;1,088,124
GDPpm;2007;1,053,537
GDPpm;2006;984,284
GDPpm;2005;908,792
GDPpm;2004;841,042
GDPpm;2003;782,929
GDPpm;2002;729,206
GDPpm;2001(**);680,678
GDPpm;2001;680,678
GDPpm;2000 (*);630,263
GDPpm;2000;610,541
GDPpm;1999;565,419
GDPpm;1998;527,975
GDPpm;1997;494,140
GDPpm;1996;464,251
GDPpm;1995;437,787
GDPpm;1994;64,812
GDPpm;1993;60,953
GDPpm;1992;59,105
GDPpm;1991;54,927
GDPpm;1990;50,145
GDPpm;1989;45,044
GDPpm;1988;40,159
GDPpm;1987;36,144
GDPpm;1986;32,324
GDPpm;1985;28,201
GDPpm;1984;25,520
GDPpm;1983;22,532
GDPpm;1982;19,723
GDPpm;1981;17,045
(R&D expenditure/GDP)*100: Total;2021(P);1.41
(R&D expenditure/GDP)*100: Total;2020;1.41
(R&D expenditure/GDP)*100: Total;2019;1.25
(R&D expenditure/GDP)*100: Total;2018;1.24
(R&D expenditure/GDP)*100: Total;2017;1.21
(R&D expenditure/GDP)*100: Total;2016;1.19
(R&D expenditure/GDP)*100: Total;2015;1.22
(R&D expenditure/GDP)*100: Total;2014;1.24
(R&D expenditure/GDP)*100: Total;2013;1.27
(R&D expenditure/GDP)*100: Total;2012 (****);1.30
(R&D expenditure/GDP)*100: Total;2012;1.30
(R&D expenditure/GDP)*100: Total;2011;1.36
(R&D expenditure/GDP)*100: Total;2010;1.40
(R&D expenditure/GDP)*100: Total;2009 (***);1.39
(R&D expenditure/GDP)*100: Total;2009;1.38
(R&D expenditure/GDP)*100: Total;2008;1.35
(R&D expenditure/GDP)*100: Total;2007;1.27
(R&D expenditure/GDP)*100: Total;2006;1.20
(R&D expenditure/GDP)*100: Total;2005;1.12
(R&D expenditure/GDP)*100: Total;2004;1.06
(R&D expenditure/GDP)*100: Total;2003;1.05
(R&D expenditure/GDP)*100: Total;2002;0.99
(R&D expenditure/GDP)*100: Total;2001(**);0.95
(R&D expenditure/GDP)*100: Total;2001;0.91
(R&D expenditure/GDP)*100: Total;2000 (*);0.91
(R&D expenditure/GDP)*100: Total;2000;0.94
(R&D expenditure/GDP)*100: Total;1999;0.88
(R&D expenditure/GDP)*100: Total;1998;0.89
(R&D expenditure/GDP)*100: Total;1997;0.82
(R&D expenditure/GDP)*100: Total;1996;0.83
(R&D expenditure/GDP)*100: Total;1995;0.81
(R&D expenditure/GDP)*100: Total;1994;0.85
(R&D expenditure/GDP)*100: Total;1993;0.91
(R&D expenditure/GDP)*100: Total;1992;0.91
(R&D expenditure/GDP)*100: Total;1991;0.87
(R&D expenditure/GDP)*100: Total;1990;0.85
(R&D expenditure/GDP)*100: Total;1989;0.75
(R&D expenditure/GDP)*100: Total;1988;0.72
(R&D expenditure/GDP)*100: Total;1987;0.64
(R&D expenditure/GDP)*100: Total;1986;0.61
(R&D expenditure/GDP)*100: Total;1985;0.55
(R&D expenditure/GDP)*100: Total;1984;0.50
(R&D expenditure/GDP)*100: Total;1983;0.48
(R&D expenditure/GDP)*100: Total;1982;0.49
(R&D expenditure/GDP)*100: Total;1981;0.43
(R&D expenditure/GDP)*100: Government;2021(P);0.24
(R&D expenditure/GDP)*100: Government;2020;0.25
(R&D expenditure/GDP)*100: Government;2019;0.21
(R&D expenditure/GDP)*100: Government;2018;0.21
(R&D expenditure/GDP)*100: Government;2017;0.21
(R&D expenditure/GDP)*100: Government;2016;0.22
(R&D expenditure/GDP)*100: Government;2015;0.23
(R&D expenditure/GDP)*100: Government;2014;0.23
(R&D expenditure/GDP)*100: Government;2013;0.24
(R&D expenditure/GDP)*100: Government;2012 (****);0.25
(R&D expenditure/GDP)*100: Government;2012;0.25
(R&D expenditure/GDP)*100: Government;2011;0.26
(R&D expenditure/GDP)*100: Government;2010;0.28
(R&D expenditure/GDP)*100: Government;2009 (***);0.28
(R&D expenditure/GDP)*100: Government;2009;0.28
(R&D expenditure/GDP)*100: Government;2008;0.25
(R&D expenditure/GDP)*100: Government;2007;0.22
(R&D expenditure/GDP)*100: Government;2006;0.20
(R&D expenditure/GDP)*100: Government;2005;0.19
(R&D expenditure/GDP)*100: Government;2004;0.17
(R&D expenditure/GDP)*100: Government;2003;0.16
(R&D expenditure/GDP)*100: Government;2002;0.15
(R&D expenditure/GDP)*100: Government;2001(**);0.15
(R&D expenditure/GDP)*100: Government;2001;0.15
(R&D expenditure/GDP)*100: Government;2000 (*);0.14
(R&D expenditure/GDP)*100: Government;2000;0.15
(R&D expenditure/GDP)*100: Government;1999;0.15
(R&D expenditure/GDP)*100: Government;1998;0.15
(R&D expenditure/GDP)*100: Government;1997;0.14
(R&D expenditure/GDP)*100: Government;1996;0.15
(R&D expenditure/GDP)*100: Government;1995;0.15
(R&D expenditure/GDP)*100: Government;1994;0.17
(R&D expenditure/GDP)*100: Government;1993;0.18
(R&D expenditure/GDP)*100: Government;1992;0.18
(R&D expenditure/GDP)*100: Government;1991;0.19
(R&D expenditure/GDP)*100: Government;1990;0.18
(R&D expenditure/GDP)*100: Government;1989;0.17
(R&D expenditure/GDP)*100: Government;1988;0.17
(R&D expenditure/GDP)*100: Government;1987;0.16
(R&D expenditure/GDP)*100: Government;1986;0.15
(R&D expenditure/GDP)*100: Government;1985;0.13
(R&D expenditure/GDP)*100: Government;1984;0.13
(R&D expenditure/GDP)*100: Government;1983;0.14
(R&D expenditure/GDP)*100: Government;1982;0.14
(R&D expenditure/GDP)*100: Government;1981;0.14
(R&D expenditure/GDP)*100: Higher education;2021(P);0.38
(R&D expenditure/GDP)*100: Higher education;2020;0.38
(R&D expenditure/GDP)*100: Higher education;2019;0.33
(R&D expenditure/GDP)*100: Higher education;2018;0.33
(R&D expenditure/GDP)*100: Higher education;2017;0.33
(R&D expenditure/GDP)*100: Higher education;2016;0.33
(R&D expenditure/GDP)*100: Higher education;2015;0.34
(R&D expenditure/GDP)*100: Higher education;2014;0.35
(R&D expenditure/GDP)*100: Higher education;2013;0.36
(R&D expenditure/GDP)*100: Higher education;2012 (****);0.36
(R&D expenditure/GDP)*100: Higher education;2012;0.36
(R&D expenditure/GDP)*100: Higher education;2011;0.38
(R&D expenditure/GDP)*100: Higher education;2010;0.39
(R&D expenditure/GDP)*100: Higher education;2009 (***);0.39
(R&D expenditure/GDP)*100: Higher education;2009;0.39
(R&D expenditure/GDP)*100: Higher education;2008;0.36
(R&D expenditure/GDP)*100: Higher education;2007;0.33
(R&D expenditure/GDP)*100: Higher education;2006;0.33
(R&D expenditure/GDP)*100: Higher education;2005;0.33
(R&D expenditure/GDP)*100: Higher education;2004;0.31
(R&D expenditure/GDP)*100: Higher education;2003;0.32
(R&D expenditure/GDP)*100: Higher education;2002;0.29
(R&D expenditure/GDP)*100: Higher education;2001(**);0.28
(R&D expenditure/GDP)*100: Higher education;2001;0.28
(R&D expenditure/GDP)*100: Higher education;2000 (*);0.27
(R&D expenditure/GDP)*100: Higher education;2000;0.28
(R&D expenditure/GDP)*100: Higher education;1999;0.27
(R&D expenditure/GDP)*100: Higher education;1998;0.27
(R&D expenditure/GDP)*100: Higher education;1997;0.27
(R&D expenditure/GDP)*100: Higher education;1996;0.27
(R&D expenditure/GDP)*100: Higher education;1995;0.26
(R&D expenditure/GDP)*100: Higher education;1994;0.27
(R&D expenditure/GDP)*100: Higher education;1993;0.28
(R&D expenditure/GDP)*100: Higher education;1992;0.26
(R&D expenditure/GDP)*100: Higher education;1991;0.19
(R&D expenditure/GDP)*100: Higher education;1990;0.17
(R&D expenditure/GDP)*100: Higher education;1989;0.15
(R&D expenditure/GDP)*100: Higher education;1988;0.14
(R&D expenditure/GDP)*100: Higher education;1987;0.12
(R&D expenditure/GDP)*100: Higher education;1986;0.12
(R&D expenditure/GDP)*100: Higher education;1985;0.11
(R&D expenditure/GDP)*100: Higher education;1984;0.11
(R&D expenditure/GDP)*100: Higher education;1983;0.11
(R&D expenditure/GDP)*100: Higher education;1982;0.11
(R&D expenditure/GDP)*100: Higher education;1981;0.10
(R&D expenditure/GDP)*100: Enterprises and PNP;2021(P);0.81
(R&D expenditure/GDP)*100: Enterprises and PNP;2020;0.79
(R&D expenditure/GDP)*100: Enterprises and PNP;2019;0.71
(R&D expenditure/GDP)*100: Enterprises and PNP;2018;0.70
(R&D expenditure/GDP)*100: Enterprises and PNP;2017;0.67
(R&D expenditure/GDP)*100: Enterprises and PNP;2016;0.64
(R&D expenditure/GDP)*100: Enterprises and PNP;2015;0.64
(R&D expenditure/GDP)*100: Enterprises and PNP;2014;0.66
(R&D expenditure/GDP)*100: Enterprises and PNP;2013;0.68
(R&D expenditure/GDP)*100: Enterprises and PNP;2012 (****);0.69
(R&D expenditure/GDP)*100: Enterprises and PNP;2012;0.69
(R&D expenditure/GDP)*100: Enterprises and PNP;2011;0.71
(R&D expenditure/GDP)*100: Enterprises and PNP;2010;0.72
(R&D expenditure/GDP)*100: Enterprises and PNP;2009 (***);0.73
(R&D expenditure/GDP)*100: Enterprises and PNP;2009;0.72
(R&D expenditure/GDP)*100: Enterprises and PNP;2008;0.74
(R&D expenditure/GDP)*100: Enterprises and PNP;2007;0.71
(R&D expenditure/GDP)*100: Enterprises and PNP;2006;0.67
(R&D expenditure/GDP)*100: Enterprises and PNP;2005;0.61
(R&D expenditure/GDP)*100: Enterprises and PNP;2004;0.58
(R&D expenditure/GDP)*100: Enterprises and PNP;2003;0.57
(R&D expenditure/GDP)*100: Enterprises and PNP;2002;0.54
(R&D expenditure/GDP)*100: Enterprises and PNP;2001(**);0.53
(R&D expenditure/GDP)*100: Enterprises and PNP;2001;0.49
(R&D expenditure/GDP)*100: Enterprises and PNP;2000 (*);0.50
(R&D expenditure/GDP)*100: Enterprises and PNP;2000;0.51
(R&D expenditure/GDP)*100: Enterprises and PNP;1999;0.47
(R&D expenditure/GDP)*100: Enterprises and PNP;1998;0.48
(R&D expenditure/GDP)*100: Enterprises and PNP;1997;0.41
(R&D expenditure/GDP)*100: Enterprises and PNP;1996;0.41
(R&D expenditure/GDP)*100: Enterprises and PNP;1995;0.40
(R&D expenditure/GDP)*100: Enterprises and PNP;1994;0.41
(R&D expenditure/GDP)*100: Enterprises and PNP;1993;0.45
(R&D expenditure/GDP)*100: Enterprises and PNP;1992;0.47
(R&D expenditure/GDP)*100: Enterprises and PNP;1991;0.49
(R&D expenditure/GDP)*100: Enterprises and PNP;1990;0.50
(R&D expenditure/GDP)*100: Enterprises and PNP;1989;0.43
(R&D expenditure/GDP)*100: Enterprises and PNP;1988;0.41
(R&D expenditure/GDP)*100: Enterprises and PNP;1987;0.36
(R&D expenditure/GDP)*100: Enterprises and PNP;1986;0.34
(R&D expenditure/GDP)*100: Enterprises and PNP;1985;0.31
(R&D expenditure/GDP)*100: Enterprises and PNP;1984;0.26
(R&D expenditure/GDP)*100: Enterprises and PNP;1983;0.23
(R&D expenditure/GDP)*100: Enterprises and PNP;1982;0.24
(R&D expenditure/GDP)*100: Enterprises and PNP;1981;0.19