Field or discipline Period Total Total 1997 672,017 Total 1996(2) 641,024 Total 1995 590,688 Total 1994(2) 548,154 Total 1993 557,403 Total 1992 539,919 Total 1991 479,372 Total 1990 425,829 Total 1989 339,324 Total 1988 287,689 Total 1987 230,509 Total 1986 197,676 Total 1985(1) 155,341 Total 1984(1) 126,199 Total 1983(1) 107,664 Total 1982(1) 96,002 Total 1981(1) 72,813 Total 1980(1) 65,090 Exact and natural sciences: Total 1997 134,994 Exact and natural sciences: Total 1996(2) 133,075 Exact and natural sciences: Total 1995 116,745 Exact and natural sciences: Total 1994(2) 102,505 Exact and natural sciences: Total 1993 74,991 Exact and natural sciences: Total 1992 71,290 Exact and natural sciences: Total 1991 51,330 Exact and natural sciences: Total 1990 45,132 Exact and natural sciences: Total 1989 37,734 Exact and natural sciences: Total 1988 28,524 Exact and natural sciences: Total 1987 27,142 Exact and natural sciences: Total 1986 22,988 Exact and natural sciences: Total 1985(1) 18,000 Exact and natural sciences: Total 1984(1) 14,239 Exact and natural sciences: Total 1983(1) 13,085 Exact and natural sciences: Total 1982(1) 10,749 Exact and natural sciences: Total 1981(1) 8,139 Exact and natural sciences: Total 1980(1) 6,137 Exact and natural sciences: % 1997 20.1 Exact and natural sciences: % 1996(2) 20.8 Exact and natural sciences: % 1995 19.8 Exact and natural sciences: % 1994(2) 18.7 Exact and natural sciences: % 1993 13.5 Exact and natural sciences: % 1992 13.2 Exact and natural sciences: % 1991 10.7 Exact and natural sciences: % 1990 10.6 Exact and natural sciences: % 1989 11.1 Exact and natural sciences: % 1988 9.9 Exact and natural sciences: % 1987 11.8 Exact and natural sciences: % 1986 11.6 Exact and natural sciences: % 1985(1) 11.6 Exact and natural sciences: % 1984(1) 11.3 Exact and natural sciences: % 1983(1) 12.1 Exact and natural sciences: % 1982(1) 11.2 Exact and natural sciences: % 1981(1) 11.2 Exact and natural sciences: % 1980(1) 9.4 Engineering and technology: Total 1997 338,098 Engineering and technology: Total 1996(2) 322,468 Engineering and technology: Total 1995 302,542 Engineering and technology: Total 1994(2) 285,932 Engineering and technology: Total 1993 301,377 Engineering and technology: Total 1992 306,141 Engineering and technology: Total 1991 288,192 Engineering and technology: Total 1990 262,330 Engineering and technology: Total 1989 205,326 Engineering and technology: Total 1988 177,523 Engineering and technology: Total 1987 135,936 Engineering and technology: Total 1986 121,224 Engineering and technology: Total 1985(1) 94,856 Engineering and technology: Total 1984(1) 69,463 Engineering and technology: Total 1983(1) 63,084 Engineering and technology: Total 1982(1) 56,738 Engineering and technology: Total 1981(1) 41,410 Engineering and technology: Total 1980(1) 40,071 Engineering and technology: % 1997 50.3 Engineering and technology: % 1996(2) 50.3 Engineering and technology: % 1995 51.2 Engineering and technology: % 1994(2) 52.2 Engineering and technology: % 1993 54.1 Engineering and technology: % 1992 56.7 Engineering and technology: % 1991 60.1 Engineering and technology: % 1990 61.6 Engineering and technology: % 1989 60.5 Engineering and technology: % 1988 61.7 Engineering and technology: % 1987 59.0 Engineering and technology: % 1986 61.3 Engineering and technology: % 1985(1) 61.0 Engineering and technology: % 1984(1) 55.0 Engineering and technology: % 1983(1) 58.6 Engineering and technology: % 1982(1) 59.1 Engineering and technology: % 1981(1) 56.9 Engineering and technology: % 1980(1) 61.6 Medical sciences: Total 1997 92,398 Medical sciences: Total 1996(2) 84,288 Medical sciences: Total 1995 81,319 Medical sciences: Total 1994(2) 71,050 Medical sciences: Total 1993 74,850 Medical sciences: Total 1992 70,196 Medical sciences: Total 1991 62,184 Medical sciences: Total 1990 51,618 Medical sciences: Total 1989 40,154 Medical sciences: Total 1988 34,408 Medical sciences: Total 1987 28,221 Medical sciences: Total 1986 20,296 Medical sciences: Total 1985(1) 15,395 Medical sciences: Total 1984(1) 18,634 Medical sciences: Total 1983(1) 12,228 Medical sciences: Total 1982(1) 11,853 Medical sciences: Total 1981(1) 9,043 Medical sciences: Total 1980(1) 7,114 Medical sciences: % 1997 13.7 Medical sciences: % 1996(2) 13.1 Medical sciences: % 1995 13.8 Medical sciences: % 1994(2) 13.0 Medical sciences: % 1993 13.4 Medical sciences: % 1992 13.0 Medical sciences: % 1991 13.0 Medical sciences: % 1990 12.1 Medical sciences: % 1989 11.8 Medical sciences: % 1988 12.0 Medical sciences: % 1987 12.2 Medical sciences: % 1986 10.3 Medical sciences: % 1985(1) 9.9 Medical sciences: % 1984(1) 14.8 Medical sciences: % 1983(1) 11.4 Medical sciences: % 1982(1) 12.4 Medical sciences: % 1981(1) 12.4 Medical sciences: % 1980(1) 11.0 Agricultural Sciences: Total 1997 49,456 Agricultural Sciences: Total 1996(2) 47,557 Agricultural Sciences: Total 1995 39,943 Agricultural Sciences: Total 1994(2) 37,513 Agricultural Sciences: Total 1993 38,039 Agricultural Sciences: Total 1992 36,576 Agricultural Sciences: Total 1991 36,882 Agricultural Sciences: Total 1990 33,617 Agricultural Sciences: Total 1989 28,895 Agricultural Sciences: Total 1988 26,669 Agricultural Sciences: Total 1987 23,352 Agricultural Sciences: Total 1986 18,683 Agricultural Sciences: Total 1985(1) 15,318 Agricultural Sciences: Total 1984(1) 13,180 Agricultural Sciences: Total 1983(1) 9,935 Agricultural Sciences: Total 1982(1) 8,910 Agricultural Sciences: Total 1981(1) 7,218 Agricultural Sciences: Total 1980(1) 6,075 Agricultural Sciences: % 1997 7.4 Agricultural Sciences: % 1996(2) 7.4 Agricultural Sciences: % 1995 6.8 Agricultural Sciences: % 1994(2) 6.8 Agricultural Sciences: % 1993 6.8 Agricultural Sciences: % 1992 6.8 Agricultural Sciences: % 1991 7.7 Agricultural Sciences: % 1990 7.9 Agricultural Sciences: % 1989 8.5 Agricultural Sciences: % 1988 9.3 Agricultural Sciences: % 1987 10.1 Agricultural Sciences: % 1986 9.5 Agricultural Sciences: % 1985(1) 9.9 Agricultural Sciences: % 1984(1) 10.4 Agricultural Sciences: % 1983(1) 9.2 Agricultural Sciences: % 1982(1) 9.3 Agricultural Sciences: % 1981(1) 9.9 Agricultural Sciences: % 1980(1) 9.3 Social sciences and humanities: Total 1997 57,071 Social sciences and humanities: Total 1996(2) 53,636 Social sciences and humanities: Total 1995 50,139 Social sciences and humanities: Total 1994(2) 51,154 Social sciences and humanities: Total 1993 68,146 Social sciences and humanities: Total 1992 55,716 Social sciences and humanities: Total 1991 40,784 Social sciences and humanities: Total 1990 33,132 Social sciences and humanities: Total 1989 27,215 Social sciences and humanities: Total 1988 20,565 Social sciences and humanities: Total 1987 15,858 Social sciences and humanities: Total 1986 14,485 Social sciences and humanities: Total 1985(1) 11,772 Social sciences and humanities: Total 1984(1) 10,683 Social sciences and humanities: Total 1983(1) 9,332 Social sciences and humanities: Total 1982(1) 7,752 Social sciences and humanities: Total 1981(1) 7,003 Social sciences and humanities: Total 1980(1) 5,693 Social sciences and humanities: % 1997 8.5 Social sciences and humanities: % 1996(2) 8.4 Social sciences and humanities: % 1995 8.5 Social sciences and humanities: % 1994(2) 9.3 Social sciences and humanities: % 1993 12.2 Social sciences and humanities: % 1992 10.3 Social sciences and humanities: % 1991 8.5 Social sciences and humanities: % 1990 7.8 Social sciences and humanities: % 1989 8.0 Social sciences and humanities: % 1988 7.1 Social sciences and humanities: % 1987 6.9 Social sciences and humanities: % 1986 7.3 Social sciences and humanities: % 1985(1) 7.6 Social sciences and humanities: % 1984(1) 8.5 Social sciences and humanities: % 1983(1) 8.7 Social sciences and humanities: % 1982(1) 8.0 Social sciences and humanities: % 1981(1) 9.6 Social sciences and humanities: % 1980(1) 8.7