Type of research Periodo Total Total 1997 540.562 Total 1996 530.787 Total 1995 485.170 Total 1994 456.973 Total 1993 453.797 Total 1992 432.430 Total 1991 391.814 Total 1990 343.559 Total 1989 266.696 Total 1988 225.909 Total 1987 179.615 Total 1986 155.674 Total 1985(1) 126.450 Total 1984(1) 105.384 Total 1983(1) 90.287 Total 1982(1) 80.477 Total 1981(1) 65.305 Total 1980(1) 56.297 Basic research: Total 1997 123.283 Basic research: Total 1996 .. Basic research: Total 1995 122.849 Basic research: Total 1994 .. Basic research: Total 1993 97.531 Basic research: Total 1992 86.681 Basic research: Total 1991 71.969 Basic research: Total 1990 61.722 Basic research: Total 1989 50.093 Basic research: Total 1988 40.564 Basic research: Total 1987 32.612 Basic research: Total 1986 31.987 Basic research: Total 1985(1) 26.971 Basic research: Total 1984(1) 24.012 Basic research: Total 1983(1) 20.268 Basic research: Total 1982(1) 17.273 Basic research: Total 1981(1) 13.887 Basic research: Total 1980(1) 10.854 Basic research: % 1997 22,8 Basic research: % 1996 .. Basic research: % 1995 25,3 Basic research: % 1994 .. Basic research: % 1993 21,5 Basic research: % 1992 20,0 Basic research: % 1991 18,4 Basic research: % 1990 18,0 Basic research: % 1989 18,8 Basic research: % 1988 18,0 Basic research: % 1987 18,2 Basic research: % 1986 20,6 Basic research: % 1985(1) 21,3 Basic research: % 1984(1) 22,8 Basic research: % 1983(1) 22,4 Basic research: % 1982(1) 21,5 Basic research: % 1981(1) 21,3 Basic research: % 1980(1) 19,3 Applied research: Total 1997 209.793 Applied research: Total 1996 .. Applied research: Total 1995 179.517 Applied research: Total 1994 .. Applied research: Total 1993 165.158 Applied research: Total 1992 160.125 Applied research: Total 1991 150.716 Applied research: Total 1990 137.193 Applied research: Total 1989 108.364 Applied research: Total 1988 93.610 Applied research: Total 1987 76.242 Applied research: Total 1986 64.215 Applied research: Total 1985(1) 48.305 Applied research: Total 1984(1) 43.278 Applied research: Total 1983(1) 39.764 Applied research: Total 1982(1) 33.576 Applied research: Total 1981(1) 25.650 Applied research: Total 1980(1) 25.942 Applied research: % 1997 38,8 Applied research: % 1996 .. Applied research: % 1995 37,0 Applied research: % 1994 .. Applied research: % 1993 36,4 Applied research: % 1992 37,0 Applied research: % 1991 38,5 Applied research: % 1990 39,9 Applied research: % 1989 40,6 Applied research: % 1988 41,4 Applied research: % 1987 42,4 Applied research: % 1986 41,2 Applied research: % 1985(1) 38,2 Applied research: % 1984(1) 41,1 Applied research: % 1983(1) 44,1 Applied research: % 1982(1) 41,7 Applied research: % 1981(1) 39,3 Applied research: % 1980(1) 46,1 Technological development: Total 1997 207.486 Technological development: Total 1996 .. Technological development: Total 1995 182.804 Technological development: Total 1994 .. Technological development: Total 1993 191.108 Technological development: Total 1992 185.624 Technological development: Total 1991 169.129 Technological development: Total 1990 144.644 Technological development: Total 1989 108.239 Technological development: Total 1988 91.735 Technological development: Total 1987 70.761 Technological development: Total 1986 59.472 Technological development: Total 1985(1) 51.174 Technological development: Total 1984(1) 38.094 Technological development: Total 1983(1) 30.255 Technological development: Total 1982(1) 29.628 Technological development: Total 1981(1) 25.768 Technological development: Total 1980(1) 19.501 Technological development: % 1997 38,4 Technological development: % 1996 .. Technological development: % 1995 37,7 Technological development: % 1994 .. Technological development: % 1993 42,1 Technological development: % 1992 43,0 Technological development: % 1991 43,1 Technological development: % 1990 42,1 Technological development: % 1989 40,6 Technological development: % 1988 40,6 Technological development: % 1987 39,4 Technological development: % 1986 38,2 Technological development: % 1985(1) 40,5 Technological development: % 1984(1) 36,1 Technological development: % 1983(1) 33,5 Technological development: % 1982(1) 36,8 Technological development: % 1981(1) 39,4 Technological development: % 1980(1) 34,6