Scientific discipline/unit Period Total Total 1998 784,513.0 Total 1997 672,017.0 Total 1996 641,024.0 Total 1995 590,688.0 Total 1994 548,154.0 Total 1993 557,403.0 Total 1992 539,919.0 Total 1991 479,372.0 Total 1990 425,829.0 Total 1989 339,324.0 Total 1988 287,689.0 Total 1987 230,509.0 Total 1986 197,676.0 Total 1985 155,341.0 Total 1984 126,199.0 Total 1983 107,664.0 Total 1982 96,002.0 Total 1981 72,813.0 Total 1980 65,090.0 Exact and natural sciences: Total 1998 145,438.0 Exact and natural sciences: Total 1997 134,994.0 Exact and natural sciences: Total 1996 133,075.0 Exact and natural sciences: Total 1995 116,745.0 Exact and natural sciences: Total 1994 102,505.0 Exact and natural sciences: Total 1993 74,991.0 Exact and natural sciences: Total 1992 71,290.0 Exact and natural sciences: Total 1991 51,330.0 Exact and natural sciences: Total 1990 45,132.0 Exact and natural sciences: Total 1989 37,734.0 Exact and natural sciences: Total 1988 28,524.0 Exact and natural sciences: Total 1987 27,142.0 Exact and natural sciences: Total 1986 22,988.0 Exact and natural sciences: Total 1985 18,000.0 Exact and natural sciences: Total 1984 14,239.0 Exact and natural sciences: Total 1983 13,085.0 Exact and natural sciences: Total 1982 10,749.0 Exact and natural sciences: Total 1981 8,139.0 Exact and natural sciences: Total 1980 6,137.0 Exact and natural sciences: % 1998 18.5 Exact and natural sciences: % 1997 20.1 Exact and natural sciences: % 1996 20.8 Exact and natural sciences: % 1995 19.8 Exact and natural sciences: % 1994 18.7 Exact and natural sciences: % 1993 13.5 Exact and natural sciences: % 1992 13.2 Exact and natural sciences: % 1991 10.7 Exact and natural sciences: % 1990 10.6 Exact and natural sciences: % 1989 11.1 Exact and natural sciences: % 1988 9.9 Exact and natural sciences: % 1987 11.8 Exact and natural sciences: % 1986 11.6 Exact and natural sciences: % 1985 11.6 Exact and natural sciences: % 1984 11.3 Exact and natural sciences: % 1983 12.1 Exact and natural sciences: % 1982 11.2 Exact and natural sciences: % 1981 11.2 Exact and natural sciences: % 1980 9.4 Engineering and technology: Total 1998 411,496.0 Engineering and technology: Total 1997 338,098.0 Engineering and technology: Total 1996 322,468.0 Engineering and technology: Total 1995 302,542.0 Engineering and technology: Total 1994 285,932.0 Engineering and technology: Total 1993 301,377.0 Engineering and technology: Total 1992 306,141.0 Engineering and technology: Total 1991 288,192.0 Engineering and technology: Total 1990 262,330.0 Engineering and technology: Total 1989 205,326.0 Engineering and technology: Total 1988 177,523.0 Engineering and technology: Total 1987 135,936.0 Engineering and technology: Total 1986 121,224.0 Engineering and technology: Total 1985 94,856.0 Engineering and technology: Total 1984 69,463.0 Engineering and technology: Total 1983 63,084.0 Engineering and technology: Total 1982 56,738.0 Engineering and technology: Total 1981 41,410.0 Engineering and technology: Total 1980 40,071.0 Engineering and technology: % 1998 52.5 Engineering and technology: % 1997 50.3 Engineering and technology: % 1996 50.3 Engineering and technology: % 1995 51.2 Engineering and technology: % 1994 52.2 Engineering and technology: % 1993 54.1 Engineering and technology: % 1992 56.7 Engineering and technology: % 1991 60.1 Engineering and technology: % 1990 61.6 Engineering and technology: % 1989 60.5 Engineering and technology: % 1988 61.7 Engineering and technology: % 1987 59.0 Engineering and technology: % 1986 61.3 Engineering and technology: % 1985 61.0 Engineering and technology: % 1984 55.0 Engineering and technology: % 1983 58.6 Engineering and technology: % 1982 59.1 Engineering and technology: % 1981 56.9 Engineering and technology: % 1980 61.6 Medical sciences: Total 1998 108,769.0 Medical sciences: Total 1997 92,398.0 Medical sciences: Total 1996 84,288.0 Medical sciences: Total 1995 81,319.0 Medical sciences: Total 1994 71,050.0 Medical sciences: Total 1993 74,850.0 Medical sciences: Total 1992 70,196.0 Medical sciences: Total 1991 62,184.0 Medical sciences: Total 1990 51,618.0 Medical sciences: Total 1989 40,154.0 Medical sciences: Total 1988 34,408.0 Medical sciences: Total 1987 28,221.0 Medical sciences: Total 1986 20,296.0 Medical sciences: Total 1985 15,395.0 Medical sciences: Total 1984 18,634.0 Medical sciences: Total 1983 12,228.0 Medical sciences: Total 1982 11,853.0 Medical sciences: Total 1981 9,043.0 Medical sciences: Total 1980 7,114.0 Medical sciences: % 1998 13.9 Medical sciences: % 1997 13.7 Medical sciences: % 1996 13.1 Medical sciences: % 1995 13.8 Medical sciences: % 1994 13.0 Medical sciences: % 1993 13.4 Medical sciences: % 1992 13.0 Medical sciences: % 1991 13.0 Medical sciences: % 1990 12.1 Medical sciences: % 1989 11.8 Medical sciences: % 1988 12.0 Medical sciences: % 1987 12.2 Medical sciences: % 1986 10.3 Medical sciences: % 1985 9.9 Medical sciences: % 1984 14.8 Medical sciences: % 1983 11.4 Medical sciences: % 1982 12.4 Medical sciences: % 1981 12.4 Medical sciences: % 1980 11.0 Agricultural sciences: Total 1998 56,088.0 Agricultural sciences: Total 1997 49,456.0 Agricultural sciences: Total 1996 47,557.0 Agricultural sciences: Total 1995 39,943.0 Agricultural sciences: Total 1994 37,513.0 Agricultural sciences: Total 1993 38,039.0 Agricultural sciences: Total 1992 36,576.0 Agricultural sciences: Total 1991 36,882.0 Agricultural sciences: Total 1990 33,617.0 Agricultural sciences: Total 1989 28,895.0 Agricultural sciences: Total 1988 26,669.0 Agricultural sciences: Total 1987 23,352.0 Agricultural sciences: Total 1986 18,683.0 Agricultural sciences: Total 1985 15,318.0 Agricultural sciences: Total 1984 13,180.0 Agricultural sciences: Total 1983 9,935.0 Agricultural sciences: Total 1982 8,910.0 Agricultural sciences: Total 1981 7,218.0 Agricultural sciences: Total 1980 6,075.0 Agricultural sciences: % 1998 7.1 Agricultural sciences: % 1997 7.4 Agricultural sciences: % 1996 7.4 Agricultural sciences: % 1995 6.8 Agricultural sciences: % 1994 6.8 Agricultural sciences: % 1993 6.8 Agricultural sciences: % 1992 6.8 Agricultural sciences: % 1991 7.7 Agricultural sciences: % 1990 7.9 Agricultural sciences: % 1989 8.5 Agricultural sciences: % 1988 9.3 Agricultural sciences: % 1987 10.1 Agricultural sciences: % 1986 9.5 Agricultural sciences: % 1985 9.9 Agricultural sciences: % 1984 10.4 Agricultural sciences: % 1983 9.2 Agricultural sciences: % 1982 9.3 Agricultural sciences: % 1981 9.9 Agricultural sciences: % 1980 9.3 Social sciences and humanities: Total 1998 62,722.0 Social sciences and humanities: Total 1997 57,071.0 Social sciences and humanities: Total 1996 53,636.0 Social sciences and humanities: Total 1995 50,139.0 Social sciences and humanities: Total 1994 51,154.0 Social sciences and humanities: Total 1993 68,146.0 Social sciences and humanities: Total 1992 55,716.0 Social sciences and humanities: Total 1991 40,784.0 Social sciences and humanities: Total 1990 33,132.0 Social sciences and humanities: Total 1989 27,215.0 Social sciences and humanities: Total 1988 20,565.0 Social sciences and humanities: Total 1987 15,858.0 Social sciences and humanities: Total 1986 14,485.0 Social sciences and humanities: Total 1985 11,772.0 Social sciences and humanities: Total 1984 10,683.0 Social sciences and humanities: Total 1983 9,332.0 Social sciences and humanities: Total 1982 7,752.0 Social sciences and humanities: Total 1981 7,003.0 Social sciences and humanities: Total 1980 5,693.0 Social sciences and humanities: % 1998 8.0 Social sciences and humanities: % 1997 8.5 Social sciences and humanities: % 1996 8.4 Social sciences and humanities: % 1995 8.5 Social sciences and humanities: % 1994 9.3 Social sciences and humanities: % 1993 12.2 Social sciences and humanities: % 1992 10.3 Social sciences and humanities: % 1991 8.5 Social sciences and humanities: % 1990 7.8 Social sciences and humanities: % 1989 8.0 Social sciences and humanities: % 1988 7.1 Social sciences and humanities: % 1987 6.9 Social sciences and humanities: % 1986 7.3 Social sciences and humanities: % 1985 7.6 Social sciences and humanities: % 1984 8.5 Social sciences and humanities: % 1983 8.7 Social sciences and humanities: % 1982 8.0 Social sciences and humanities: % 1981 9.6 Social sciences and humanities: % 1980 8.7