Applications, dependency rate, R+D expenditure Period Total Applications in Spain 1998 71,825 Applications in Spain 1997 78,419 Applications in Spain 1996 65,199 Applications in Spain 1995 57,695 Applications in Spain 1994 54,136 Applications in Spain 1993 50,004 Applications in Spain 1992 48,900 Applications in Spain 1991 45,668 Applications in Spain 1990 46,817 Applications in Spain 1989 30,596 Applications in Spain 1988 26,242 Applications in Spain 1987 23,390 Applications in Spain 1986 14,361 Applications in Spain 1985 11,298 Applications in Spain 1984 10,700 Applications in Spain 1983 9,850 Applications in Spain 1982 10,201 Applications in Spain 1981 10,227 Applications by residents 1998 2,656 Applications by residents 1997 2,236 Applications by residents 1996 2,308 Applications by residents 1995 2,078 Applications by residents 1994 2,171 Applications by residents 1993 2,192 Applications by residents 1992 2,101 Applications by residents 1991 2,188 Applications by residents 1990 2,260 Applications by residents 1989 2,118 Applications by residents 1988 1,832 Applications by residents 1987 1,741 Applications by residents 1986 1,652 Applications by residents 1985 2,149 Applications by residents 1984 1,784 Applications by residents 1983 1,498 Applications by residents 1982 1,646 Applications by residents 1981 1,718 Applications by non-residents 1998 69,169 Applications by non-residents 1997 76,183 Applications by non-residents 1996 62,891 Applications by non-residents 1995 55,617 Applications by non-residents 1994 51,965 Applications by non-residents 1993 47,812 Applications by non-residents 1992 46,799 Applications by non-residents 1991 43,480 Applications by non-residents 1990 44,557 Applications by non-residents 1989 28,478 Applications by non-residents 1988 24,410 Applications by non-residents 1987 21,649 Applications by non-residents 1986 12,709 Applications by non-residents 1985 9,149 Applications by non-residents 1984 8,916 Applications by non-residents 1983 8,352 Applications by non-residents 1982 8,555 Applications by non-residents 1981 8,509 Applications abroad 1998 .. Applications abroad 1997 .. Applications abroad 1996 16,847 Applications abroad 1995 10,088 Applications abroad 1994 9,227 Applications abroad 1993 7,575 Applications abroad 1992 6,886 Applications abroad 1991 5,654 Applications abroad 1990 4,603 Applications abroad 1989 3,102 Applications abroad 1988 2,730 Applications abroad 1987 2,263 Applications abroad 1986 2,135 Applications abroad 1985 1,785 Applications abroad 1984 2,056 Applications abroad 1983 1,540 Applications abroad 1982 1,477 Applications abroad 1981 1,848 Dependency rate 1998 26.04 Dependency rate 1997 34.07 Dependency rate 1996 27.25 Dependency rate 1995 26.76 Dependency rate 1994 23.94 Dependency rate 1993 21.81 Dependency rate 1992 22.27 Dependency rate 1991 19.87 Dependency rate 1990 19.72 Dependency rate 1989 13.45 Dependency rate 1988 13.32 Dependency rate 1987 12.43 Dependency rate 1986 7.69 Dependency rate 1985 4.26 Dependency rate 1984 5.00 Dependency rate 1983 5.58 Dependency rate 1982 5.20 Dependency rate 1981 4.95 Self-sufficiency rate 1998 0.03 Self-sufficiency rate 1997 0.02 Self-sufficiency rate 1996 0.04 Self-sufficiency rate 1995 0.04 Self-sufficiency rate 1994 0.04 Self-sufficiency rate 1993 0.04 Self-sufficiency rate 1992 0.04 Self-sufficiency rate 1991 0.05 Self-sufficiency rate 1990 0.05 Self-sufficiency rate 1989 0.07 Self-sufficiency rate 1988 0.07 Self-sufficiency rate 1987 0.07 Self-sufficiency rate 1986 0.12 Self-sufficiency rate 1985 0.19 Self-sufficiency rate 1984 0.17 Self-sufficiency rate 1983 0.15 Self-sufficiency rate 1982 0.16 Self-sufficiency rate 1981 0.17 Dissemination rate 1998 .. Dissemination rate 1997 .. Dissemination rate 1996 8.11 Dissemination rate 1995 4.65 Dissemination rate 1994 4.21 Dissemination rate 1993 3.61 Dissemination rate 1992 3.15 Dissemination rate 1991 2.50 Dissemination rate 1990 2.17 Dissemination rate 1989 1.69 Dissemination rate 1988 1.57 Dissemination rate 1987 1.37 Dissemination rate 1986 0.99 Dissemination rate 1985 1.00 Dissemination rate 1984 1.37 Dissemination rate 1983 0.94 Dissemination rate 1982 0.86 Dissemination rate 1981 0.99 Inventive coefficient 1998 0.7 Inventive coefficient 1997 0.6 Inventive coefficient 1996 0.6 Inventive coefficient 1995 0.5 Inventive coefficient 1994 0.6 Inventive coefficient 1993 0.6 Inventive coefficient 1992 0.5 Inventive coefficient 1991 0.6 Inventive coefficient 1990 0.6 Inventive coefficient 1989 0.5 Inventive coefficient 1988 0.5 Inventive coefficient 1987 0.5 Inventive coefficient 1986 0.4 Inventive coefficient 1985 0.6 Inventive coefficient 1984 0.5 Inventive coefficient 1983 0.4 Inventive coefficient 1982 0.4 Inventive coefficient 1981 0.4 Applc. from residents x 100 / Researchers FTE public sector 1998 19 Applc. from residents x 100 / Researchers FTE public sector 1997 19 Applc. from residents x 100 / Researchers FTE public sector 1996 20 Applc. from residents x 100 / Researchers FTE public sector 1995 19 Applc. from residents x 100 / Researchers FTE public sector 1994 20 Applc. from residents x 100 / Researchers FTE public sector 1993 19 Applc. from residents x 100 / Researchers FTE public sector 1992 18 Applc. from residents x 100 / Researchers FTE public sector 1991 19 Applc. from residents x 100 / Researchers FTE public sector 1990 21 Applc. from residents x 100 / Researchers FTE public sector 1989 23 Applc. from residents x 100 / Researchers FTE public sector 1988 21 Applc. from residents x 100 / Researchers FTE public sector 1987 25 Applc. from residents x 100 / Researchers FTE public sector 1986 27 Applc. from residents x 100 / Researchers FTE public sector 1985 44 Applc. from residents x 100 / Researchers FTE public sector 1984 44 Applc. from residents x 100 / Researchers FTE public sector 1983 42 Applc. from residents x 100 / Researchers FTE public sector 1982 48 Applc. from residents x 100 / Researchers FTE public sector 1981 53 Company expenditure R+D / Applications from residents (thousands of pesetas) 1998 153,931 Company expenditure R+D / Applications from residents (thousands of pesetas) 1997 146,656 Company expenditure R+D / Applications from residents (thousands of pesetas) 1996 136,286 Company expenditure R+D / Applications from residents (thousands of pesetas) 1995 139,175 Company expenditure R+D / Applications from residents (thousands of pesetas) 1994 118,064 Company expenditure R+D / Applications from residents (thousands of pesetas) 1993 121,430 Company expenditure R+D / Applications from residents (thousands of pesetas) 1992 129,800 Company expenditure R+D / Applications from residents (thousands of pesetas) 1991 122,685 Company expenditure R+D / Applications from residents (thousands of pesetas) 1990 108,955 Company expenditure R+D / Applications from residents (thousands of pesetas) 1989 90,252 Company expenditure R+D / Applications from residents (thousands of pesetas) 1988 89,176 Company expenditure R+D / Applications from residents (thousands of pesetas) 1987 72,778 Company expenditure R+D / Applications from residents (thousands of pesetas) 1986 66,791 Company expenditure R+D / Applications from residents (thousands of pesetas) 1985 39,923 Company expenditure R+D / Applications from residents (thousands of pesetas) 1984 36,665 Company expenditure R+D / Applications from residents (thousands of pesetas) 1983 34,808 Company expenditure R+D / Applications from residents (thousands of pesetas) 1982 28,470 Company expenditure R+D / Applications from residents (thousands of pesetas) 1981 19,279