Reference population	Socio-economic characteristics	Reasons for not verifying dubious information	Total
Total persons	Total persons	Total	37,634,488
Total persons	Total persons	Knew that the information, content or source was not reliable	17.2
Total persons	Total persons	Lack of skills or knowledge to check the information	7.3
Total persons	Total persons	Other reasons	10.6
Total persons	Educational attainment: Less than primary education	Total	706,162
Total persons	Educational attainment: Less than primary education	Knew that the information, content or source was not reliable	5.9
Total persons	Educational attainment: Less than primary education	Lack of skills or knowledge to check the information	9.3
Total persons	Educational attainment: Less than primary education	Other reasons	6.8
Total persons	Educational attainment: Primary education	Total	2,833,557
Total persons	Educational attainment: Primary education	Knew that the information, content or source was not reliable	12.7
Total persons	Educational attainment: Primary education	Lack of skills or knowledge to check the information	13.7
Total persons	Educational attainment: Primary education	Other reasons	12.2
Total persons	Educational attainment: First stage of secondary education	Total	8,042,652
Total persons	Educational attainment: First stage of secondary education	Knew that the information, content or source was not reliable	17.1
Total persons	Educational attainment: First stage of secondary education	Lack of skills or knowledge to check the information	9.0
Total persons	Educational attainment: First stage of secondary education	Other reasons	10.6
Total persons	Educational attainment: Second stage of secondary education	Total	9,919,183
Total persons	Educational attainment: Second stage of secondary education	Knew that the information, content or source was not reliable	19.2
Total persons	Educational attainment: Second stage of secondary education	Lack of skills or knowledge to check the information	7.5
Total persons	Educational attainment: Second stage of secondary education	Other reasons	11.8
Total persons	Educational attainment: Higher vocational training	Total	5,140,582
Total persons	Educational attainment: Higher vocational training	Knew that the information, content or source was not reliable	16.9
Total persons	Educational attainment: Higher vocational training	Lack of skills or knowledge to check the information	5.3
Total persons	Educational attainment: Higher vocational training	Other reasons	10.5
Total persons	Educational attainment: University diploma and equivalent	Total	4,174,438
Total persons	Educational attainment: University diploma and equivalent	Knew that the information, content or source was not reliable	17.5
Total persons	Educational attainment: University diploma and equivalent	Lack of skills or knowledge to check the information	5.1
Total persons	Educational attainment: University diploma and equivalent	Other reasons	8.8
Total persons	Educational attainment: University degree, master's degree and equivalent	Total	5,919,511
Total persons	Educational attainment: University degree, master's degree and equivalent	Knew that the information, content or source was not reliable	17.9
Total persons	Educational attainment: University degree, master's degree and equivalent	Lack of skills or knowledge to check the information	4.3
Total persons	Educational attainment: University degree, master's degree and equivalent	Other reasons	10.0
Total persons	Educational attainment: Doctorate	Total	455,086
Total persons	Educational attainment: Doctorate	Knew that the information, content or source was not reliable	19.7
Total persons	Educational attainment: Doctorate	Lack of skills or knowledge to check the information	2.9
Total persons	Educational attainment: Doctorate	Other reasons	7.5
Total persons	Educational attainment: Other	Total	443,317
Total persons	Educational attainment: Other	Knew that the information, content or source was not reliable	12.4
Total persons	Educational attainment: Other	Lack of skills or knowledge to check the information	12.3
Total persons	Educational attainment: Other	Other reasons	9.1
Total persons	Employment status: Employed	Total	21,736,738
Total persons	Employment status: Employed	Knew that the information, content or source was not reliable	18.1
Total persons	Employment status: Employed	Lack of skills or knowledge to check the information	5.9
Total persons	Employment status: Employed	Other reasons	11.2
Total persons	Employment status: Unemployed	Total	3,027,257
Total persons	Employment status: Unemployed	Knew that the information, content or source was not reliable	18.1
Total persons	Employment status: Unemployed	Lack of skills or knowledge to check the information	7.3
Total persons	Employment status: Unemployed	Other reasons	9.2
Total persons	Employment status: Inactive: Students	Total	3,659,452
Total persons	Employment status: Inactive: Students	Knew that the information, content or source was not reliable	15.9
Total persons	Employment status: Inactive: Students	Lack of skills or knowledge to check the information	5.7
Total persons	Employment status: Inactive: Students	Other reasons	9.2
Total persons	Employment status: Inactive: Homemakers	Total	1,477,670
Total persons	Employment status: Inactive: Homemakers	Knew that the information, content or source was not reliable	13.4
Total persons	Employment status: Inactive: Homemakers	Lack of skills or knowledge to check the information	12.9
Total persons	Employment status: Inactive: Homemakers	Other reasons	12.4
Total persons	Employment status: Inactive: Pensioners	Total	5,819,411
Total persons	Employment status: Inactive: Pensioners	Knew that the information, content or source was not reliable	16.1
Total persons	Employment status: Inactive: Pensioners	Lack of skills or knowledge to check the information	11.9
Total persons	Employment status: Inactive: Pensioners	Other reasons	9.2
Total persons	Employment status: Other employment status	Total	1,913,960
Total persons	Employment status: Other employment status	Knew that the information, content or source was not reliable	15.1
Total persons	Employment status: Other employment status	Lack of skills or knowledge to check the information	6.6
Total persons	Employment status: Other employment status	Other reasons	11.1
Total persons	Professional status (in main job): Employee with a permanent contract	Total	15,709,471
Total persons	Professional status (in main job): Employee with a permanent contract	Knew that the information, content or source was not reliable	18.7
Total persons	Professional status (in main job): Employee with a permanent contract	Lack of skills or knowledge to check the information	5.7
Total persons	Professional status (in main job): Employee with a permanent contract	Other reasons	11.0
Total persons	Professional status (in main job): Employee with a temporary contract	Total	2,563,780
Total persons	Professional status (in main job): Employee with a temporary contract	Knew that the information, content or source was not reliable	15.7
Total persons	Professional status (in main job): Employee with a temporary contract	Lack of skills or knowledge to check the information	5.0
Total persons	Professional status (in main job): Employee with a temporary contract	Other reasons	11.7
Total persons	Professional status (in main job): Self-employed with employees	Total	1,348,985
Total persons	Professional status (in main job): Self-employed with employees	Knew that the information, content or source was not reliable	16.6
Total persons	Professional status (in main job): Self-employed with employees	Lack of skills or knowledge to check the information	7.6
Total persons	Professional status (in main job): Self-employed with employees	Other reasons	15.9
Total persons	Professional status (in main job): Self-employed without employees	Total	1,982,039
Total persons	Professional status (in main job): Self-employed without employees	Knew that the information, content or source was not reliable	17.6
Total persons	Professional status (in main job): Self-employed without employees	Lack of skills or knowledge to check the information	7.4
Total persons	Professional status (in main job): Self-employed without employees	Other reasons	9.0
Total persons	Professional status (in main job): Contributing family worker (no agreed salary)	Total	132,463
Total persons	Professional status (in main job): Contributing family worker (no agreed salary)	Knew that the information, content or source was not reliable	7.6
Total persons	Professional status (in main job): Contributing family worker (no agreed salary)	Lack of skills or knowledge to check the information	9.8
Total persons	Professional status (in main job): Contributing family worker (no agreed salary)	Other reasons	11.5
Total persons	Working hours (in main job): Full-time	Total	18,448,392
Total persons	Working hours (in main job): Full-time	Knew that the information, content or source was not reliable	17.8
Total persons	Working hours (in main job): Full-time	Lack of skills or knowledge to check the information	5.8
Total persons	Working hours (in main job): Full-time	Other reasons	11.0
Total persons	Working hours (in main job): Part-time	Total	3,288,346
Total persons	Working hours (in main job): Part-time	Knew that the information, content or source was not reliable	19.6
Total persons	Working hours (in main job): Part-time	Lack of skills or knowledge to check the information	6.5
Total persons	Working hours (in main job): Part-time	Other reasons	12.5
Total persons	Main occupation: Manual	Total	6,004,888
Total persons	Main occupation: Manual	Knew that the information, content or source was not reliable	17.8
Total persons	Main occupation: Manual	Lack of skills or knowledge to check the information	7.0
Total persons	Main occupation: Manual	Other reasons	13.0
Total persons	Main occupation: Non-manual	Total	15,731,851
Total persons	Main occupation: Non-manual	Knew that the information, content or source was not reliable	18.2
Total persons	Main occupation: Non-manual	Lack of skills or knowledge to check the information	5.5
Total persons	Main occupation: Non-manual	Other reasons	10.6
Total persons	Main occupation: ICT workers	Total	1,039,221
Total persons	Main occupation: ICT workers	Knew that the information, content or source was not reliable	12.5
Total persons	Main occupation: ICT workers	Lack of skills or knowledge to check the information	2.2
Total persons	Main occupation: ICT workers	Other reasons	7.4
Total persons	Main occupation: Other workers	Total	20,697,517
Total persons	Main occupation: Other workers	Knew that the information, content or source was not reliable	18.3
Total persons	Main occupation: Other workers	Lack of skills or knowledge to check the information	6.1
Total persons	Main occupation: Other workers	Other reasons	11.4
Total persons	Net monthly income per consumption unit: First quintile	Total	7,077,033
Total persons	Net monthly income per consumption unit: First quintile	Knew that the information, content or source was not reliable	17.1
Total persons	Net monthly income per consumption unit: First quintile	Lack of skills or knowledge to check the information	6.6
Total persons	Net monthly income per consumption unit: First quintile	Other reasons	11.1
Total persons	Net monthly income per consumption unit: Second quintile	Total	6,693,503
Total persons	Net monthly income per consumption unit: Second quintile	Knew that the information, content or source was not reliable	15.1
Total persons	Net monthly income per consumption unit: Second quintile	Lack of skills or knowledge to check the information	8.5
Total persons	Net monthly income per consumption unit: Second quintile	Other reasons	12.4
Total persons	Net monthly income per consumption unit: Third quintile	Total	6,830,831
Total persons	Net monthly income per consumption unit: Third quintile	Knew that the information, content or source was not reliable	16.1
Total persons	Net monthly income per consumption unit: Third quintile	Lack of skills or knowledge to check the information	7.7
Total persons	Net monthly income per consumption unit: Third quintile	Other reasons	11.0
Total persons	Net monthly income per consumption unit: Fourth quintile	Total	7,072,051
Total persons	Net monthly income per consumption unit: Fourth quintile	Knew that the information, content or source was not reliable	17.7
Total persons	Net monthly income per consumption unit: Fourth quintile	Lack of skills or knowledge to check the information	8.2
Total persons	Net monthly income per consumption unit: Fourth quintile	Other reasons	9.8
Total persons	Net monthly income per consumption unit: Fifth quintile	Total	7,204,147
Total persons	Net monthly income per consumption unit: Fifth quintile	Knew that the information, content or source was not reliable	19.1
Total persons	Net monthly income per consumption unit: Fifth quintile	Lack of skills or knowledge to check the information	6.9
Total persons	Net monthly income per consumption unit: Fifth quintile	Other reasons	9.5
Total persons	Net monthly income per consumption unit: Don't know/No answer	Total	2,756,924
Total persons	Net monthly income per consumption unit: Don't know/No answer	Knew that the information, content or source was not reliable	19.4
Total persons	Net monthly income per consumption unit: Don't know/No answer	Lack of skills or knowledge to check the information	3.5
Total persons	Net monthly income per consumption unit: Don't know/No answer	Other reasons	8.9
Internet users in the last 3 months	Total persons	Total	36,718,725
Internet users in the last 3 months	Total persons	Knew that the information, content or source was not reliable	17.7
Internet users in the last 3 months	Total persons	Lack of skills or knowledge to check the information	7.4
Internet users in the last 3 months	Total persons	Other reasons	10.9
Internet users in the last 3 months	Educational attainment: Less than primary education	Total	496,007
Internet users in the last 3 months	Educational attainment: Less than primary education	Knew that the information, content or source was not reliable	8.4
Internet users in the last 3 months	Educational attainment: Less than primary education	Lack of skills or knowledge to check the information	13.2
Internet users in the last 3 months	Educational attainment: Less than primary education	Other reasons	9.6
Internet users in the last 3 months	Educational attainment: Primary education	Total	2,554,083
Internet users in the last 3 months	Educational attainment: Primary education	Knew that the information, content or source was not reliable	14.1
Internet users in the last 3 months	Educational attainment: Primary education	Lack of skills or knowledge to check the information	15.2
Internet users in the last 3 months	Educational attainment: Primary education	Other reasons	13.5
Internet users in the last 3 months	Educational attainment: First stage of secondary education	Total	7,820,859
Internet users in the last 3 months	Educational attainment: First stage of secondary education	Knew that the information, content or source was not reliable	17.6
Internet users in the last 3 months	Educational attainment: First stage of secondary education	Lack of skills or knowledge to check the information	9.3
Internet users in the last 3 months	Educational attainment: First stage of secondary education	Other reasons	10.9
Internet users in the last 3 months	Educational attainment: Second stage of secondary education	Total	9,810,439
Internet users in the last 3 months	Educational attainment: Second stage of secondary education	Knew that the information, content or source was not reliable	19.4
Internet users in the last 3 months	Educational attainment: Second stage of secondary education	Lack of skills or knowledge to check the information	7.6
Internet users in the last 3 months	Educational attainment: Second stage of secondary education	Other reasons	11.9
Internet users in the last 3 months	Educational attainment: Higher vocational training	Total	5,118,557
Internet users in the last 3 months	Educational attainment: Higher vocational training	Knew that the information, content or source was not reliable	17.0
Internet users in the last 3 months	Educational attainment: Higher vocational training	Lack of skills or knowledge to check the information	5.3
Internet users in the last 3 months	Educational attainment: Higher vocational training	Other reasons	10.6
Internet users in the last 3 months	Educational attainment: University diploma and equivalent	Total	4,147,766
Internet users in the last 3 months	Educational attainment: University diploma and equivalent	Knew that the information, content or source was not reliable	17.7
Internet users in the last 3 months	Educational attainment: University diploma and equivalent	Lack of skills or knowledge to check the information	5.1
Internet users in the last 3 months	Educational attainment: University diploma and equivalent	Other reasons	8.9
Internet users in the last 3 months	Educational attainment: University degree, master's degree and equivalent	Total	5,907,017
Internet users in the last 3 months	Educational attainment: University degree, master's degree and equivalent	Knew that the information, content or source was not reliable	17.9
Internet users in the last 3 months	Educational attainment: University degree, master's degree and equivalent	Lack of skills or knowledge to check the information	4.3
Internet users in the last 3 months	Educational attainment: University degree, master's degree and equivalent	Other reasons	10.0
Internet users in the last 3 months	Educational attainment: Doctorate	Total	451,680
Internet users in the last 3 months	Educational attainment: Doctorate	Knew that the information, content or source was not reliable	19.8
Internet users in the last 3 months	Educational attainment: Doctorate	Lack of skills or knowledge to check the information	2.9
Internet users in the last 3 months	Educational attainment: Doctorate	Other reasons	7.5
Internet users in the last 3 months	Educational attainment: Other	Total	412,318
Internet users in the last 3 months	Educational attainment: Other	Knew that the information, content or source was not reliable	13.3
Internet users in the last 3 months	Educational attainment: Other	Lack of skills or knowledge to check the information	13.2
Internet users in the last 3 months	Educational attainment: Other	Other reasons	9.7
Internet users in the last 3 months	Employment status: Employed	Total	21,621,376
Internet users in the last 3 months	Employment status: Employed	Knew that the information, content or source was not reliable	18.2
Internet users in the last 3 months	Employment status: Employed	Lack of skills or knowledge to check the information	6.0
Internet users in the last 3 months	Employment status: Employed	Other reasons	11.3
Internet users in the last 3 months	Employment status: Unemployed	Total	2,978,836
Internet users in the last 3 months	Employment status: Unemployed	Knew that the information, content or source was not reliable	18.4
Internet users in the last 3 months	Employment status: Unemployed	Lack of skills or knowledge to check the information	7.5
Internet users in the last 3 months	Employment status: Unemployed	Other reasons	9.3
Internet users in the last 3 months	Employment status: Inactive: Students	Total	3,658,101
Internet users in the last 3 months	Employment status: Inactive: Students	Knew that the information, content or source was not reliable	16.0
Internet users in the last 3 months	Employment status: Inactive: Students	Lack of skills or knowledge to check the information	5.7
Internet users in the last 3 months	Employment status: Inactive: Students	Other reasons	9.2
Internet users in the last 3 months	Employment status: Inactive: Homemakers	Total	1,398,026
Internet users in the last 3 months	Employment status: Inactive: Homemakers	Knew that the information, content or source was not reliable	14.2
Internet users in the last 3 months	Employment status: Inactive: Homemakers	Lack of skills or knowledge to check the information	13.7
Internet users in the last 3 months	Employment status: Inactive: Homemakers	Other reasons	13.1
Internet users in the last 3 months	Employment status: Inactive: Pensioners	Total	5,225,194
Internet users in the last 3 months	Employment status: Inactive: Pensioners	Knew that the information, content or source was not reliable	18.0
Internet users in the last 3 months	Employment status: Inactive: Pensioners	Lack of skills or knowledge to check the information	13.3
Internet users in the last 3 months	Employment status: Inactive: Pensioners	Other reasons	10.2
Internet users in the last 3 months	Employment status: Other employment status	Total	1,837,192
Internet users in the last 3 months	Employment status: Other employment status	Knew that the information, content or source was not reliable	15.7
Internet users in the last 3 months	Employment status: Other employment status	Lack of skills or knowledge to check the information	6.9
Internet users in the last 3 months	Employment status: Other employment status	Other reasons	11.5
Internet users in the last 3 months	Professional status (in main job): Employee with a permanent contract	Total	15,668,034
Internet users in the last 3 months	Professional status (in main job): Employee with a permanent contract	Knew that the information, content or source was not reliable	18.8
Internet users in the last 3 months	Professional status (in main job): Employee with a permanent contract	Lack of skills or knowledge to check the information	5.7
Internet users in the last 3 months	Professional status (in main job): Employee with a permanent contract	Other reasons	11.1
Internet users in the last 3 months	Professional status (in main job): Employee with a temporary contract	Total	2,533,787
Internet users in the last 3 months	Professional status (in main job): Employee with a temporary contract	Knew that the information, content or source was not reliable	15.9
Internet users in the last 3 months	Professional status (in main job): Employee with a temporary contract	Lack of skills or knowledge to check the information	5.1
Internet users in the last 3 months	Professional status (in main job): Employee with a temporary contract	Other reasons	11.9
Internet users in the last 3 months	Professional status (in main job): Self-employed with employees	Total	1,333,602
Internet users in the last 3 months	Professional status (in main job): Self-employed with employees	Knew that the information, content or source was not reliable	16.8
Internet users in the last 3 months	Professional status (in main job): Self-employed with employees	Lack of skills or knowledge to check the information	7.7
Internet users in the last 3 months	Professional status (in main job): Self-employed with employees	Other reasons	16.0
Internet users in the last 3 months	Professional status (in main job): Self-employed without employees	Total	1,962,398
Internet users in the last 3 months	Professional status (in main job): Self-employed without employees	Knew that the information, content or source was not reliable	17.8
Internet users in the last 3 months	Professional status (in main job): Self-employed without employees	Lack of skills or knowledge to check the information	7.5
Internet users in the last 3 months	Professional status (in main job): Self-employed without employees	Other reasons	9.1
Internet users in the last 3 months	Professional status (in main job): Contributing family worker (no agreed salary)	Total	123,556
Internet users in the last 3 months	Professional status (in main job): Contributing family worker (no agreed salary)	Knew that the information, content or source was not reliable	8.2
Internet users in the last 3 months	Professional status (in main job): Contributing family worker (no agreed salary)	Lack of skills or knowledge to check the information	10.5
Internet users in the last 3 months	Professional status (in main job): Contributing family worker (no agreed salary)	Other reasons	12.3
Internet users in the last 3 months	Working hours (in main job): Full-time	Total	18,347,277
Internet users in the last 3 months	Working hours (in main job): Full-time	Knew that the information, content or source was not reliable	17.9
Internet users in the last 3 months	Working hours (in main job): Full-time	Lack of skills or knowledge to check the information	5.9
Internet users in the last 3 months	Working hours (in main job): Full-time	Other reasons	11.1
Internet users in the last 3 months	Working hours (in main job): Part-time	Total	3,274,100
Internet users in the last 3 months	Working hours (in main job): Part-time	Knew that the information, content or source was not reliable	19.6
Internet users in the last 3 months	Working hours (in main job): Part-time	Lack of skills or knowledge to check the information	6.5
Internet users in the last 3 months	Working hours (in main job): Part-time	Other reasons	12.6
Internet users in the last 3 months	Main occupation: Manual	Total	5,922,316
Internet users in the last 3 months	Main occupation: Manual	Knew that the information, content or source was not reliable	18.0
Internet users in the last 3 months	Main occupation: Manual	Lack of skills or knowledge to check the information	7.1
Internet users in the last 3 months	Main occupation: Manual	Other reasons	13.2
Internet users in the last 3 months	Main occupation: Non-manual	Total	15,699,060
Internet users in the last 3 months	Main occupation: Non-manual	Knew that the information, content or source was not reliable	18.2
Internet users in the last 3 months	Main occupation: Non-manual	Lack of skills or knowledge to check the information	5.5
Internet users in the last 3 months	Main occupation: Non-manual	Other reasons	10.6
Internet users in the last 3 months	Main occupation: ICT workers	Total	1,039,221
Internet users in the last 3 months	Main occupation: ICT workers	Knew that the information, content or source was not reliable	12.5
Internet users in the last 3 months	Main occupation: ICT workers	Lack of skills or knowledge to check the information	2.2
Internet users in the last 3 months	Main occupation: ICT workers	Other reasons	7.4
Internet users in the last 3 months	Main occupation: Other workers	Total	20,582,156
Internet users in the last 3 months	Main occupation: Other workers	Knew that the information, content or source was not reliable	18.4
Internet users in the last 3 months	Main occupation: Other workers	Lack of skills or knowledge to check the information	6.2
Internet users in the last 3 months	Main occupation: Other workers	Other reasons	11.5
Internet users in the last 3 months	Net monthly income per consumption unit: First quintile	Total	6,874,900
Internet users in the last 3 months	Net monthly income per consumption unit: First quintile	Knew that the information, content or source was not reliable	17.6
Internet users in the last 3 months	Net monthly income per consumption unit: First quintile	Lack of skills or knowledge to check the information	6.8
Internet users in the last 3 months	Net monthly income per consumption unit: First quintile	Other reasons	11.5
Internet users in the last 3 months	Net monthly income per consumption unit: Second quintile	Total	6,482,797
Internet users in the last 3 months	Net monthly income per consumption unit: Second quintile	Knew that the information, content or source was not reliable	15.6
Internet users in the last 3 months	Net monthly income per consumption unit: Second quintile	Lack of skills or knowledge to check the information	8.7
Internet users in the last 3 months	Net monthly income per consumption unit: Second quintile	Other reasons	12.8
Internet users in the last 3 months	Net monthly income per consumption unit: Third quintile	Total	6,648,762
Internet users in the last 3 months	Net monthly income per consumption unit: Third quintile	Knew that the information, content or source was not reliable	16.6
Internet users in the last 3 months	Net monthly income per consumption unit: Third quintile	Lack of skills or knowledge to check the information	7.9
Internet users in the last 3 months	Net monthly income per consumption unit: Third quintile	Other reasons	11.3
Internet users in the last 3 months	Net monthly income per consumption unit: Fourth quintile	Total	6,974,455
Internet users in the last 3 months	Net monthly income per consumption unit: Fourth quintile	Knew that the information, content or source was not reliable	17.9
Internet users in the last 3 months	Net monthly income per consumption unit: Fourth quintile	Lack of skills or knowledge to check the information	8.3
Internet users in the last 3 months	Net monthly income per consumption unit: Fourth quintile	Other reasons	9.9
Internet users in the last 3 months	Net monthly income per consumption unit: Fifth quintile	Total	7,092,411
Internet users in the last 3 months	Net monthly income per consumption unit: Fifth quintile	Knew that the information, content or source was not reliable	19.4
Internet users in the last 3 months	Net monthly income per consumption unit: Fifth quintile	Lack of skills or knowledge to check the information	7.0
Internet users in the last 3 months	Net monthly income per consumption unit: Fifth quintile	Other reasons	9.6
Internet users in the last 3 months	Net monthly income per consumption unit: Don't know/No answer	Total	2,645,400
Internet users in the last 3 months	Net monthly income per consumption unit: Don't know/No answer	Knew that the information, content or source was not reliable	20.3
Internet users in the last 3 months	Net monthly income per consumption unit: Don't know/No answer	Lack of skills or knowledge to check the information	3.6
Internet users in the last 3 months	Net monthly income per consumption unit: Don't know/No answer	Other reasons	9.3
Persons who have not verified dubious information seen online in the last 3 months	Total persons	Total	11,793,064
Persons who have not verified dubious information seen online in the last 3 months	Total persons	Knew that the information, content or source was not reliable	55.0
Persons who have not verified dubious information seen online in the last 3 months	Total persons	Lack of skills or knowledge to check the information	23.2
Persons who have not verified dubious information seen online in the last 3 months	Total persons	Other reasons	33.8
Persons who have not verified dubious information seen online in the last 3 months	Educational attainment: Less than primary education	Total	128,697
Persons who have not verified dubious information seen online in the last 3 months	Educational attainment: Less than primary education	Knew that the information, content or source was not reliable	32.5
Persons who have not verified dubious information seen online in the last 3 months	Educational attainment: Less than primary education	Lack of skills or knowledge to check the information	51.0
Persons who have not verified dubious information seen online in the last 3 months	Educational attainment: Less than primary education	Other reasons	37.2
Persons who have not verified dubious information seen online in the last 3 months	Educational attainment: Primary education	Total	910,398
Persons who have not verified dubious information seen online in the last 3 months	Educational attainment: Primary education	Knew that the information, content or source was not reliable	39.5
Persons who have not verified dubious information seen online in the last 3 months	Educational attainment: Primary education	Lack of skills or knowledge to check the information	42.7
Persons who have not verified dubious information seen online in the last 3 months	Educational attainment: Primary education	Other reasons	37.9
Persons who have not verified dubious information seen online in the last 3 months	Educational attainment: First stage of secondary education	Total	2,657,162
Persons who have not verified dubious information seen online in the last 3 months	Educational attainment: First stage of secondary education	Knew that the information, content or source was not reliable	51.8
Persons who have not verified dubious information seen online in the last 3 months	Educational attainment: First stage of secondary education	Lack of skills or knowledge to check the information	27.3
Persons who have not verified dubious information seen online in the last 3 months	Educational attainment: First stage of secondary education	Other reasons	32.1
Persons who have not verified dubious information seen online in the last 3 months	Educational attainment: Second stage of secondary education	Total	3,434,023
Persons who have not verified dubious information seen online in the last 3 months	Educational attainment: Second stage of secondary education	Knew that the information, content or source was not reliable	55.4
Persons who have not verified dubious information seen online in the last 3 months	Educational attainment: Second stage of secondary education	Lack of skills or knowledge to check the information	21.8
Persons who have not verified dubious information seen online in the last 3 months	Educational attainment: Second stage of secondary education	Other reasons	34.1
Persons who have not verified dubious information seen online in the last 3 months	Educational attainment: Higher vocational training	Total	1,550,491
Persons who have not verified dubious information seen online in the last 3 months	Educational attainment: Higher vocational training	Knew that the information, content or source was not reliable	56.1
Persons who have not verified dubious information seen online in the last 3 months	Educational attainment: Higher vocational training	Lack of skills or knowledge to check the information	17.5
Persons who have not verified dubious information seen online in the last 3 months	Educational attainment: Higher vocational training	Other reasons	34.8
Persons who have not verified dubious information seen online in the last 3 months	Educational attainment: University diploma and equivalent	Total	1,138,686
Persons who have not verified dubious information seen online in the last 3 months	Educational attainment: University diploma and equivalent	Knew that the information, content or source was not reliable	64.3
Persons who have not verified dubious information seen online in the last 3 months	Educational attainment: University diploma and equivalent	Lack of skills or knowledge to check the information	18.6
Persons who have not verified dubious information seen online in the last 3 months	Educational attainment: University diploma and equivalent	Other reasons	32.4
Persons who have not verified dubious information seen online in the last 3 months	Educational attainment: University degree, master's degree and equivalent	Total	1,712,176
Persons who have not verified dubious information seen online in the last 3 months	Educational attainment: University degree, master's degree and equivalent	Knew that the information, content or source was not reliable	61.8
Persons who have not verified dubious information seen online in the last 3 months	Educational attainment: University degree, master's degree and equivalent	Lack of skills or knowledge to check the information	14.7
Persons who have not verified dubious information seen online in the last 3 months	Educational attainment: University degree, master's degree and equivalent	Other reasons	34.5
Persons who have not verified dubious information seen online in the last 3 months	Educational attainment: Doctorate	Total	129,981
Persons who have not verified dubious information seen online in the last 3 months	Educational attainment: Doctorate	Knew that the information, content or source was not reliable	68.9
Persons who have not verified dubious information seen online in the last 3 months	Educational attainment: Doctorate	Lack of skills or knowledge to check the information	10.2
Persons who have not verified dubious information seen online in the last 3 months	Educational attainment: Doctorate	Other reasons	26.2
Persons who have not verified dubious information seen online in the last 3 months	Educational attainment: Other	Total	131,448
Persons who have not verified dubious information seen online in the last 3 months	Educational attainment: Other	Knew that the information, content or source was not reliable	41.7
Persons who have not verified dubious information seen online in the last 3 months	Educational attainment: Other	Lack of skills or knowledge to check the information	41.3
Persons who have not verified dubious information seen online in the last 3 months	Educational attainment: Other	Other reasons	30.6
Persons who have not verified dubious information seen online in the last 3 months	Employment status: Employed	Total	6,844,777
Persons who have not verified dubious information seen online in the last 3 months	Employment status: Employed	Knew that the information, content or source was not reliable	57.3
Persons who have not verified dubious information seen online in the last 3 months	Employment status: Employed	Lack of skills or knowledge to check the information	18.8
Persons who have not verified dubious information seen online in the last 3 months	Employment status: Employed	Other reasons	35.7
Persons who have not verified dubious information seen online in the last 3 months	Employment status: Unemployed	Total	934,192
Persons who have not verified dubious information seen online in the last 3 months	Employment status: Unemployed	Knew that the information, content or source was not reliable	58.7
Persons who have not verified dubious information seen online in the last 3 months	Employment status: Unemployed	Lack of skills or knowledge to check the information	23.8
Persons who have not verified dubious information seen online in the last 3 months	Employment status: Unemployed	Other reasons	29.8
Persons who have not verified dubious information seen online in the last 3 months	Employment status: Inactive: Students	Total	1,055,573
Persons who have not verified dubious information seen online in the last 3 months	Employment status: Inactive: Students	Knew that the information, content or source was not reliable	55.3
Persons who have not verified dubious information seen online in the last 3 months	Employment status: Inactive: Students	Lack of skills or knowledge to check the information	19.7
Persons who have not verified dubious information seen online in the last 3 months	Employment status: Inactive: Students	Other reasons	31.9
Persons who have not verified dubious information seen online in the last 3 months	Employment status: Inactive: Homemakers	Total	494,822
Persons who have not verified dubious information seen online in the last 3 months	Employment status: Inactive: Homemakers	Knew that the information, content or source was not reliable	40.0
Persons who have not verified dubious information seen online in the last 3 months	Employment status: Inactive: Homemakers	Lack of skills or knowledge to check the information	38.6
Persons who have not verified dubious information seen online in the last 3 months	Employment status: Inactive: Homemakers	Other reasons	36.9
Persons who have not verified dubious information seen online in the last 3 months	Employment status: Inactive: Pensioners	Total	1,893,409
Persons who have not verified dubious information seen online in the last 3 months	Employment status: Inactive: Pensioners	Knew that the information, content or source was not reliable	49.6
Persons who have not verified dubious information seen online in the last 3 months	Employment status: Inactive: Pensioners	Lack of skills or knowledge to check the information	36.7
Persons who have not verified dubious information seen online in the last 3 months	Employment status: Inactive: Pensioners	Other reasons	28.2
Persons who have not verified dubious information seen online in the last 3 months	Employment status: Other employment status	Total	570,289
Persons who have not verified dubious information seen online in the last 3 months	Employment status: Other employment status	Knew that the information, content or source was not reliable	50.7
Persons who have not verified dubious information seen online in the last 3 months	Employment status: Other employment status	Lack of skills or knowledge to check the information	22.2
Persons who have not verified dubious information seen online in the last 3 months	Employment status: Other employment status	Other reasons	37.2
Persons who have not verified dubious information seen online in the last 3 months	Professional status (in main job): Employee with a permanent contract	Total	5,000,028
Persons who have not verified dubious information seen online in the last 3 months	Professional status (in main job): Employee with a permanent contract	Knew that the information, content or source was not reliable	58.8
Persons who have not verified dubious information seen online in the last 3 months	Professional status (in main job): Employee with a permanent contract	Lack of skills or knowledge to check the information	18.0
Persons who have not verified dubious information seen online in the last 3 months	Professional status (in main job): Employee with a permanent contract	Other reasons	34.7
Persons who have not verified dubious information seen online in the last 3 months	Professional status (in main job): Employee with a temporary contract	Total	735,899
Persons who have not verified dubious information seen online in the last 3 months	Professional status (in main job): Employee with a temporary contract	Knew that the information, content or source was not reliable	54.7
Persons who have not verified dubious information seen online in the last 3 months	Professional status (in main job): Employee with a temporary contract	Lack of skills or knowledge to check the information	17.4
Persons who have not verified dubious information seen online in the last 3 months	Professional status (in main job): Employee with a temporary contract	Other reasons	40.9
Persons who have not verified dubious information seen online in the last 3 months	Professional status (in main job): Self-employed with employees	Total	470,731
Persons who have not verified dubious information seen online in the last 3 months	Professional status (in main job): Self-employed with employees	Knew that the information, content or source was not reliable	47.7
Persons who have not verified dubious information seen online in the last 3 months	Professional status (in main job): Self-employed with employees	Lack of skills or knowledge to check the information	21.7
Persons who have not verified dubious information seen online in the last 3 months	Professional status (in main job): Self-employed with employees	Other reasons	45.4
Persons who have not verified dubious information seen online in the last 3 months	Professional status (in main job): Self-employed without employees	Total	604,467
Persons who have not verified dubious information seen online in the last 3 months	Professional status (in main job): Self-employed without employees	Knew that the information, content or source was not reliable	57.9
Persons who have not verified dubious information seen online in the last 3 months	Professional status (in main job): Self-employed without employees	Lack of skills or knowledge to check the information	24.4
Persons who have not verified dubious information seen online in the last 3 months	Professional status (in main job): Self-employed without employees	Other reasons	29.6
Persons who have not verified dubious information seen online in the last 3 months	Professional status (in main job): Contributing family worker (no agreed salary)	Total	33,653
Persons who have not verified dubious information seen online in the last 3 months	Professional status (in main job): Contributing family worker (no agreed salary)	Knew that the information, content or source was not reliable	30.0
Persons who have not verified dubious information seen online in the last 3 months	Professional status (in main job): Contributing family worker (no agreed salary)	Lack of skills or knowledge to check the information	38.4
Persons who have not verified dubious information seen online in the last 3 months	Professional status (in main job): Contributing family worker (no agreed salary)	Other reasons	45.2
Persons who have not verified dubious information seen online in the last 3 months	Working hours (in main job): Full-time	Total	5,697,462
Persons who have not verified dubious information seen online in the last 3 months	Working hours (in main job): Full-time	Knew that the information, content or source was not reliable	57.6
Persons who have not verified dubious information seen online in the last 3 months	Working hours (in main job): Full-time	Lack of skills or knowledge to check the information	18.9
Persons who have not verified dubious information seen online in the last 3 months	Working hours (in main job): Full-time	Other reasons	35.7
Persons who have not verified dubious information seen online in the last 3 months	Working hours (in main job): Part-time	Total	1,147,315
Persons who have not verified dubious information seen online in the last 3 months	Working hours (in main job): Part-time	Knew that the information, content or source was not reliable	56.1
Persons who have not verified dubious information seen online in the last 3 months	Working hours (in main job): Part-time	Lack of skills or knowledge to check the information	18.6
Persons who have not verified dubious information seen online in the last 3 months	Working hours (in main job): Part-time	Other reasons	36.0
Persons who have not verified dubious information seen online in the last 3 months	Main occupation: Manual	Total	2,065,289
Persons who have not verified dubious information seen online in the last 3 months	Main occupation: Manual	Knew that the information, content or source was not reliable	51.6
Persons who have not verified dubious information seen online in the last 3 months	Main occupation: Manual	Lack of skills or knowledge to check the information	20.5
Persons who have not verified dubious information seen online in the last 3 months	Main occupation: Manual	Other reasons	37.9
Persons who have not verified dubious information seen online in the last 3 months	Main occupation: Non-manual	Total	4,779,489
Persons who have not verified dubious information seen online in the last 3 months	Main occupation: Non-manual	Knew that the information, content or source was not reliable	59.8
Persons who have not verified dubious information seen online in the last 3 months	Main occupation: Non-manual	Lack of skills or knowledge to check the information	18.1
Persons who have not verified dubious information seen online in the last 3 months	Main occupation: Non-manual	Other reasons	34.8
Persons who have not verified dubious information seen online in the last 3 months	Main occupation: ICT workers	Total	204,599
Persons who have not verified dubious information seen online in the last 3 months	Main occupation: ICT workers	Knew that the information, content or source was not reliable	63.3
Persons who have not verified dubious information seen online in the last 3 months	Main occupation: ICT workers	Lack of skills or knowledge to check the information	11.4
Persons who have not verified dubious information seen online in the last 3 months	Main occupation: ICT workers	Other reasons	37.6
Persons who have not verified dubious information seen online in the last 3 months	Main occupation: Other workers	Total	6,640,179
Persons who have not verified dubious information seen online in the last 3 months	Main occupation: Other workers	Knew that the information, content or source was not reliable	57.2
Persons who have not verified dubious information seen online in the last 3 months	Main occupation: Other workers	Lack of skills or knowledge to check the information	19.1
Persons who have not verified dubious information seen online in the last 3 months	Main occupation: Other workers	Other reasons	35.7
Persons who have not verified dubious information seen online in the last 3 months	Net monthly income per consumption unit: First quintile	Total	2,236,150
Persons who have not verified dubious information seen online in the last 3 months	Net monthly income per consumption unit: First quintile	Knew that the information, content or source was not reliable	54.1
Persons who have not verified dubious information seen online in the last 3 months	Net monthly income per consumption unit: First quintile	Lack of skills or knowledge to check the information	21.0
Persons who have not verified dubious information seen online in the last 3 months	Net monthly income per consumption unit: First quintile	Other reasons	35.2
Persons who have not verified dubious information seen online in the last 3 months	Net monthly income per consumption unit: Second quintile	Total	2,117,780
Persons who have not verified dubious information seen online in the last 3 months	Net monthly income per consumption unit: Second quintile	Knew that the information, content or source was not reliable	47.7
Persons who have not verified dubious information seen online in the last 3 months	Net monthly income per consumption unit: Second quintile	Lack of skills or knowledge to check the information	26.8
Persons who have not verified dubious information seen online in the last 3 months	Net monthly income per consumption unit: Second quintile	Other reasons	39.1
Persons who have not verified dubious information seen online in the last 3 months	Net monthly income per consumption unit: Third quintile	Total	2,108,968
Persons who have not verified dubious information seen online in the last 3 months	Net monthly income per consumption unit: Third quintile	Knew that the information, content or source was not reliable	52.2
Persons who have not verified dubious information seen online in the last 3 months	Net monthly income per consumption unit: Third quintile	Lack of skills or knowledge to check the information	24.9
Persons who have not verified dubious information seen online in the last 3 months	Net monthly income per consumption unit: Third quintile	Other reasons	35.6
Persons who have not verified dubious information seen online in the last 3 months	Net monthly income per consumption unit: Fourth quintile	Total	2,249,325
Persons who have not verified dubious information seen online in the last 3 months	Net monthly income per consumption unit: Fourth quintile	Knew that the information, content or source was not reliable	55.6
Persons who have not verified dubious information seen online in the last 3 months	Net monthly income per consumption unit: Fourth quintile	Lack of skills or knowledge to check the information	25.8
Persons who have not verified dubious information seen online in the last 3 months	Net monthly income per consumption unit: Fourth quintile	Other reasons	30.8
Persons who have not verified dubious information seen online in the last 3 months	Net monthly income per consumption unit: Fifth quintile	Total	2,269,632
Persons who have not verified dubious information seen online in the last 3 months	Net monthly income per consumption unit: Fifth quintile	Knew that the information, content or source was not reliable	60.6
Persons who have not verified dubious information seen online in the last 3 months	Net monthly income per consumption unit: Fifth quintile	Lack of skills or knowledge to check the information	21.9
Persons who have not verified dubious information seen online in the last 3 months	Net monthly income per consumption unit: Fifth quintile	Other reasons	30.1
Persons who have not verified dubious information seen online in the last 3 months	Net monthly income per consumption unit: Don't know/No answer	Total	811,207
Persons who have not verified dubious information seen online in the last 3 months	Net monthly income per consumption unit: Don't know/No answer	Knew that the information, content or source was not reliable	66.1
Persons who have not verified dubious information seen online in the last 3 months	Net monthly income per consumption unit: Don't know/No answer	Lack of skills or knowledge to check the information	11.7
Persons who have not verified dubious information seen online in the last 3 months	Net monthly income per consumption unit: Don't know/No answer	Other reasons	30.2