OECD countries;Resources allocated to R&D;Periodo;Total
Australia;Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2020;..
Australia;Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2019;1,8
Australia;Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2018;..
Australia;Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2017;1,79
Australia;Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2016;..
Australia;R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees;2020;..
Australia;R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees;2019;..
Australia;R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees;2018;..
Australia;R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees;2017;..
Australia;R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees;2016;..
Australia;Total researchers (head count);2020;..
Australia;Total researchers (head count);2019;..
Australia;Total researchers (head count);2018;..
Australia;Total researchers (head count);2017;..
Australia;Total researchers (head count);2016;..
Australia;Women as a percentage of all researchers;2020;..
Australia;Women as a percentage of all researchers;2019;..
Australia;Women as a percentage of all researchers;2018;..
Australia;Women as a percentage of all researchers;2017;..
Australia;Women as a percentage of all researchers;2016;..
Austria;Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2020;3,2
Austria;Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2019;3,13
Austria;Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2018;3,09
Austria;Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2017;3,06
Austria;Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2016;3,12
Austria;R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees;2020;18,3
Austria;R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees;2019;18,4
Austria;R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees;2018;17,9
Austria;R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees;2017;17,2
Austria;R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees;2016;17,3
Austria;Total researchers (head count);2020;..
Austria;Total researchers (head count);2019;93.179
Austria;Total researchers (head count);2018;..
Austria;Total researchers (head count);2017;83.648
Austria;Total researchers (head count);2016;..
Austria;Women as a percentage of all researchers;2020;..
Austria;Women as a percentage of all researchers;2019;30,4
Austria;Women as a percentage of all researchers;2018;..
Austria;Women as a percentage of all researchers;2017;30,1
Austria;Women as a percentage of all researchers;2016;..
Belgium;Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2020;3,48
Belgium;Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2019;3,16
Belgium;Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2018;2,86
Belgium;Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2017;2,67
Belgium;Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2016;2,52
Belgium;R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees;2020;21
Belgium;R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees;2019;19,1
Belgium;R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees;2018;18,4
Belgium;R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees;2017;17,4
Belgium;R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees;2016;16,9
Belgium;Total researchers (head count);2020;..
Belgium;Total researchers (head count);2019;91.757
Belgium;Total researchers (head count);2018;..
Belgium;Total researchers (head count);2017;78.867
Belgium;Total researchers (head count);2016;..
Belgium;Women as a percentage of all researchers;2020;..
Belgium;Women as a percentage of all researchers;2019;32,6
Belgium;Women as a percentage of all researchers;2018;..
Belgium;Women as a percentage of all researchers;2017;34,8
Belgium;Women as a percentage of all researchers;2016;..
Canada;Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2020;1,7
Canada;Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2019;1,59
Canada;Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2018;1,68
Canada;Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2017;1,69
Canada;Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2016;1,73
Canada;R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees;2020;..
Canada;R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees;2019;..
Canada;R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees;2018;12,5
Canada;R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees;2017;12,3
Canada;R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees;2016;12,4
Canada;Total researchers (head count);2020;..
Canada;Total researchers (head count);2019;..
Canada;Total researchers (head count);2018;..
Canada;Total researchers (head count);2017;..
Canada;Total researchers (head count);2016;..
Canada;Women as a percentage of all researchers;2020;..
Canada;Women as a percentage of all researchers;2019;..
Canada;Women as a percentage of all researchers;2018;..
Canada;Women as a percentage of all researchers;2017;..
Canada;Women as a percentage of all researchers;2016;..
Chile;Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2020;..
Chile;Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2019;0,34
Chile;Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2018;0,37
Chile;Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2017;0,36
Chile;Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2016;0,37
Chile;R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees;2020;..
Chile;R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees;2019;1,9
Chile;R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees;2018;2
Chile;R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees;2017;2
Chile;R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees;2016;2
Chile;Total researchers (head count);2020;..
Chile;Total researchers (head count);2019;15.438
Chile;Total researchers (head count);2018;15.467
Chile;Total researchers (head count);2017;14.392
Chile;Total researchers (head count);2016;14.181
Chile;Women as a percentage of all researchers;2020;..
Chile;Women as a percentage of all researchers;2019;34,8
Chile;Women as a percentage of all researchers;2018;32,4
Chile;Women as a percentage of all researchers;2017;34,4
Chile;Women as a percentage of all researchers;2016;33,1
Colombia;Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2020;0,29
Colombia;Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2019;0,32
Colombia;Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2018;0,31
Colombia;Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2017;0,26
Colombia;Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2016;0,27
Colombia;R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees;2020;..
Colombia;R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees;2019;..
Colombia;R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees;2018;..
Colombia;R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees;2017;..
Colombia;R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees;2016;..
Colombia;Total researchers (head count);2020;..
Colombia;Total researchers (head count);2019;..
Colombia;Total researchers (head count);2018;..
Colombia;Total researchers (head count);2017;..
Colombia;Total researchers (head count);2016;..
Colombia;Women as a percentage of all researchers;2020;..
Colombia;Women as a percentage of all researchers;2019;..
Colombia;Women as a percentage of all researchers;2018;..
Colombia;Women as a percentage of all researchers;2017;..
Colombia;Women as a percentage of all researchers;2016;..
Czech Republic;Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2020;1,99
Czech Republic;Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2019;1,93
Czech Republic;Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2018;1,9
Czech Republic;Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2017;1,77
Czech Republic;Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2016;1,67
Czech Republic;R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees;2020;15,2
Czech Republic;R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees;2019;14,6
Czech Republic;R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees;2018;13,8
Czech Republic;R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees;2017;13
Czech Republic;R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees;2016;12,5
Czech Republic;Total researchers (head count);2020;65.193
Czech Republic;Total researchers (head count);2019;63.690
Czech Republic;Total researchers (head count);2018;61.966
Czech Republic;Total researchers (head count);2017;59.789
Czech Republic;Total researchers (head count);2016;56.178
Czech Republic;Women as a percentage of all researchers;2020;27,6
Czech Republic;Women as a percentage of all researchers;2019;27,2
Czech Republic;Women as a percentage of all researchers;2018;26,6
Czech Republic;Women as a percentage of all researchers;2017;26,8
Czech Republic;Women as a percentage of all researchers;2016;26,7
Denmark;Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2020;2,96
Denmark;Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2019;2,89
Denmark;Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2018;2,97
Denmark;Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2017;2,93
Denmark;Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2016;3,09
Denmark;R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees;2020;20,8
Denmark;R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees;2019;20,7
Denmark;R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees;2018;20,2
Denmark;R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees;2017;20,6
Denmark;R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees;2016;21,9
Denmark;Total researchers (head count);2020;61.481
Denmark;Total researchers (head count);2019;61.573
Denmark;Total researchers (head count);2018;60.389
Denmark;Total researchers (head count);2017;60.085
Denmark;Total researchers (head count);2016;60.782
Denmark;Women as a percentage of all researchers;2020;..
Denmark;Women as a percentage of all researchers;2019;35,3
Denmark;Women as a percentage of all researchers;2018;..
Denmark;Women as a percentage of all researchers;2017;35,7
Denmark;Women as a percentage of all researchers;2016;..
Estonia;Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2020;1,79
Estonia;Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2019;1,63
Estonia;Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2018;1,42
Estonia;Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2017;1,28
Estonia;Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2016;1,24
Estonia;R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees;2020;10,2
Estonia;R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees;2019;9,9
Estonia;R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees;2018;9,5
Estonia;R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees;2017;9,4
Estonia;R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees;2016;9,2
Estonia;Total researchers (head count);2020;..
Estonia;Total researchers (head count);2019;7.734
Estonia;Total researchers (head count);2018;7.281
Estonia;Total researchers (head count);2017;7.344
Estonia;Total researchers (head count);2016;6.845
Estonia;Women as a percentage of all researchers;2020;..
Estonia;Women as a percentage of all researchers;2019;42,4
Estonia;Women as a percentage of all researchers;2018;43,9
Estonia;Women as a percentage of all researchers;2017;42,2
Estonia;Women as a percentage of all researchers;2016;43,6
Finland;Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2020;2,91
Finland;Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2019;2,8
Finland;Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2018;2,76
Finland;Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2017;2,73
Finland;Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2016;2,72
Finland;R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees;2020;20,4
Finland;R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees;2019;19,3
Finland;R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees;2018;19
Finland;R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees;2017;19,1
Finland;R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees;2016;18,7
Finland;Total researchers (head count);2020;..
Finland;Total researchers (head count);2019;58.291
Finland;Total researchers (head count);2018;55.415
Finland;Total researchers (head count);2017;54.139
Finland;Total researchers (head count);2016;53.752
Finland;Women as a percentage of all researchers;2020;..
Finland;Women as a percentage of all researchers;2019;33,7
Finland;Women as a percentage of all researchers;2018;33,7
Finland;Women as a percentage of all researchers;2017;33,2
Finland;Women as a percentage of all researchers;2016;32,5
France;Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2020;2,35
France;Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2019;2,19
France;Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2018;2,2
France;Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2017;2,2
France;Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2016;2,22
France;R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees;2020;16,7
France;R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees;2019;16,2
France;R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees;2018;16,1
France;R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees;2017;15,9
France;R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees;2016;15,7
France;Total researchers (head count);2020;..
France;Total researchers (head count);2019;..
France;Total researchers (head count);2018;429.959
France;Total researchers (head count);2017;416.217
France;Total researchers (head count);2016;396.594
France;Women as a percentage of all researchers;2020;..
France;Women as a percentage of all researchers;2019;..
France;Women as a percentage of all researchers;2018;..
France;Women as a percentage of all researchers;2017;28,3
France;Women as a percentage of all researchers;2016;28
Germany;Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2020;3,14
Germany;Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2019;3,17
Germany;Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2018;3,11
Germany;Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2017;3,05
Germany;Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2016;2,94
Germany;R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees;2020;16,4
Germany;R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees;2019;16,3
Germany;R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees;2018;15,8
Germany;R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees;2017;15,5
Germany;R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees;2016;15,1
Germany;Total researchers (head count);2020;..
Germany;Total researchers (head count);2019;667.394
Germany;Total researchers (head count);2018;..
Germany;Total researchers (head count);2017;623.125
Germany;Total researchers (head count);2016;..
Germany;Women as a percentage of all researchers;2020;..
Germany;Women as a percentage of all researchers;2019;28,1
Germany;Women as a percentage of all researchers;2018;..
Germany;Women as a percentage of all researchers;2017;27,9
Germany;Women as a percentage of all researchers;2016;..
Greece;Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2020;1,5
Greece;Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2019;1,28
Greece;Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2018;1,21
Greece;Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2017;1,15
Greece;Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2016;1,01
Greece;R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees;2020;12,7
Greece;R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees;2019;11,8
Greece;R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees;2018;11,4
Greece;R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees;2017;10,7
Greece;R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees;2016;9,4
Greece;Total researchers (head count);2020;..
Greece;Total researchers (head count);2019;66.451
Greece;Total researchers (head count);2018;..
Greece;Total researchers (head count);2017;61.616
Greece;Total researchers (head count);2016;..
Greece;Women as a percentage of all researchers;2020;..
Greece;Women as a percentage of all researchers;2019;39
Greece;Women as a percentage of all researchers;2018;..
Greece;Women as a percentage of all researchers;2017;37,8
Greece;Women as a percentage of all researchers;2016;..
Hungary;Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2020;1,61
Hungary;Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2019;1,48
Hungary;Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2018;1,51
Hungary;Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2017;1,32
Hungary;Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2016;1,18
Hungary;R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees;2020;12,8
Hungary;R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees;2019;12,1
Hungary;R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees;2018;11,7
Hungary;R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees;2017;8,9
Hungary;R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees;2016;8
Hungary;Total researchers (head count);2020;..
Hungary;Total researchers (head count);2019;58.091
Hungary;Total researchers (head count);2018;54.970
Hungary;Total researchers (head count);2017;42.729
Hungary;Total researchers (head count);2016;38.915
Hungary;Women as a percentage of all researchers;2020;..
Hungary;Women as a percentage of all researchers;2019;30
Hungary;Women as a percentage of all researchers;2018;28
Hungary;Women as a percentage of all researchers;2017;30,5
Hungary;Women as a percentage of all researchers;2016;30,8
Iceland;Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2020;2,47
Iceland;Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2019;2,32
Iceland;Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2018;2
Iceland;Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2017;2,08
Iceland;Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2016;2,11
Iceland;R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees;2020;..
Iceland;R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees;2019;..
Iceland;R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees;2018;..
Iceland;R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees;2017;16,1
Iceland;R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees;2016;..
Iceland;Total researchers (head count);2020;..
Iceland;Total researchers (head count);2019;..
Iceland;Total researchers (head count);2018;..
Iceland;Total researchers (head count);2017;3.783
Iceland;Total researchers (head count);2016;..
Iceland;Women as a percentage of all researchers;2020;..
Iceland;Women as a percentage of all researchers;2019;..
Iceland;Women as a percentage of all researchers;2018;..
Iceland;Women as a percentage of all researchers;2017;46,4
Iceland;Women as a percentage of all researchers;2016;..
Ireland;Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2020;1,23
Ireland;Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2019;1,23
Ireland;Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2018;1,17
Ireland;Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2017;1,26
Ireland;Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2016;1,18
Ireland;R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees;2020;14,7
Ireland;R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees;2019;14,1
Ireland;R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees;2018;14,2
Ireland;R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees;2017;15,8
Ireland;R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees;2016;16,5
Ireland;Total researchers (head count);2020;..
Ireland;Total researchers (head count);2019;37.003
Ireland;Total researchers (head count);2018;..
Ireland;Total researchers (head count);2017;34.721
Ireland;Total researchers (head count);2016;..
Ireland;Women as a percentage of all researchers;2020;..
Ireland;Women as a percentage of all researchers;2019;38,1
Ireland;Women as a percentage of all researchers;2018;..
Ireland;Women as a percentage of all researchers;2017;36,3
Ireland;Women as a percentage of all researchers;2016;..
Israel;Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2020;5,44
Israel;Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2019;5,14
Israel;Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2018;4,8
Israel;Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2017;4,66
Israel;Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2016;4,51
Israel;R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees;2020;..
Israel;R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees;2019;..
Israel;R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees;2018;..
Israel;R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees;2017;..
Israel;R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees;2016;..
Israel;Total researchers (head count);2020;..
Israel;Total researchers (head count);2019;..
Israel;Total researchers (head count);2018;..
Israel;Total researchers (head count);2017;..
Israel;Total researchers (head count);2016;..
Israel;Women as a percentage of all researchers;2020;..
Israel;Women as a percentage of all researchers;2019;..
Israel;Women as a percentage of all researchers;2018;..
Israel;Women as a percentage of all researchers;2017;..
Israel;Women as a percentage of all researchers;2016;..
Italy;Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2020;1,53
Italy;Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2019;1,46
Italy;Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2018;1,42
Italy;Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2017;1,37
Italy;Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2016;1,37
Italy;R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees;2020;14
Italy;R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees;2019;14
Italy;R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees;2018;13,6
Italy;R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees;2017;12,6
Italy;R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees;2016;11,7
Italy;Total researchers (head count);2020;..
Italy;Total researchers (head count);2019;222.165
Italy;Total researchers (head count);2018;210.419
Italy;Total researchers (head count);2017;195.560
Italy;Total researchers (head count);2016;185.916
Italy;Women as a percentage of all researchers;2020;..
Italy;Women as a percentage of all researchers;2019;34,2
Italy;Women as a percentage of all researchers;2018;33,8
Italy;Women as a percentage of all researchers;2017;34,3
Italy;Women as a percentage of all researchers;2016;35,2
Japan;Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2020;3,27
Japan;Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2019;3,21
Japan;Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2018;3,22
Japan;Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2017;3,17
Japan;Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2016;3,11
Japan;R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees;2020;13,3
Japan;R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees;2019;13
Japan;R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees;2018;13,1
Japan;R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees;2017;13,2
Japan;R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees;2016;13
Japan;Total researchers (head count);2020;951.726
Japan;Total researchers (head count);2019;942.180
Japan;Total researchers (head count);2018;935.658
Japan;Total researchers (head count);2017;930.720
Japan;Total researchers (head count);2016;917.725
Japan;Women as a percentage of all researchers;2020;17,5
Japan;Women as a percentage of all researchers;2019;16,9
Japan;Women as a percentage of all researchers;2018;16,6
Japan;Women as a percentage of all researchers;2017;16,2
Japan;Women as a percentage of all researchers;2016;15,7
Korea;Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2020;4,81
Korea;Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2019;4,63
Korea;Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2018;4,52
Korea;Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2017;4,29
Korea;Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2016;3,99
Korea;R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees;2020;20,3
Korea;R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees;2019;19,4
Korea;R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees;2018;18,7
Korea;R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees;2017;17,6
Korea;R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees;2016;16,9
Korea;Total researchers (head count);2020;558.045
Korea;Total researchers (head count);2019;538.136
Korea;Total researchers (head count);2018;514.170
Korea;Total researchers (head count);2017;482.796
Korea;Total researchers (head count);2016;460.769
Korea;Women as a percentage of all researchers;2020;21,4
Korea;Women as a percentage of all researchers;2019;21
Korea;Women as a percentage of all researchers;2018;20,4
Korea;Women as a percentage of all researchers;2017;20,1
Korea;Women as a percentage of all researchers;2016;19,7
Latvia;Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2020;0,71
Latvia;Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2019;0,64
Latvia;Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2018;0,64
Latvia;Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2017;0,51
Latvia;Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2016;0,44
Latvia;R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees;2020;7,5
Latvia;R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees;2019;6,6
Latvia;R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees;2018;6,4
Latvia;R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees;2017;6,1
Latvia;R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees;2016;5,8
Latvia;Total researchers (head count);2020;..
Latvia;Total researchers (head count);2019;7.724
Latvia;Total researchers (head count);2018;7.439
Latvia;Total researchers (head count);2017;7.504
Latvia;Total researchers (head count);2016;7.400
Latvia;Women as a percentage of all researchers;2020;..
Latvia;Women as a percentage of all researchers;2019;50,6
Latvia;Women as a percentage of all researchers;2018;50,7
Latvia;Women as a percentage of all researchers;2017;52,2
Latvia;Women as a percentage of all researchers;2016;52,2
Lithuania;Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2020;1,16
Lithuania;Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2019;0,99
Lithuania;Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2018;0,94
Lithuania;Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2017;0,9
Lithuania;Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2016;0,84
Lithuania;R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees;2020;10,5
Lithuania;R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees;2019;9,4
Lithuania;R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees;2018;8,7
Lithuania;R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees;2017;8,5
Lithuania;R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees;2016;8
Lithuania;Total researchers (head count);2020;..
Lithuania;Total researchers (head count);2019;18.811
Lithuania;Total researchers (head count);2018;19.198
Lithuania;Total researchers (head count);2017;18.767
Lithuania;Total researchers (head count);2016;17.746
Lithuania;Women as a percentage of all researchers;2020;..
Lithuania;Women as a percentage of all researchers;2019;49,1
Lithuania;Women as a percentage of all researchers;2018;49
Lithuania;Women as a percentage of all researchers;2017;49,5
Lithuania;Women as a percentage of all researchers;2016;51,6
Luxembourg;Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2020;1,13
Luxembourg;Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2019;1,18
Luxembourg;Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2018;1,17
Luxembourg;Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2017;1,24
Luxembourg;Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2016;1,27
Luxembourg;R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees;2020;12
Luxembourg;R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees;2019;12,5
Luxembourg;R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees;2018;12,2
Luxembourg;R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees;2017;12,8
Luxembourg;R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees;2016;12,9
Luxembourg;Total researchers (head count);2020;..
Luxembourg;Total researchers (head count);2019;3.722
Luxembourg;Total researchers (head count);2018;..
Luxembourg;Total researchers (head count);2017;3.540
Luxembourg;Total researchers (head count);2016;..
Luxembourg;Women as a percentage of all researchers;2020;..
Luxembourg;Women as a percentage of all researchers;2019;27,4
Luxembourg;Women as a percentage of all researchers;2018;..
Luxembourg;Women as a percentage of all researchers;2017;28,1
Luxembourg;Women as a percentage of all researchers;2016;..
Mexico;Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2020;0,3
Mexico;Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2019;0,28
Mexico;Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2018;0,31
Mexico;Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2017;0,33
Mexico;Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2016;0,39
Mexico;R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees;2020;1,9
Mexico;R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees;2019;1,7
Mexico;R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees;2018;1,6
Mexico;R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees;2017;1,7
Mexico;R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees;2016;1,7
Mexico;Total researchers (head count);2020;62.356
Mexico;Total researchers (head count);2019;58.013
Mexico;Total researchers (head count);2018;54.539
Mexico;Total researchers (head count);2017;54.578
Mexico;Total researchers (head count);2016;54.357
Mexico;Women as a percentage of all researchers;2020;32,3
Mexico;Women as a percentage of all researchers;2019;32,8
Mexico;Women as a percentage of all researchers;2018;33,2
Mexico;Women as a percentage of all researchers;2017;33,5
Mexico;Women as a percentage of all researchers;2016;33,7
Netherlands;Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2020;2,29
Netherlands;Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2019;2,18
Netherlands;Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2018;2,14
Netherlands;Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2017;2,18
Netherlands;Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2016;2,15
Netherlands;R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees;2020;16,9
Netherlands;R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees;2019;16,7
Netherlands;R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees;2018;16,7
Netherlands;R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees;2017;16,4
Netherlands;R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees;2016;16,2
Netherlands;Total researchers (head count);2020;..
Netherlands;Total researchers (head count);2019;136.034
Netherlands;Total researchers (head count);2018;130.153
Netherlands;Total researchers (head count);2017;124.834
Netherlands;Total researchers (head count);2016;124.568
Netherlands;Women as a percentage of all researchers;2020;..
Netherlands;Women as a percentage of all researchers;2019;27,9
Netherlands;Women as a percentage of all researchers;2018;27
Netherlands;Women as a percentage of all researchers;2017;26,1
Netherlands;Women as a percentage of all researchers;2016;26,1
New Zealand;Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2020;..
New Zealand;Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2019;1,41
New Zealand;Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2018;..
New Zealand;Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2017;1,35
New Zealand;Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2016;..
New Zealand;R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees;2020;..
New Zealand;R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees;2019;14,8
New Zealand;R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees;2018;..
New Zealand;R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees;2017;13,4
New Zealand;R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees;2016;..
New Zealand;Total researchers (head count);2020;..
New Zealand;Total researchers (head count);2019;44.000
New Zealand;Total researchers (head count);2018;..
New Zealand;Total researchers (head count);2017;40.000
New Zealand;Total researchers (head count);2016;..
New Zealand;Women as a percentage of all researchers;2020;..
New Zealand;Women as a percentage of all researchers;2019;..
New Zealand;Women as a percentage of all researchers;2018;..
New Zealand;Women as a percentage of all researchers;2017;..
New Zealand;Women as a percentage of all researchers;2016;..
Norway;Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2020;2,28
Norway;Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2019;2,16
Norway;Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2018;2,05
Norway;Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2017;2,1
Norway;Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2016;2,04
Norway;R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees;2020;17,5
Norway;R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees;2019;17,2
Norway;R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees;2018;16,7
Norway;R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees;2017;16,8
Norway;R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees;2016;16,2
Norway;Total researchers (head count);2020;..
Norway;Total researchers (head count);2019;61.657
Norway;Total researchers (head count);2018;59.629
Norway;Total researchers (head count);2017;57.934
Norway;Total researchers (head count);2016;54.601
Norway;Women as a percentage of all researchers;2020;..
Norway;Women as a percentage of all researchers;2019;38,6
Norway;Women as a percentage of all researchers;2018;38,8
Norway;Women as a percentage of all researchers;2017;38,1
Norway;Women as a percentage of all researchers;2016;37,6
Poland;Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2020;1,39
Poland;Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2019;1,32
Poland;Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2018;1,21
Poland;Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2017;1,03
Poland;Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2016;0,96
Poland;R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees;2020;10,6
Poland;R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees;2019;10
Poland;R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees;2018;9,9
Poland;R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees;2017;8,8
Poland;R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees;2016;6,9
Poland;Total researchers (head count);2020;..
Poland;Total researchers (head count);2019;194.607
Poland;Total researchers (head count);2018;192.833
Poland;Total researchers (head count);2017;187.905
Poland;Total researchers (head count);2016;132.547
Poland;Women as a percentage of all researchers;2020;..
Poland;Women as a percentage of all researchers;2019;37,6
Poland;Women as a percentage of all researchers;2018;37,9
Poland;Women as a percentage of all researchers;2017;38,1
Poland;Women as a percentage of all researchers;2016;36,4
Portugal;Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2020;1,62
Portugal;Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2019;1,4
Portugal;Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2018;1,35
Portugal;Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2017;1,32
Portugal;Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2016;1,28
Portugal;R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees;2020;13,6
Portugal;R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees;2019;12,4
Portugal;R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees;2018;11,8
Portugal;R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees;2017;11,5
Portugal;R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees;2016;10,8
Portugal;Total researchers (head count);2020;104.681
Portugal;Total researchers (head count);2019;100.823
Portugal;Total researchers (head count);2018;96.123
Portugal;Total researchers (head count);2017;89.659
Portugal;Total researchers (head count);2016;85.780
Portugal;Women as a percentage of all researchers;2020;42,5
Portugal;Women as a percentage of all researchers;2019;42,8
Portugal;Women as a percentage of all researchers;2018;43,3
Portugal;Women as a percentage of all researchers;2017;43,7
Portugal;Women as a percentage of all researchers;2016;43,5
Slovak Republic;Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2020;0,91
Slovak Republic;Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2019;0,83
Slovak Republic;Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2018;0,84
Slovak Republic;Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2017;0,89
Slovak Republic;Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2016;0,79
Slovak Republic;R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees;2020;9,3
Slovak Republic;R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees;2019;8,7
Slovak Republic;R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees;2018;8,4
Slovak Republic;R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees;2017;8
Slovak Republic;R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees;2016;7,7
Slovak Republic;Total researchers (head count);2020;28.696
Slovak Republic;Total researchers (head count);2019;28.851
Slovak Republic;Total researchers (head count);2018;28.755
Slovak Republic;Total researchers (head count);2017;26.861
Slovak Republic;Total researchers (head count);2016;26.720
Slovak Republic;Women as a percentage of all researchers;2020;41,1
Slovak Republic;Women as a percentage of all researchers;2019;41
Slovak Republic;Women as a percentage of all researchers;2018;41,2
Slovak Republic;Women as a percentage of all researchers;2017;41,9
Slovak Republic;Women as a percentage of all researchers;2016;41,4
Slovenia;Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2020;2,15
Slovenia;Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2019;2,05
Slovenia;Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2018;1,95
Slovenia;Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2017;1,87
Slovenia;Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2016;2,01
Slovenia;R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees;2020;15,2
Slovenia;R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees;2019;16,2
Slovenia;R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees;2018;15,4
Slovenia;R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees;2017;14,9
Slovenia;R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees;2016;15
Slovenia;Total researchers (head count);2020;..
Slovenia;Total researchers (head count);2019;15.925
Slovenia;Total researchers (head count);2018;15.388
Slovenia;Total researchers (head count);2017;14.079
Slovenia;Total researchers (head count);2016;11.282
Slovenia;Women as a percentage of all researchers;2020;..
Slovenia;Women as a percentage of all researchers;2019;33,3
Slovenia;Women as a percentage of all researchers;2018;32,5
Slovenia;Women as a percentage of all researchers;2017;32,3
Slovenia;Women as a percentage of all researchers;2016;34,5
Spain;Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2020;1,41
Spain;Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2019;1,25
Spain;Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2018;1,24
Spain;Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2017;1,21
Spain;Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2016;1,19
Spain;R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees;2020;11,9
Spain;R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees;2019;11,4
Spain;R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees;2018;11,4
Spain;R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees;2017;11,1
Spain;R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees;2016;10,9
Spain;Total researchers (head count);2020;..
Spain;Total researchers (head count);2019;241.372
Spain;Total researchers (head count);2018;234.798
Spain;Total researchers (head count);2017;225.995
Spain;Total researchers (head count);2016;218.680
Spain;Women as a percentage of all researchers;2020;..
Spain;Women as a percentage of all researchers;2019;41,3
Spain;Women as a percentage of all researchers;2018;40,8
Spain;Women as a percentage of all researchers;2017;40,5
Spain;Women as a percentage of all researchers;2016;40,2
Sweden;Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2020;3,53
Sweden;Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2019;3,39
Sweden;Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2018;3,32
Sweden;Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2017;3,36
Sweden;Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2016;3,25
Sweden;R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees;2020;18,9
Sweden;R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees;2019;18
Sweden;R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees;2018;18
Sweden;R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees;2017;17,7
Sweden;R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees;2016;18,5
Sweden;Total researchers (head count);2020;..
Sweden;Total researchers (head count);2019;111.179
Sweden;Total researchers (head count);2018;..
Sweden;Total researchers (head count);2017;107.042
Sweden;Total researchers (head count);2016;..
Sweden;Women as a percentage of all researchers;2020;..
Sweden;Women as a percentage of all researchers;2019;33,3
Sweden;Women as a percentage of all researchers;2018;..
Sweden;Women as a percentage of all researchers;2017;32,6
Sweden;Women as a percentage of all researchers;2016;..
Switzerland;Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2020;..
Switzerland;Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2019;3,15
Switzerland;Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2018;..
Switzerland;Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2017;3,03
Switzerland;Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2016;..
Switzerland;R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees;2020;..
Switzerland;R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees;2019;16,9
Switzerland;R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees;2018;..
Switzerland;R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees;2017;15,8
Switzerland;R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees;2016;..
Switzerland;Total researchers (head count);2020;..
Switzerland;Total researchers (head count);2019;77.492
Switzerland;Total researchers (head count);2018;..
Switzerland;Total researchers (head count);2017;71.657
Switzerland;Total researchers (head count);2016;..
Switzerland;Women as a percentage of all researchers;2020;..
Switzerland;Women as a percentage of all researchers;2019;35,8
Switzerland;Women as a percentage of all researchers;2018;..
Switzerland;Women as a percentage of all researchers;2017;35,2
Switzerland;Women as a percentage of all researchers;2016;..
Turkey;Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2020;1,09
Turkey;Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2019;1,06
Turkey;Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2018;1,03
Turkey;Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2017;0,95
Turkey;Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2016;0,94
Turkey;R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees;2020;7,5
Turkey;R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees;2019;6,6
Turkey;R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees;2018;6
Turkey;R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees;2017;5,5
Turkey;R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees;2016;5,1
Turkey;Total researchers (head count);2020;257.930
Turkey;Total researchers (head count);2019;243.773
Turkey;Total researchers (head count);2018;230.030
Turkey;Total researchers (head count);2017;210.769
Turkey;Total researchers (head count);2016;191.769
Turkey;Women as a percentage of all researchers;2020;36,7
Turkey;Women as a percentage of all researchers;2019;37
Turkey;Women as a percentage of all researchers;2018;36,8
Turkey;Women as a percentage of all researchers;2017;37
Turkey;Women as a percentage of all researchers;2016;36,7
The United Kingdom;Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2020;..
The United Kingdom;Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2019;1,71
The United Kingdom;Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2018;1,7
The United Kingdom;Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2017;1,66
The United Kingdom;Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2016;1,64
The United Kingdom;R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees;2020;..
The United Kingdom;R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees;2019;14,5
The United Kingdom;R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees;2018;14,3
The United Kingdom;R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees;2017;13,8
The United Kingdom;R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees;2016;13,1
The United Kingdom;Total researchers (head count);2020;..
The United Kingdom;Total researchers (head count);2019;548.498
The United Kingdom;Total researchers (head count);2018;535.477
The United Kingdom;Total researchers (head count);2017;520.936
The United Kingdom;Total researchers (head count);2016;510.980
The United Kingdom;Women as a percentage of all researchers;2020;..
The United Kingdom;Women as a percentage of all researchers;2019;39
The United Kingdom;Women as a percentage of all researchers;2018;38,6
The United Kingdom;Women as a percentage of all researchers;2017;38,7
The United Kingdom;Women as a percentage of all researchers;2016;38,7
The United States;Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2020;3,45
The United States;Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2019;3,18
The United States;Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2018;3,01
The United States;Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2017;2,91
The United States;Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2016;2,85
The United States;R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees;2020;..
The United States;R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees;2019;..
The United States;R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees;2018;..
The United States;R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees;2017;..
The United States;R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees;2016;..
The United States;Total researchers (head count);2020;..
The United States;Total researchers (head count);2019;..
The United States;Total researchers (head count);2018;..
The United States;Total researchers (head count);2017;..
The United States;Total researchers (head count);2016;..
The United States;Women as a percentage of all researchers;2020;..
The United States;Women as a percentage of all researchers;2019;..
The United States;Women as a percentage of all researchers;2018;..
The United States;Women as a percentage of all researchers;2017;..
The United States;Women as a percentage of all researchers;2016;..
Total OECD;Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2020;2,68
Total OECD;Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2019;2,51
Total OECD;Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2018;2,44
Total OECD;Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2017;2,37
Total OECD;Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2016;2,33
Total OECD;R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees;2020;..
Total OECD;R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees;2019;..
Total OECD;R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees;2018;..
Total OECD;R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees;2017;..
Total OECD;R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees;2016;..
Total OECD;Total researchers (head count);2020;..
Total OECD;Total researchers (head count);2019;..
Total OECD;Total researchers (head count);2018;..
Total OECD;Total researchers (head count);2017;..
Total OECD;Total researchers (head count);2016;..
Total OECD;Women as a percentage of all researchers;2020;..
Total OECD;Women as a percentage of all researchers;2019;..
Total OECD;Women as a percentage of all researchers;2018;..
Total OECD;Women as a percentage of all researchers;2017;..
Total OECD;Women as a percentage of all researchers;2016;..
European Union - 27 countries (since 02/01/2020);Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2020;2,2
European Union - 27 countries (since 02/01/2020);Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2019;2,11
European Union - 27 countries (since 02/01/2020);Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2018;2,07
European Union - 27 countries (since 02/01/2020);Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2017;2,03
European Union - 27 countries (since 02/01/2020);Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2016;1,99
European Union - 27 countries (since 02/01/2020);R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees;2020;14,4
European Union - 27 countries (since 02/01/2020);R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees;2019;14
European Union - 27 countries (since 02/01/2020);R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees;2018;13,7
European Union - 27 countries (since 02/01/2020);R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees;2017;13,2
European Union - 27 countries (since 02/01/2020);R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees;2016;12,7
European Union - 27 countries (since 02/01/2020);Total researchers (head count);2020;..
European Union - 27 countries (since 02/01/2020);Total researchers (head count);2019;..
European Union - 27 countries (since 02/01/2020);Total researchers (head count);2018;..
European Union - 27 countries (since 02/01/2020);Total researchers (head count);2017;..
European Union - 27 countries (since 02/01/2020);Total researchers (head count);2016;..
European Union - 27 countries (since 02/01/2020);Women as a percentage of all researchers;2020;..
European Union - 27 countries (since 02/01/2020);Women as a percentage of all researchers;2019;..
European Union - 27 countries (since 02/01/2020);Women as a percentage of all researchers;2018;..
European Union - 27 countries (since 02/01/2020);Women as a percentage of all researchers;2017;..
European Union - 27 countries (since 02/01/2020);Women as a percentage of all researchers;2016;..
Argentina;Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2020;..
Argentina;Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2019;0,46
Argentina;Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2018;0,5
Argentina;Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2017;0,56
Argentina;Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2016;0,53
Argentina;R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees;2020;..
Argentina;R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees;2019;4,5
Argentina;R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees;2018;4,5
Argentina;R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees;2017;4,4
Argentina;R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees;2016;4,5
Argentina;Total researchers (head count);2020;..
Argentina;Total researchers (head count);2019;90.747
Argentina;Total researchers (head count);2018;88.872
Argentina;Total researchers (head count);2017;84.284
Argentina;Total researchers (head count);2016;86.562
Argentina;Women as a percentage of all researchers;2020;..
Argentina;Women as a percentage of all researchers;2019;53
Argentina;Women as a percentage of all researchers;2018;53,3
Argentina;Women as a percentage of all researchers;2017;53,8
Argentina;Women as a percentage of all researchers;2016;53
China;Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2020;2,4
China;Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2019;2,23
China;Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2018;2,14
China;Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2017;2,12
China;Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2016;2,1
China;R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees;2020;7
China;R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees;2019;6,4
China;R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees;2018;5,8
China;R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees;2017;5,3
China;R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees;2016;5,1
China;Total researchers (head count);2020;..
China;Total researchers (head count);2019;..
China;Total researchers (head count);2018;..
China;Total researchers (head count);2017;..
China;Total researchers (head count);2016;..
China;Women as a percentage of all researchers;2020;..
China;Women as a percentage of all researchers;2019;..
China;Women as a percentage of all researchers;2018;..
China;Women as a percentage of all researchers;2017;..
China;Women as a percentage of all researchers;2016;..
Romania;Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2020;0,47
Romania;Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2019;0,48
Romania;Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2018;0,5
Romania;Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2017;0,5
Romania;Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2016;0,48
Romania;R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees;2020;3,9
Romania;R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees;2019;3,7
Romania;R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees;2018;3,7
Romania;R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees;2017;3,8
Romania;R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees;2016;3,8
Romania;Total researchers (head count);2020;..
Romania;Total researchers (head count);2019;27.168
Romania;Total researchers (head count);2018;27.471
Romania;Total researchers (head count);2017;27.367
Romania;Total researchers (head count);2016;27.801
Romania;Women as a percentage of all researchers;2020;..
Romania;Women as a percentage of all researchers;2019;46,9
Romania;Women as a percentage of all researchers;2018;46,2
Romania;Women as a percentage of all researchers;2017;46,7
Romania;Women as a percentage of all researchers;2016;45,8
Russian Federation;Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2020;1,1
Russian Federation;Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2019;1,04
Russian Federation;Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2018;0,99
Russian Federation;Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2017;1,11
Russian Federation;Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2016;1,1
Russian Federation;R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees;2020;10,6
Russian Federation;R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees;2019;10,5
Russian Federation;R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees;2018;10,5
Russian Federation;R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees;2017;10,8
Russian Federation;R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees;2016;11,1
Russian Federation;Total researchers (head count);2020;346.497
Russian Federation;Total researchers (head count);2019;348.221
Russian Federation;Total researchers (head count);2018;347.854
Russian Federation;Total researchers (head count);2017;359.793
Russian Federation;Total researchers (head count);2016;370.379
Russian Federation;Women as a percentage of all researchers;2020;38,8
Russian Federation;Women as a percentage of all researchers;2019;39,1
Russian Federation;Women as a percentage of all researchers;2018;39,2
Russian Federation;Women as a percentage of all researchers;2017;39,5
Russian Federation;Women as a percentage of all researchers;2016;40
Singapore;Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2020;..
Singapore;Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2019;1,89
Singapore;Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2018;1,81
Singapore;Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2017;1,9
Singapore;Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2016;2,07
Singapore;R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees;2020;..
Singapore;R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees;2019;12,8
Singapore;R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees;2018;12,1
Singapore;R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees;2017;12,1
Singapore;R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees;2016;12,3
Singapore;Total researchers (head count);2020;..
Singapore;Total researchers (head count);2019;46.125
Singapore;Total researchers (head count);2018;43.329
Singapore;Total researchers (head count);2017;42.838
Singapore;Total researchers (head count);2016;43.177
Singapore;Women as a percentage of all researchers;2020;..
Singapore;Women as a percentage of all researchers;2019;30,8
Singapore;Women as a percentage of all researchers;2018;30,8
Singapore;Women as a percentage of all researchers;2017;30,7
Singapore;Women as a percentage of all researchers;2016;30,7
South Africa;Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2020;..
South Africa;Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2019;..
South Africa;Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2018;..
South Africa;Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2017;0,83
South Africa;Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2016;0,82
South Africa;R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees;2020;..
South Africa;R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees;2019;..
South Africa;R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees;2018;..
South Africa;R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees;2017;2,7
South Africa;R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees;2016;2,7
South Africa;Total researchers (head count);2020;..
South Africa;Total researchers (head count);2019;..
South Africa;Total researchers (head count);2018;..
South Africa;Total researchers (head count);2017;61.840
South Africa;Total researchers (head count);2016;56.761
South Africa;Women as a percentage of all researchers;2020;..
South Africa;Women as a percentage of all researchers;2019;..
South Africa;Women as a percentage of all researchers;2018;..
South Africa;Women as a percentage of all researchers;2017;44,9
South Africa;Women as a percentage of all researchers;2016;45,1
Chinese Taipei;Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2020;3,64
Chinese Taipei;Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2019;3,49
Chinese Taipei;Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2018;3,35
Chinese Taipei;Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2017;3,19
Chinese Taipei;Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2016;3,09
Chinese Taipei;R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees;2020;24,3
Chinese Taipei;R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees;2019;23,6
Chinese Taipei;R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees;2018;22,9
Chinese Taipei;R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees;2017;22,5
Chinese Taipei;R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees;2016;22,2
Chinese Taipei;Total researchers (head count);2020;203.970
Chinese Taipei;Total researchers (head count);2019;199.144
Chinese Taipei;Total researchers (head count);2018;193.035
Chinese Taipei;Total researchers (head count);2017;187.971
Chinese Taipei;Total researchers (head count);2016;184.898
Chinese Taipei;Women as a percentage of all researchers;2020;22,9
Chinese Taipei;Women as a percentage of all researchers;2019;22,7
Chinese Taipei;Women as a percentage of all researchers;2018;22,6
Chinese Taipei;Women as a percentage of all researchers;2017;22,6
Chinese Taipei;Women as a percentage of all researchers;2016;22,3