Economically Active Population Survey
Unemployed persons
Unemployment rates by educational level reached, sex and age group
Unidades: Tasas
Total Illiterates Incomplete primary education Primary education First stage of secondary education and the like Second stage of secondary education, with general guidance Second stage of secondary education with career guidance (includes non-higher post-secondary education) Higher education
2023QIV 2023QIII 2023QII 2023QI 2022QIV 2022QIII 2022QII 2022QI 2021QIV 2021QIII 2021QII 2021QI 2023QIV 2023QIII 2023QII 2023QI 2022QIV 2022QIII 2022QII 2022QI 2021QIV 2021QIII 2021QII 2021QI 2023QIV 2023QIII 2023QII 2023QI 2022QIV 2022QIII 2022QII 2022QI 2021QIV 2021QIII 2021QII 2021QI 2023QIV 2023QIII 2023QII 2023QI 2022QIV 2022QIII 2022QII 2022QI 2021QIV 2021QIII 2021QII 2021QI 2023QIV 2023QIII 2023QII 2023QI 2022QIV 2022QIII 2022QII 2022QI 2021QIV 2021QIII 2021QII 2021QI 2023QIV 2023QIII 2023QII 2023QI 2022QIV 2022QIII 2022QII 2022QI 2021QIV 2021QIII 2021QII 2021QI 2023QIV 2023QIII 2023QII 2023QI 2022QIV 2022QIII 2022QII 2022QI 2021QIV 2021QIII 2021QII 2021QI 2023QIV 2023QIII 2023QII 2023QI 2022QIV 2022QIII 2022QII 2022QI 2021QIV 2021QIII 2021QII 2021QI
Both sexes
Total 11,76 11,84 11,6 13,26 12,87 12,67 12,48 13,65 13,33 14,57 15,26 15,98 36,3 37,53 33,05 39,75 35,21 38,84 29,86 30,55 27,62 40,44 30,79 36,74 23,85 21,61 20,89 22,5 21,49 23,66 26,58 26,48 26,51 31,64 28,01 29,45 22,62 23,45 25,43 30,16 27,71 25,91 24,87 27,84 26,37 28,03 26,35 26,45 15,5 16,04 15,84 18,1 17,46 17,62 17,31 18,95 18,73 19,73 20,33 21,54 12,69 12,47 13,11 14,45 13,95 13,59 14,21 15,2 14,18 14,84 17,36 17,91 13,55 12,61 12,69 14,27 13,44 12,8 13,81 15,3 14,74 14,83 17,28 17,51 7,52 7,56 6,64 7,65 7,9 7,78 7,02 7,75 7,81 9,38 9,52 10,17
From 16 to 19 years 42,46 40,18 42,94 46,91 42,81 45,42 48,67 46,43 49,22 42,82 56,56 58,23 .. .. .. .. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 .. .. .. 100 0 100 10,86 32,34 100 0 68,89 61,14 70,22 52,79 61,2 80,92 82,98 68,65 52,96 58,33 72,35 59,17 47,71 67,8 42,26 45,61 43,34 52,62 50,89 52,7 58,5 52,49 54,52 53,33 62,63 61,11 40,76 35,91 40,51 28,31 26,92 34,63 39,15 30,75 39,52 31,28 54,04 54,13 40,76 34,9 39,32 39,27 26,56 34,84 33,42 42,32 42,34 32,6 47,63 49,76 6,04 15,55 30,04 .. 0 26,16 48,89 41,84 20,56 25,77 6,05 60,67
From 20 to 24 years 25,57 24,92 24,87 26,73 26,51 27,6 24,1 26,75 27,06 28,38 34,56 36,52 .. .. .. .. 100 79,19 100 100 0 0 34,07 0 16,49 74,66 30,58 78,28 5,94 0 16,07 0 0 28,62 10,89 14,01 55,01 50,08 47,43 43,65 58,83 43,8 36,38 42,87 42,67 50,64 57,67 49,35 33,44 35,15 29,46 36,68 35,37 39,61 35,1 33,7 37,75 35,07 45,15 44,79 18,16 18,7 25,24 25,58 23,57 27,06 22,55 25,2 24,39 26,15 31,81 33,24 26,89 23,39 29,01 27,36 24,52 21,18 24,91 33,18 29,18 30,95 37,74 40,18 22,28 21,88 17,69 17,79 20,5 21,07 16,3 18,64 20,59 23,36 25,41 29,6
From 25 to 29 years 15,63 15,57 14,04 17,11 16,96 17 14,28 18,34 18,64 20,94 21,81 24,02 .. 100 100 .. 0 0 0 66,67 0 0 100 0 18,87 14,43 1,98 6 8,55 51,41 17,42 34,19 55,44 13,7 9,93 30,86 27,53 38 33,85 38,88 31,47 31,96 31,74 30,07 34,45 47,34 41,98 39 20,79 22,51 22,96 27,45 24,97 23,44 19,34 27,44 27,55 31,65 30,51 36,13 24,71 22,65 17,41 18,88 17,04 16,25 17,14 17,82 15,52 19,29 24,57 32,56 16,35 17,43 16,1 17,88 18,42 16,87 18,62 22,25 22,62 20,65 23,18 23,79 11,41 10,77 9 11,77 13,08 13,99 9,84 13,1 13,93 15,71 16,39 16,76
From 30 to 44 years 10,14 9,93 10,08 11,8 11,21 10,81 10,93 11,91 11,3 12,44 13,18 14,31 42,87 40,25 34,76 27,41 37,02 25,93 23,38 25,85 32,67 54,33 35,23 33,58 24,33 18,6 19,06 21,02 27,1 23,67 23,6 22,12 21,33 31,19 25,93 32,58 20,28 22,51 24,98 30,29 24,62 24,21 23,52 27,21 24,36 24,79 25,46 23,07 13,69 13,74 14,71 16,64 15,58 15,51 15,66 18,58 17,5 17,79 18,56 20,65 12,16 9,96 10,63 12,86 13,57 11,74 13,19 14,32 12,33 11,79 14,89 16,79 10,36 9,97 10,4 13,2 11,43 10,57 12,19 11,64 10,78 11,66 14,59 14,59 6,81 6,74 6,04 7,14 6,94 7,06 6,38 6,66 6,81 8,54 8,52 9,51
From 45 to 54 years 9,14 9,33 9,05 10,98 11,02 10,37 10,45 11,54 11,08 11,48 12,07 12,74 37,76 25,19 18,44 29,94 29,48 39,5 28,31 28,39 25,11 37,27 25,56 39,03 18,78 23,49 20,69 16,32 19,52 26,85 29,27 30,31 29,25 24,66 34,98 24,99 20,12 19,8 22,69 27,26 25,62 29,61 26,04 28,94 23,63 23,9 23,04 26,13 12,99 13,32 12,68 15,38 15,8 14,94 14,8 15,68 15,8 15,93 16,65 17,25 7,79 8,62 8,88 12,4 11,78 10,45 11,51 12,76 12,29 11,79 12,42 12,48 12,06 10,41 9,67 10,5 11,32 11,36 10,16 12,21 12,42 10,85 12,84 13,51 5,21 5,49 5,13 6,12 6,14 5,35 5,59 6,38 5,79 6,88 7,1 7,9
55 and more years 10,69 10,84 11,02 11,79 11,13 10,48 11,7 12,26 12,31 13,91 12,75 12,7 28,06 50,48 49,02 60,96 37,74 52,49 35,96 32,16 37,78 25,51 30,1 44,05 30,33 21,01 24,35 25,78 20,84 18,21 30,26 27,96 27,37 41,51 27,1 29,89 17,91 19,97 20,78 22,47 21,41 17,95 19,74 22,42 24,04 24,95 20,92 21,5 13,54 13,69 14,17 14,75 13,97 13,52 14,74 15,31 15,51 17,74 15,2 16,13 10,16 10,26 10,75 11,42 10,74 10,44 11,15 13,02 12,38 13,55 13,84 12,85 11,93 10,91 10,08 12,41 12,09 11 12,45 12,45 12,91 14,59 14,37 13,9 6,15 6,33 5,97 5,96 6,13 5,48 6,52 6,43 6,16 7,2 7,33 6,39
Males
Total 10,3 10,26 10,19 11,57 11,32 10,74 10,99 12,04 11,79 12,97 13,39 14,07 26,56 36,43 30,53 31,26 23,05 31,58 24,72 25,81 15,12 31,15 16,34 20,64 19,22 17,21 15,52 21,56 17,91 21,5 23,98 21,96 20,39 27,51 29,34 26,6 22,01 21,5 24,82 26,5 25,39 23,3 22,6 25,16 23,73 25,31 24,31 24,54 12,76 13,21 12,88 14,84 14,58 14,5 14,32 15,58 15,41 16,54 16,6 18,09 11,14 10,04 10,2 12,53 11,9 10,67 11,55 12,7 11,87 12,01 14,46 14,6 11,35 11,69 11,09 11,44 11,06 10,04 11,32 13,35 13,11 13,41 14,45 15,44 6,18 6,03 5,71 6,29 6,54 6,04 6 6,58 6,79 8,13 8,3 8,6
From 16 to 19 years 41,51 40,27 43,16 47,63 43,83 45,8 49,37 44,13 49,53 44,13 52,4 55,98 .. .. .. .. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 .. .. .. 100 0 100 100 0 100 0 0 0 63,07 51,61 58,49 79,39 75,53 57,28 51,39 49,19 66,5 52,85 46,29 60,37 42,91 45,2 43,7 57,66 49,81 50,58 57,31 50,06 53,69 54,41 56,21 58,84 39,63 31,07 39,38 21,21 31,39 36,57 40,46 24,37 35,7 27,65 58,09 52,36 34,28 40,37 39,26 29,19 29,05 36,23 28,07 36,87 43,25 36,07 42,16 49,38 .. 22,71 32,86 .. 0 42,5 53,86 76,12 30,76 17,19 0 58,55
From 20 to 24 years 26,65 25,71 24,24 25,27 25,38 25,04 22,88 27,3 26,8 27,96 33,64 35,04 .. .. .. .. 100 79,19 100 100 0 0 0 0 28,13 74,66 38,97 95,65 0 0 7,98 0 0 0 12,85 19,71 55,1 48,58 53,31 40,21 62,89 40,89 33,73 42,25 40,37 49,22 47,06 47,41 31,77 35,06 26,84 33,11 30,83 36,28 31,03 31,41 34,17 32,62 40,3 37,68 19,69 18,56 20,54 22,29 24,51 22,99 21,9 26,81 24,93 23,14 31,63 30,53 26,48 21,76 27,84 23,79 20,93 16,87 20,94 33,46 27,4 28,6 33,92 38,1 22,83 23,38 18,97 16,87 17,4 18,32 15,93 17,88 20,72 25,66 26,52 32,37
From 25 to 29 years 14,61 13,72 14,79 16,89 16,85 14,71 13,61 18,68 19,21 21,41 21,39 22,91 .. 100 .. .. 0 0 0 66,67 0 0 100 0 27,05 .. 3,05 .. 0 51,41 26,45 34,26 27,31 7,9 53,46 24,58 26,21 36,45 31,75 29,26 22,59 26,47 33,09 29,94 33,64 46,55 37,39 28,17 17,83 17,73 20,96 24,08 21,97 19,69 14,97 22,77 26,39 28,58 27,2 32,78 20,96 18,08 18,38 20,42 19,84 15,44 17,14 19,5 15,29 18,53 18,11 25,37 17,02 17,88 16,67 18,01 16,48 12,82 17,52 23,74 23,92 23,84 23,47 25,71 10,09 8,58 9,37 11,38 13,24 11,29 8,91 13,18 13,78 15,53 16,94 16,13
From 30 to 44 years 8,11 8,41 8,39 10,02 9,41 8,83 9,54 9,96 9,92 11,03 11,31 11,97 32,73 39,25 39,79 19,81 22,91 22,74 21,16 18 24,29 55,68 10,58 20,22 16,53 17 13,15 22,29 22,53 19,99 17,71 18,3 16,99 23,12 27,38 27,63 16,55 20,78 23,14 26,56 20,25 21,46 17,75 21,25 22,41 22,51 22,84 21,7 9,98 10,79 10,74 12,83 12,49 12,24 13,3 15,43 14,74 14,64 14,32 16,58 9,31 8,01 8,09 10,96 10,24 6,78 8,81 9,69 9,03 10,2 12,29 13,33 7,74 8,9 8,15 9,9 8,71 7,85 9,84 8,06 8,21 8,98 10,97 10,04 5,45 5,07 4,88 5,57 5,59 5,66 5,77 5,41 5,76 7,5 7,4 7,53
From 45 to 54 years 7,37 7,19 7,11 8,48 8,84 8,21 8,15 9,13 8,66 8,86 9,29 10,37 22,26 16,78 11,72 26,74 12,59 23,77 15,24 16,79 5,32 26,81 11,56 11,34 9,64 15,55 13,23 7,62 14,1 20,54 28,67 25,27 19,64 21,58 34,46 16,31 19,89 16,86 22,57 23,36 23,37 28,08 20,84 23,35 18,86 17,92 19,66 22,62 10,22 9,98 9,7 11,21 12,25 11,24 10,62 11,24 11,23 11,91 12,77 13,75 6,79 6,2 5,08 9,92 8,76 8,4 9,34 10,68 10,1 8,66 8,91 10,04 8,44 8,62 7,47 7,03 8,75 8,19 7,08 9,04 8,32 8,01 7,52 11,34 3,48 3,6 3,67 4,25 4,44 3,49 3,96 4,89 4,8 4,82 5,01 5,73
55 and more years 9,33 8,9 9,28 10,35 9,65 8,92 10,44 10,89 10,33 11,96 11,31 11,62 24,88 57,67 44,71 45,69 31,73 48,02 35,01 36,19 35,25 23,14 25,86 37,67 34,76 16,81 20,46 24,1 20,04 19,57 27,1 23,21 25,08 42,49 27,7 34,19 18,67 16,84 18,92 20,56 20,74 15,51 21,24 23,77 21,16 23,2 20,88 21,57 11,08 11,14 11,5 12,2 11,95 11,01 12,55 12,54 11,69 14,83 12,4 13,87 9,29 7,97 9,03 10,73 7,92 8,61 9,14 11,15 10,96 9,65 12,64 11,07 9,11 8,34 7,32 9,45 9,38 9,4 10,16 10,99 13,17 13,79 14,06 12,64 5,22 5,01 4,99 5,29 5,19 4,38 5,63 5,43 4,67 5,58 6,1 5,78
Females
Total 13,36 13,59 13,16 15,13 14,61 14,84 14,15 15,44 15,04 16,36 17,36 18,13 53,43 39,31 36,31 52,49 57,91 53,98 38,06 40,12 55,81 56,27 52,09 51,8 30,69 28,05 29,73 24 27,5 27,39 31,85 34,86 37,56 39,2 25,78 34,55 23,6 26,41 26,39 35,61 31,54 29,88 28,59 32,27 30,81 32,75 29,67 29,38 19,69 20,28 20,26 23,06 21,83 22,47 21,83 23,99 23,78 24,55 26,06 27,01 14,37 15,2 16,33 16,61 16,34 17 17,35 17,97 16,77 18,06 20,49 21,44 16,03 13,69 14,55 17,5 16,21 16 16,65 17,56 16,52 16,46 20,42 19,84 8,7 8,92 7,45 8,82 9,07 9,31 7,9 8,78 8,72 10,47 10,6 11,57
From 16 to 19 years 43,79 40,07 42,67 46,05 41,37 44,97 47,83 49,24 48,84 41,32 61,95 61,5 .. .. .. .. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 .. .. .. .. 0 0 0 32,34 0 0 100 100 89,64 54,66 66,21 82,44 96,13 85,83 59,23 93,8 87,02 74,17 65,77 100 41,1 46,32 42,61 43,49 52,63 55,9 60,56 55,75 55,8 51,78 71,64 64,58 41,68 39,74 41,2 33,43 22,37 33,08 38,43 34,03 41,47 33,4 51,08 55,54 50,18 26 39,38 51,57 23,17 33,13 39,46 52,38 40,61 26,31 56,08 50,48 16,1 .. 19,63 .. 0 7,04 46,42 29,19 0 34,96 40,35 64,66
From 20 to 24 years 24,29 24 25,63 28,42 27,82 30,7 25,5 26,12 27,37 28,86 35,6 38,27 .. .. .. .. 0 0 0 0 0 0 100 0 .. .. 16,8 .. 12,03 0 100 0 0 62,83 0 7,1 54,75 54,31 29,86 50,87 48,38 48,16 47,71 44,15 49,39 53,27 78,25 53,28 36,42 35,27 33,31 42,17 43,07 45,47 40,84 37,66 43,75 39,58 54,35 58,07 16,58 18,84 30,35 28,63 22,5 32,17 23,32 23,61 23,9 29,26 31,95 35,78 27,5 26,14 30,91 32,52 30,06 27,1 30,37 32,73 31,78 34,26 43,55 43,24 21,82 20,48 16,51 18,63 22,99 23,41 16,61 19,27 20,48 21,36 24,49 27,3
From 25 to 29 years 16,72 17,56 13,23 17,34 17,08 19,52 15,02 17,98 18,04 20,45 22,25 25,17 .. .. 100 .. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 .. 58,69 .. 15,04 15,9 0 2,6 34,05 100 26,54 2,81 49,55 29,52 41,68 38,03 52,1 47,02 42,76 29,41 30,34 35,97 49,23 51,78 57,76 26,48 31,01 26,78 33,66 30,47 30,35 28,32 36,83 29,67 36,14 35,64 41,61 29,19 27,67 16,38 17,18 13,18 17,4 17,14 16,23 15,81 20,27 31 38,94 15,5 16,78 15,27 17,69 21,25 21,97 20,08 20,46 21,08 16,58 22,83 21,55 12,5 12,59 8,68 12,1 12,95 16,21 10,57 13,03 14,04 15,85 15,92 17,3
From 30 to 44 years 12,31 11,58 11,9 13,69 13,13 12,95 12,43 14,02 12,79 13,98 15,21 16,86 61,33 41,76 26,48 36,24 56,75 31,24 26,29 36,25 44,06 53,59 52,37 42,2 37,34 20,83 29,28 18,17 35,28 28,6 36,51 30,16 29,19 45,94 21,5 46,23 26,34 25,28 28,15 36,4 32,18 29,26 34,2 37,23 28,02 29,38 30,65 25,32 19,96 18,54 21,22 23,18 20,76 21,12 19,44 23,64 21,95 22,96 25,59 27,73 15,11 12,16 13,55 15,02 17,4 17,27 18,39 19,52 15,94 13,58 17,8 20,52 13,35 11,22 12,98 17,01 14,57 13,69 14,9 15,87 13,61 14,83 18,78 19,69 7,93 8,12 6,98 8,37 8,01 8,2 6,88 7,69 7,68 9,38 9,43 11,15
From 45 to 54 years 11,08 11,67 11,21 13,74 13,45 12,81 13,04 14,27 13,84 14,47 15,25 15,45 73,74 43,92 27,26 36,09 59,72 68,96 50,91 59,78 84,49 74,67 57,12 58,12 34,63 35,01 31,83 26,57 27,1 36,66 30,49 38,15 44,11 30,91 36,1 43,24 20,49 24,33 22,88 33,36 29,32 31,91 34,68 38,13 31,41 33,55 28,46 32,1 17,03 18,11 16,98 21,26 20,86 20,48 20,86 22,03 22,59 21,83 22,43 22,53 8,94 11,42 13,19 15,27 15,27 12,84 14,16 15,18 14,91 15,49 16,34 15,24 16,15 12,42 12,13 14,47 14,42 15,39 13,9 16 16,88 14,06 18,34 15,89 6,73 7,15 6,46 7,79 7,65 7,02 7,03 7,74 6,7 8,76 9,08 9,91
55 and more years 12,23 13,09 13,03 13,44 12,85 12,31 13,18 13,85 14,63 16,21 14,42 13,95 32,69 40,84 54,75 83,75 57,05 63,61 37,52 24,52 41,86 30,38 39,41 57,04 25,75 26,82 31,1 28,16 22,59 15,43 36,17 36,58 31,58 39,89 26,4 24,81 16,9 23,81 23,09 24,94 22,36 20,96 17,91 20,5 28,08 27,51 20,97 21,43 16,68 17,17 17,6 18,13 16,69 16,89 17,72 18,97 20,69 21,76 19,07 19,33 11,13 13,03 12,68 12,25 13,99 12,65 13,58 15,28 14,1 18,26 15,27 14,83 14,46 13,25 12,72 14,95 14,41 12,43 14,41 13,66 12,7 15,29 14,65 15,09 7,16 7,73 7,02 6,65 7,12 6,66 7,44 7,48 7,72 8,86 8,62 7,02
Notas:
Illiterates: Matches code 01 of the classification of programs and certifications in levels of education attained of the CNED 2014.
Incomplete primary education: Matches code 02 of the classification of programs and certifications in levels of education attained of the CNED 2014.
Primary education: Matches code 10 of the classification of programs and certifications in levels of education attained of the CNED 2014.
First stage of secondary education or similar: Encompasses codes 21 to 24 of the classification of programs and certifications in levels of education attained of the CNED 2014.
Second stage of secondary education with general orientation: Matches code 32 of the classification of programs and certifications in levels of education attained of the CNED 2014.
Second stage of secondary education with professional orientation (it includes post-secondary non-higher education): Encompasses codes 33 to 35, 38 and 41 of the classification of programs and certifications in levels of education attained of the CNED 2014.
Higher education: Encompasses codes 51, 52, 61 to 63, 71 a 75 and 81 of the classification of programs and certifications in levels of education attained of the CNED 2014.
In the first quarter of 2020, as a consequence of the declaration of the high alert period (Royal Decrees 463/2020 and 487/2020) caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, the sample size of the first EPA interviews in weeks 11 to 13 has been lower than in other quarters, meaning that the variation coefficients for the most disaggregated estimates may be higher than usual. We recommended that you consult the related INEbase tables coeficientes de variación.
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