Mujeres y Hombres en España
Tasas de paro según grupos de edad y niveles de educación. Brecha de género
Tasa de paro según niveles de educación en la UE (de 15 a 74 años)
Unidades: %
,2022,2021,2020,2019,2018,2017,2016,2015,2014,2013,2012,2011,2010,2009,
UE27_2020,
    Preescolar, primaria y secundaria 1ª etapa (nivel 0-2),
        Mujeres,13,9,15,4,14,8,14,5,15,3,16,7,17,9,18,6,19,4,19,6,18,5,16,6,16,14,9,
        Hombres,11,2,12,7,12,7,12,5,13,6,15,2,16,8,18,2,19,5,20,1,18,8,16,5,15,9,14,5,
    Secundaria 2ª etapa (nivel 3-4),
        Mujeres,6,3,7,1,6,9,6,5,7,7,8,8,7,9,5,10,3,10,8,10,3,9,6,9,6,8,8,
        Hombres,5,2,6,6,5,5,6,6,8,7,7,8,6,9,3,9,7,9,2,8,5,8,8,8,1,
    Educación superior (nivel 5-8),
        Mujeres,4,1,4,8,5,1,4,6,4,9,5,4,6,2,6,8,7,4,7,6,7,1,6,4,6,2,5,6,
        Hombres,3,5,4,2,4,3,3,8,4,4,3,4,9,5,5,6,6,2,5,8,5,1,5,1,4,7,
UE-28,
    Preescolar, primaria y secundaria 1ª etapa (nivel 0-2),
        Mujeres,0,..,..,13,5,14,1,15,5,16,6,17,5,18,4,18,9,17,8,16,1,15,4,14,3,
        Hombres,..,..,..,11,8,12,7,14,3,15,8,17,3,18,7,19,5,18,4,16,4,15,8,14,5,
    Secundaria 2ª etapa (nivel 3-4),
        Mujeres,0,..,..,6,2,6,8,7,4,8,3,9,1,9,9,10,5,10,1,9,4,9,3,8,5,
        Hombres,0,..,..,5,3,5,8,6,6,7,4,8,3,9,9,6,9,2,8,6,8,7,8,2,
    Educación superior (nivel 5-8),
        Mujeres,0,..,..,4,2,4,5,5,5,6,6,1,6,7,7,6,6,6,5,7,5,2,
        Hombres,0,..,..,3,6,3,8,4,4,5,5,1,5,5,5,8,5,5,5,5,4,7,
Bélgica,
    Preescolar, primaria y secundaria 1ª etapa (nivel 0-2),
        Mujeres,13,3,15,1,12,7,12,1,13,14,3,16,1,15,7,15,6,15,5,14,1,14,4,15,8,14,5,
        Hombres,13,14,1,11,7,12,13,3,14,8,15,8,17,4,16,6,16,14,13,6,14,9,13,
    Secundaria 2ª etapa (nivel 3-4),
        Mujeres,6,8,7,2,6,2,5,2,6,2,7,7,8,3,9,8,8,8,6,8,6,7,8,9,4,9,
        Hombres,6,6,8,5,4,5,4,5,8,6,7,7,9,8,5,8,8,8,7,1,6,7,2,7,4,
    Educación superior (nivel 5-8),
        Mujeres,2,9,3,5,3,3,3,1,3,3,4,7,4,4,4,3,4,7,5,2,3,9,3,8,4,6,4,6,
        Hombres,3,3,3,7,3,6,3,3,3,6,3,8,4,4,9,4,6,4,6,4,3,8,4,3,4,4,
Bulgaria,
    Preescolar, primaria y secundaria 1ª etapa (nivel 0-2),
        Mujeres,14,3,18,4,16,1,14,5,16,4,20,7,23,5,26,3,28,1,29,3,27,7,26,8,23,1,16,5,
        Hombres,12,14,6,12,6,12,2,15,16,4,21,4,24,3,28,5,30,3,28,2,26,1,22,4,14,8,
    Secundaria 2ª etapa (nivel 3-4),
        Mujeres,4,2,4,9,4,4,3,4,1,5,3,6,6,8,10,4,11,7,10,4,9,5,9,5,6,2,
        Hombres,3,9,4,9,4,9,3,7,4,8,5,3,6,8,8,5,10,8,12,8,12,6,11,2,9,9,6,2,
    Educación superior (nivel 5-8),
        Mujeres,1,4,2,2,4,2,2,2,2,9,3,3,3,9,4,8,6,4,5,5,5,4,5,3,
        Hombres,2,2,2,6,1,8,2,5,3,3,3,5,4,5,5,6,5,6,3,5,4,4,6,2,7,
República Checa,
    Preescolar, primaria y secundaria 1ª etapa (nivel 0-2),
        Mujeres,14,8,14,4,10,3,11,6,11,14,2,20,7,22,4,20,9,24,9,25,9,21,5,23,6,22,3,
        Hombres,10,8,11,5,10,5,9,9,10,4,11,9,20,3,23,23,4,26,5,31,6,28,26,8,26,4,
    Secundaria 2ª etapa (nivel 3-4),
        Mujeres,2,7,3,5,2,9,2,1,2,7,3,4,4,2,5,9,7,7,8,4,7,9,7,8,8,2,7,3,
        Hombres,1,6,2,1,2,1,5,1,6,2,1,3,3,8,4,8,5,7,5,4,5,4,6,5,2,
    Educación superior (nivel 5-8),
        Mujeres,1,1,5,1,6,1,1,1,4,1,8,2,3,2,8,3,4,3,4,3,4,3,2,3,2,3,
        Hombres,0,9,1,3,1,2,0,9,1,1,2,1,5,2,2,4,2,2,2,4,2,5,2,6,2,5,
Dinamarca,
    Preescolar, primaria y secundaria 1ª etapa (nivel 0-2),
        Mujeres,8,8,9,10,1,8,9,8,5,10,4,10,3,11,11,5,12,3,12,1,11,8,10,6,8,9,
        Hombres,7,5,8,3,8,9,8,1,8,7,9,2,8,4,10,11,3,12,2,13,12,8,13,1,11,
    Secundaria 2ª etapa (nivel 3-4),
        Mujeres,4,2,5,1,5,5,4,6,4,4,5,2,5,8,5,9,6,9,7,5,7,2,6,7,6,1,5,3,
        Hombres,3,5,4,4,2,3,7,3,8,4,3,4,6,5,5,5,5,8,6,7,6,8,7,8,6,4,
    Educación superior (nivel 5-8),
        Mujeres,3,6,3,9,4,9,4,3,4,7,4,7,4,8,5,5,4,8,5,3,5,4,4,5,3,5,
        Hombres,3,6,4,2,4,5,3,9,3,5,4,4,4,4,4,2,4,5,4,6,4,5,4,7,5,4,1,
Alemania,
    Preescolar, primaria y secundaria 1ª etapa (nivel 0-2),
        Mujeres,6,6,8,7,9,6,4,7,1,8,8,7,9,6,9,9,10,2,11,11,7,12,8,13,8,
        Hombres,7,8,6,10,2,9,1,10,2,10,7,11,3,12,6,13,4,13,3,13,4,14,1,16,5,17,3,
    Secundaria 2ª etapa (nivel 3-4),
        Mujeres,2,4,2,7,2,8,2,4,2,5,2,9,3,3,3,8,4,3,4,7,4,9,5,3,6,2,7,
        Hombres,3,3,6,3,6,3,1,3,3,3,7,4,1,4,7,5,5,4,5,5,6,1,7,4,8,2,
    Educación superior (nivel 5-8),
        Mujeres,2,2,2,5,2,6,1,8,1,9,2,2,3,2,5,2,8,2,6,2,6,2,7,3,2,3,7,
        Hombres,1,9,2,4,2,5,1,8,1,8,2,2,1,2,2,2,3,2,2,2,1,2,2,2,9,3,2,
Estonia,
    Preescolar, primaria y secundaria 1ª etapa (nivel 0-2),
        Mujeres,12,4,15,1,14,3,12,4,12,5,10,8,13,5,13,11,4,13,2,20,7,21,8,22,5,25,1,
        Hombres,11,8,14,1,13,2,8,2,9,5,10,8,12,6,11,9,13,6,15,8,24,3,27,6,34,4,29,6,
    Secundaria 2ª etapa (nivel 3-4),
        Mujeres,6,2,7,8,6,6,6,7,7,5,7,4,8,4,9,9,10,5,13,18,8,12,4,
        Hombres,5,8,6,8,7,3,9,5,4,6,5,8,6,6,7,9,9,4,10,5,12,5,19,3,18,2,
    Educación superior (nivel 5-8),
        Mujeres,3,3,3,2,4,8,2,9,3,3,3,3,8,4,3,4,7,5,9,6,2,8,6,7,8,5,8,
        Hombres,4,3,3,9,4,7,2,7,3,8,3,6,4,3,4,4,8,5,6,5,8,7,1,12,6,9,
Irlanda,
    Preescolar, primaria y secundaria 1ª etapa (nivel 0-2),
        Mujeres,10,7,13,5,8,6,9,11,8,11,6,13,3,15,6,18,8,19,9,20,2,18,7,16,2,12,5,
        Hombres,8,1,9,3,8,2,8,8,9,1,12,1,15,2,17,9,20,4,22,8,27,8,26,3,24,7,20,7,
    Secundaria 2ª etapa (nivel 3-4),
        Mujeres,5,7,8,3,7,4,6,7,2,8,3,9,6,11,4,13,8,15,9,16,15,3,13,6,10,7,
        Hombres,4,9,7,6,6,6,6,6,7,8,4,10,12,6,14,8,17,7,20,6,20,5,19,6,17,4,
    Educación superior (nivel 5-8),
        Mujeres,3,2,4,1,4,2,3,2,3,9,4,1,4,9,5,9,7,8,8,2,8,3,8,7,3,
        Hombres,3,4,4,4,3,2,3,8,4,5,5,3,6,5,7,2,7,9,8,4,8,6,7,7,
Grecia,
    Preescolar, primaria y secundaria 1ª etapa (nivel 0-2),
        Mujeres,20,9,23,6,23,4,25,2,27,4,28,4,29,9,29,2,30,2,31,3,28,5,20,2,15,7,13,6,
        Hombres,11,3,12,7,16,4,18,3,19,3,21,9,24,3,25,3,27,1,28,9,24,7,17,11,1,7,5,
    Secundaria 2ª etapa (nivel 3-4),
        Mujeres,20,8,22,8,23,2,25,3,28,4,30,3,32,6,33,6,36,1,37,32,9,25,3,19,3,15,5,
        Hombres,10,1,12,9,15,3,15,7,16,9,19,1,21,2,22,8,25,5,26,4,23,5,16,3,10,9,7,5,
    Educación superior (nivel 5-8),
        Mujeres,10,8,13,6,14,9,15,9,18,4,20,4,22,2,23,1,23,24,5,22,2,17,7,13,9,9,
        Hombres,7,8,3,9,1,8,3,9,9,12,3,13,4,16,4,17,16,4,14,5,10,7,7,5,2,
España,
    Preescolar, primaria y secundaria 1ª etapa (nivel 0-2),
        Mujeres,24,26,5,26,4,24,8,26,4,28,8,31,6,33,9,35,5,36,4,34,3,29,8,28,1,25,8,
        Hombres,16,3,18,18,7,17,5,19,4,22,5,25,6,29,32,6,34,5,33,2,28,2,26,5,23,7,
    Secundaria 2ª etapa (nivel 3-4),
        Mujeres,16,9,18,8,19,2,17,2,17,9,19,8,22,3,24,3,26,6,27,6,25,5,23,20,8,17,9,
        Hombres,11,6,13,6,14,1,12,13,3,14,4,16,4,19,2,21,9,24,3,22,9,19,5,17,4,16,
    Educación superior (nivel 5-8),
        Mujeres,8,8,10,3,11,4,9,8,10,2,11,5,13,2,15,16,3,17,6,16,3,13,6,12,2,10,5,
        Hombres,6,3,8,8,9,7,4,7,6,8,3,10,11,3,13,1,14,3,13,4,11,4,10,1,8,9,
Francia,
    Preescolar, primaria y secundaria 1ª etapa (nivel 0-2),
        Mujeres,12,8,14,1,14,1,15,5,16,16,5,17,4,16,2,16,16,14,8,14,2,14,3,13,
        Hombres,13,6,14,7,13,7,15,3,16,2,17,5,18,5,18,7,18,1,16,5,15,6,14,5,14,8,14,1,
    Secundaria 2ª etapa (nivel 3-4),
        Mujeres,8,6,9,9,3,9,9,10,4,10,7,10,9,11,1,11,10,5,10,9,6,9,3,9,3,
        Hombres,7,9,8,8,5,8,6,9,9,6,10,4,10,6,10,3,9,8,8,9,7,7,7,6,7,7,
    Educación superior (nivel 5-8),
        Mujeres,4,7,5,2,5,2,4,9,5,4,5,4,5,9,6,1,6,3,5,9,5,4,5,3,5,3,5,3,
        Hombres,4,8,5,5,5,3,5,3,5,4,5,5,5,6,6,6,4,6,1,5,4,5,5,2,5,3,
Croacia,
    Preescolar, primaria y secundaria 1ª etapa (nivel 0-2),
        Mujeres,14,12,1,10,4,7,5,11,4,20,3,17,9,21,7,26,5,19,9,17,4,15,5,10,8,9,
        Hombres,10,1,9,5,10,10,8,11,8,19,5,17,21,4,24,9,22,8,19,7,19,3,15,1,10,8,
    Secundaria 2ª etapa (nivel 3-4),
        Mujeres,8,8,9,4,8,4,7,9,10,8,13,4,15,9,20,1,20,6,18,4,17,9,14,9,14,4,12,8,
        Hombres,6,1,7,8,8,1,6,2,7,9,10,5,13,7,16,6,17,3,18,8,16,8,13,7,11,7,9,
    Educación superior (nivel 5-8),
        Mujeres,5,4,5,5,7,5,9,6,5,7,8,6,9,3,10,2,11,9,11,3,9,6,8,8,7,
        Hombres,5,2,4,7,4,9,4,4,5,4,7,3,6,8,9,2,8,9,10,5,9,9,8,7,7,8,5,2,
Italia,
    Preescolar, primaria y secundaria 1ª etapa (nivel 0-2),
        Mujeres,14,8,16,3,15,2,16,5,17,3,18,17,5,17,18,7,17,3,15,8,12,7,12,4,12,2,
        Hombres,10,2,12,11,6,12,5,13,3,14,3,14,7,14,9,15,5,15,1,12,5,9,5,9,3,8,1,
    Secundaria 2ª etapa (nivel 3-4),
        Mujeres,9,7,11,10,3,11,1,11,7,12,3,12,8,12,6,13,4,12,9,11,5,9,1,9,2,8,6,
        Hombres,6,3,7,8,7,6,8,2,8,9,9,1,9,8,10,5,10,8,10,3,8,9,6,8,6,8,6,2,
    Educación superior (nivel 5-8),
        Mujeres,4,8,5,7,6,2,6,6,7,7,5,8,8,5,9,2,8,6,7,8,6,6,6,9,6,7,
        Hombres,3,3,4,3,4,3,4,7,4,6,5,1,5,3,5,5,6,3,5,6,5,3,4,4,4,4,
Chipre,
    Preescolar, primaria y secundaria 1ª etapa (nivel 0-2),
        Mujeres,7,9,9,8,7,8,6,7,10,1,11,9,12,5,14,3,12,5,12,7,9,6,5,5,2,5,2,
        Hombres,8,2,7,5,7,1,8,3,9,6,15,6,17,7,21,7,24,4,24,3,16,4,9,4,8,6,6,7,
    Secundaria 2ª etapa (nivel 3-4),
        Mujeres,9,3,9,1,8,9,9,3,9,5,11,9,16,6,16,5,17,8,17,3,11,3,9,2,7,5,8,
        Hombres,6,5,8,5,8,3,7,1,8,4,11,1,12,7,16,6,18,6,17,1,13,9,8,6,6,5,6,
    Educación superior (nivel 5-8),
        Mujeres,6,7,6,9,6,9,7,5,8,10,7,11,5,13,7,14,1,14,4,11,5,7,6,6,6,5,3,
        Hombres,4,6,5,6,7,2,4,5,7,1,8,6,10,9,9,11,4,11,9,8,8,6,7,4,6,3,7,
Letonia,
    Preescolar, primaria y secundaria 1ª etapa (nivel 0-2),
        Mujeres,14,9,18,4,18,3,13,5,18,1,21,7,19,7,26,5,27,1,29,2,33,9,28,3,29,6,24,9,
        Hombres,14,9,12,9,18,5,13,8,15,7,17,4,21,1,20,22,7,23,3,23,1,29,6,34,5,34,3,
    Secundaria 2ª etapa (nivel 3-4),
        Mujeres,6,4,7,9,8,6,6,6,8,1,9,5,11,1,9,6,11,1,12,9,17,5,17,18,4,16,3,
        Hombres,8,8,9,6,8,9,7,4,8,8,10,7,11,5,11,8,12,1,13,2,17,7,19,3,23,6,21,3,
    Educación superior (nivel 5-8),
        Mujeres,3,9,4,4,4,4,3,3,3,3,3,9,4,1,5,4,5,9,6,3,5,9,6,5,10,1,7,6,
        Hombres,4,6,5,6,2,4,2,4,3,3,9,4,7,4,1,5,5,4,7,4,8,4,11,5,8,3,
Lituania,
    Preescolar, primaria y secundaria 1ª etapa (nivel 0-2),
        Mujeres,20,4,17,6,22,7,20,7,15,5,..,23,2,27,2,32,2,35,31,7,34,5,34,4,24,2,
        Hombres,15,16,3,22,8,16,9,19,1,22,7,26,25,8,28,4,31,7,36,4,40,8,42,5,33,
    Secundaria 2ª etapa (nivel 3-4),
        Mujeres,7,7,9,7,11,5,8,1,8,8,3,9,9,11,2,12,1,13,6,15,8,17,9,19,1,13,7,
        Hombres,7,5,9,11,3,8,5,8,1,10,2,10,8,12,1,14,6,15,16,9,20,24,18,7,
    Educación superior (nivel 5-8),
        Mujeres,3,3,3,8,4,2,6,2,7,2,8,2,8,3,9,4,3,5,3,5,2,5,2,6,9,4,4,
        Hombres,3,8,4,4,4,3,3,3,3,3,1,3,1,3,3,4,1,4,8,6,3,7,8,8,9,8,4,
Luxemburgo,
    Preescolar, primaria y secundaria 1ª etapa (nivel 0-2),
        Mujeres,9,6,7,7,12,8,8,6,9,6,9,3,10,11,4,9,7,11,2,8,4,10,7,6,2,9,5,
        Hombres,8,1,9,10,3,9,1,7,4,8,6,9,8,10,10,6,9,5,8,5,6,3,6,6,9,
    Secundaria 2ª etapa (nivel 3-4),
        Mujeres,4,1,5,8,5,9,6,5,8,4,9,7,9,7,1,6,1,6,8,6,2,5,5,4,8,5,1,
        Hombres,4,5,2,7,7,6,4,5,4,5,7,5,8,5,6,6,5,5,1,4,3,3,5,3,4,3,8,
    Educación superior (nivel 5-8),
        Mujeres,3,7,4,8,5,3,3,5,4,4,4,2,3,7,5,2,3,8,4,2,4,4,4,6,4,7,4,9,
        Hombres,3,4,3,2,4,1,3,8,4,2,3,6,4,2,4,3,4,3,7,3,2,9,3,1,3,7,
Hungría,
    Preescolar, primaria y secundaria 1ª etapa (nivel 0-2),
        Mujeres,11,4,11,5,11,2,10,1,10,6,11,3,12,7,18,1,18,7,22,7,24,4,24,5,22,8,21,6,
        Hombres,11,8,10,6,10,7,9,4,10,1,11,13,7,16,8,18,4,24,5,25,3,25,5,27,2,24,6,
    Secundaria 2ª etapa (nivel 3-4),
        Mujeres,3,4,4,5,4,6,3,2,3,8,4,4,5,1,6,9,7,8,10,4,10,5,11,10,6,9,4,
        Hombres,3,3,3,6,3,8,2,9,3,3,2,4,5,6,7,9,7,10,9,10,4,10,5,9,4,
    Educación superior (nivel 5-8),
        Mujeres,1,5,1,8,2,1,1,6,1,7,1,8,1,8,2,6,3,4,4,3,4,7,4,4,4,3,4,1,
        Hombres,1,4,1,7,1,6,1,5,1,2,1,4,1,8,2,2,2,8,3,4,4,2,4,1,4,9,3,6,
Malta,
    Preescolar, primaria y secundaria 1ª etapa (nivel 0-2),
        Mujeres,2,8,5,7,7,5,4,5,7,8,2,10,3,10,9,9,6,11,2,12,2,11,6,11,1,11,5,
        Hombres,4,3,4,8,5,1,4,1,5,2,5,2,6,2,8,1,8,8,8,8,8,2,8,8,8,8,1,
    Secundaria 2ª etapa (nivel 3-4),
        Mujeres,2,9,3,4,4,4,1,3,3,3,4,3,8,3,4,3,3,4,5,6,6,5,6,7,6,2,
        Hombres,2,9,4,4,4,4,3,4,3,7,3,6,3,9,4,2,4,4,4,3,3,4,7,5,3,5,3,
    Educación superior (nivel 5-8),
        Mujeres,2,3,1,8,2,9,2,9,2,1,1,7,1,9,2,4,2,8,2,6,2,9,2,2,..,3,1,
        Hombres,2,2,1,3,3,2,2,1,7,2,..,..,2,4,2,6,2,3,..,..,..,
Países Bajos,
    Preescolar, primaria y secundaria 1ª etapa (nivel 0-2),
        Mujeres,6,9,8,1,7,2,6,7,4,9,4,10,8,11,9,12,7,11,3,10,2,8,7,7,6,5,7,
        Hombres,4,8,6,3,6,4,5,7,6,7,5,9,1,10,6,11,8,11,3,8,7,7,1,7,5,3,
    Secundaria 2ª etapa (nivel 3-4),
        Mujeres,3,4,4,4,3,8,3,2,3,7,5,4,6,7,7,6,8,7,5,5,9,5,4,1,3,1,
        Hombres,3,2,3,7,3,6,3,2,3,6,4,2,5,5,6,5,7,7,1,5,2,4,2,3,8,3,
    Educación superior (nivel 5-8),
        Mujeres,2,8,3,2,7,2,3,2,5,3,3,8,4,1,4,3,4,3,3,7,3,4,2,7,2,2,
        Hombres,2,6,2,9,2,4,2,3,2,5,2,8,3,3,3,6,3,8,4,1,3,1,2,9,2,9,2,1,
Austria,
    Preescolar, primaria y secundaria 1ª etapa (nivel 0-2),
        Mujeres,11,2,12,5,10,6,8,8,9,6,11,2,10,9,9,6,10,9,3,8,8,8,3,8,9,5,
        Hombres,11,6,15,1,13,9,12,4,13,2,15,14,7,12,9,13,11,6,10,9,9,9,10,6,12,1,
    Secundaria 2ª etapa (nivel 3-4),
        Mujeres,3,8,6,4,9,3,9,4,1,4,5,5,4,5,4,7,4,5,4,2,3,9,4,1,4,2,
        Hombres,4,4,5,6,5,1,4,4,3,5,5,6,1,5,8,5,4,4,9,4,6,4,1,4,6,5,
    Educación superior (nivel 5-8),
        Mujeres,3,2,4,3,8,3,4,3,3,3,2,3,4,3,7,4,2,4,2,2,8,3,2,2,8,3,3,
        Hombres,3,2,4,3,2,7,3,1,3,1,3,8,4,3,8,2,9,2,2,2,2,3,2,1,
Polonia,
    Preescolar, primaria y secundaria 1ª etapa (nivel 0-2),
        Mujeres,8,8,7,3,9,9,9,7,9,1,11,5,14,1,17,3,19,3,21,4,19,7,18,5,17,6,15,7,
        Hombres,7,6,8,6,7,8,7,7,10,4,12,5,14,7,16,7,18,9,19,9,19,4,18,2,17,5,14,1,
    Secundaria 2ª etapa (nivel 3-4),
        Mujeres,4,4,5,4,4,5,5,1,6,2,7,7,9,4,11,7,13,2,12,9,12,1,11,7,9,8,
        Hombres,3,1,3,6,3,2,3,1,4,5,2,6,4,7,7,9,10,1,9,7,9,3,9,7,7,9,
    Educación superior (nivel 5-8),
        Mujeres,1,3,2,2,1,2,2,2,2,6,3,6,4,3,5,3,6,4,6,2,5,8,5,3,4,7,
        Hombres,1,4,1,5,1,8,1,8,2,1,2,2,2,9,3,5,3,9,4,8,4,8,4,4,4,6,4,
Portugal,
    Preescolar, primaria y secundaria 1ª etapa (nivel 0-2),
        Mujeres,8,3,7,8,7,1,7,8,8,4,11,11,9,13,5,15,2,16,7,16,14,5,13,2,11,2,
        Hombres,5,8,6,6,1,6,1,6,6,8,9,12,3,13,6,15,4,18,16,8,13,3,10,8,9,6,
    Secundaria 2ª etapa (nivel 3-4),
        Mujeres,7,5,9,9,4,8,3,8,6,10,5,13,4,15,5,16,8,19,1,18,8,14,5,13,3,11,2,
        Hombres,6,4,7,7,5,6,2,7,9,9,3,11,1,12,4,13,7,15,6,16,4,12,3,9,4,8,
    Educación superior (nivel 5-8),
        Mujeres,4,5,4,9,5,3,5,6,5,5,6,5,8,6,9,6,11,2,13,9,12,8,6,7,6,6,5,
        Hombres,4,3,5,9,6,6,4,9,5,2,6,5,8,8,7,8,1,10,7,11,2,9,5,6,1,6,4,
Rumanía,
    Preescolar, primaria y secundaria 1ª etapa (nivel 0-2),
        Mujeres,14,1,12,9,7,4,7,3,7,4,8,6,1,6,1,4,3,4,3,4,4,5,3,9,4,8,
        Hombres,14,4,14,8,9,7,3,7,3,8,1,8,8,9,6,8,6,8,9,9,2,9,7,7,6,9,9,
    Secundaria 2ª etapa (nivel 3-4),
        Mujeres,5,3,5,1,5,3,8,4,4,6,5,4,6,4,7,1,7,5,7,3,7,9,7,7,6,8,
        Hombres,5,2,5,1,5,1,4,1,4,6,5,5,6,8,7,8,7,2,7,9,7,4,7,9,8,2,7,6,
    Educación superior (nivel 5-8),
        Mujeres,1,3,1,9,2,4,1,5,2,2,1,3,2,4,4,5,9,5,7,5,4,5,1,4,9,4,3,
        Hombres,2,1,2,3,2,1,6,2,3,2,8,3,1,3,9,5,8,5,2,4,8,4,4,4,8,4,3,
Eslovenia,
    Preescolar, primaria y secundaria 1ª etapa (nivel 0-2),
        Mujeres,9,3,10,6,9,8,8,9,3,10,15,13,4,14,8,18,8,14,2,11,9,9,8,7,8,
        Hombres,9,3,8,1,12,1,10,7,8,1,11,9,14,1,14,3,15,8,17,2,15,3,14,6,13,3,9,7,
    Secundaria 2ª etapa (nivel 3-4),
        Mujeres,5,7,6,9,7,5,5,7,6,3,8,4,9,2,12,2,11,9,12,3,10,1,9,5,7,9,6,8,
        Hombres,3,7,4,5,4,3,3,9,4,9,5,6,7,3,8,5,9,5,9,7,8,4,8,1,7,2,6,
    Educación superior (nivel 5-8),
        Mujeres,2,7,3,5,3,3,3,6,4,4,6,6,5,6,7,7,6,7,7,1,4,9,4,4,3,3,
        Hombres,2,6,3,1,2,9,2,2,2,7,4,1,5,6,4,6,4,5,5,4,6,4,9,4,1,3,1,
República Eslovaca,
    Preescolar, primaria y secundaria 1ª etapa (nivel 0-2),
        Mujeres,43,5,41,8,32,1,29,3,29,1,27,5,32,1,35,5,36,8,39,2,40,8,38,3,43,40,8,
        Hombres,37,2,41,4,29,3,32,1,30,4,31,8,31,2,39,6,44,9,45,5,48,2,46,5,45,3,42,2,
    Secundaria 2ª etapa (nivel 3-4),
        Mujeres,6,6,8,7,5,5,6,6,8,10,6,12,9,13,4,14,4,14,5,13,7,14,7,12,4,
        Hombres,5,3,6,5,8,4,3,5,2,7,2,8,1,9,5,12,13,6,12,7,13,2,13,6,10,7,
    Educación superior (nivel 5-8),
        Mujeres,2,5,3,1,3,6,2,7,3,6,4,9,6,3,6,9,7,7,8,2,7,6,6,6,5,5,4,6,
        Hombres,2,2,2,7,3,3,2,2,2,5,3,3,4,9,5,1,5,1,6,2,5,9,5,6,2,3,8,
Finlandia,
    Preescolar, primaria y secundaria 1ª etapa (nivel 0-2),
        Mujeres,17,8,19,1,21,2,17,8,17,9,21,6,20,8,19,9,18,9,18,4,17,9,17,16,7,15,2,
        Hombres,13,15,1,17,4,15,14,7,15,8,14,1,16,2,16,1,16,3,14,6,15,5,15,7,14,6,
    Secundaria 2ª etapa (nivel 3-4),
        Mujeres,7,7,5,9,7,8,9,9,3,9,2,9,9,9,8,3,7,6,7,6,8,1,8,4,
        Hombres,7,3,8,4,8,8,7,4,7,8,9,5,9,8,10,5,9,8,9,2,8,7,8,6,9,5,9,8,
    Educación superior (nivel 5-8),
        Mujeres,3,6,4,3,4,5,3,7,4,2,5,3,5,7,5,7,4,6,4,1,3,5,3,7,4,3,4,1,
        Hombres,4,4,5,1,4,1,4,3,4,1,5,2,6,6,3,5,7,4,8,4,4,4,2,4,6,4,
Suecia,
    Preescolar, primaria y secundaria 1ª etapa (nivel 0-2),
        Mujeres,29,9,33,8,28,5,25,2,21,20,2,20,21,7,21,2,20,2,18,1,17,5,17,8,16,2,
        Hombres,21,6,23,9,22,17,4,17,17,3,17,9,16,7,17,5,17,8,17,2,15,7,16,3,15,5,
    Secundaria 2ª etapa (nivel 3-4),
        Mujeres,6,6,7,3,6,9,5,3,5,5,1,5,6,6,3,7,7,3,7,4,7,6,8,5,8,
        Hombres,5,1,6,4,5,9,4,8,4,4,5,2,5,7,6,2,7,7,6,9,6,7,7,8,8,1,
    Educación superior (nivel 5-8),
        Mujeres,3,5,4,2,4,4,3,4,3,2,3,6,3,5,3,8,4,4,2,3,9,3,9,4,4,4,1,
        Hombres,3,3,4,6,5,1,4,2,4,4,4,7,4,7,4,8,4,8,4,7,4,9,4,7,5,1,5,
Reino Unido,
    Preescolar, primaria y secundaria 1ª etapa (nivel 0-2),
        Mujeres,..,..,..,6,2,6,2,7,1,7,7,9,1,10,6,13,3,12,6,12,3,11,8,11,
        Hombres,..,..,..,6,8,6,5,7,4,8,7,9,9,11,8,14,3,15,15,5,15,5,14,6,
    Secundaria 2ª etapa (nivel 3-4),
        Mujeres,..,..,..,4,4,9,4,6,5,3,6,1,6,8,8,1,8,3,8,1,7,6,6,7,
        Hombres,..,..,..,4,1,4,5,4,9,5,4,5,9,6,9,8,4,8,8,8,9,8,7,8,5,
    Educación superior (nivel 5-8),
        Mujeres,..,..,..,2,4,2,5,2,9,3,1,2,9,3,2,3,7,4,3,4,2,3,7,3,4,
        Hombres,..,..,..,2,6,2,5,2,6,2,8,3,3,2,4,2,4,3,4,5,4,5,4,5,
Notas:
Ruptura de serie en 2014
España: % de población de 16 a 74 años 
UE27_2020: 27 países (desde 2020). UE-28: 28 países (2013-2020)
Fuente: Encuesta Europea de Fuerza del Trabajo (LFS). Eurostat.
Fuente: