17/2023
Sustainable Development Goals (17/17)
17. Strengthening the means of implementation and revitalising the Global Partnership for Sustainable Development
In this number...
The "Indicators of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development" is an operation within the National Statistical Plan, which is produced by INE in collaboration with the statistical services of the ministries. Its results can be viewed at: https://www.ine.es/dyngs/ODS/es/index.htm.
By means of Goal 17, the countries undertake to: 1) Strengthen domestic resource mobilization to improve domestic capacity for tax and other revenue collection; 2) Ensure that developed countries fully implement their official development assistance commitments; 3) Mobilize additional financial resources for developing countries; 4) Assist developing countries in attaining long-term debt sustainability; 5) Adopt and implement investment promotion schemes for the least developed countries; 6) Enhance regional and international North-South, South-South and triangular cooperation in science, technology and innovation; 7) Promote the development of environmentally sound technologies and their transfer, dissemination and dissemination to developing countries; 8) Fully operationalize the technology bank and the mechanism to support capacity-building in science, technology and innovation for the least developed countries and increase the use of enabling technologies; 9) Increase international support for effective and targeted capacity building in developing countries for the implementation of all SDGs; 10) Promote a universal, open, non-discriminatory and equitable multilateral trading system; 11) Increase exports from developing countries; 12) Achieve duty-free and quota-free market access for the least developed countries; 13) Enhance global macroeconomic stability; 14) Improve policy coherence for sustainable development; 15) Respect the policy space and leadership of each country in setting and implementing policies for poverty eradication and sustainable development; 16) Enhance the Global Partnership for Sustainable Development; 17) Encourage and promote effective public, public-private and civil society partnerships; 18) Enhance capacity-building support to developing countries to increase the availability of timely, reliable and high-quality disaggregated data; and 19) Develop indicators to measure progress in sustainable development and support statistical capacity-building in developing countries.
The global framework contains 24 indicators for the monitoring of goal 17. 51 sub-indicators corresponding to 14 SDG indicators have been published on the national indicator platform. In addition, there is one indicator that does not apply for Spain. Therefore, the coverage rate of the SDG 17 indicators stands at 62.5%.
Official assistance to development in Spain and in the EU
The European Indicator “Official development assistance as share of gross national income” is part of the EU set of indicators used to monitor progress towards SDG 17 on revitalizing the global partnership for sustainable development; which is embedded in the European Commission’s Priorities under "A stronger Europe in the world".
Official development assistance is the loans and guarantees that are assumed by the official sector of a recipient country with the aim of promoting its economic development and well-being. The European Development Consensus, adopted in 2017, underlines the need to dedicate a share of between 0.15% and 0.20% of Gross National Income to the least developed countries for this purpose in the short term, reaching 0.20% by 2030.
In 2021, the European Union dedicated 0.11% of its Gross National Income to official development assistance to the least developed countries, which meant a growth of 0.03 percentage points compared with 2015.
The countries with the highest contribution (as a proportion of their GNI) were Luxembourg (0.45%), Sweden (0.32%) and Denmark (0.22%). At the other end of the scale were Cyprus (0.01%) and Bulgaria, Croatia, Latvia, Lithuania, Malta, Poland, Romania and Slovakia (all contributing 0.02% of their GNI).
For its part, Spain allocated 0.05% of its GNI in 2021, which meant a growth of 0.02 percentage points since 2015 (when it was 0.03%).
Did you know…?
Spain allocated €240,000 as ODA for statistical training This was 62% more than in 2019 when it allocated 148,000 euros.
Fiscal revenue
The subindicator 17.1.1.1 Total revenue of Public Administrations as a proportion of GDP, by source measures the total consolidated revenue of public administrations of the Autonomous Communities and local authorities in proportion to GDP at current prices. The source of the indicator is the Annual Spanish National Accounts: Main aggregates, for which the INE is responsible.
Did you know…?
In 2021, the proportion of total tax revenue from environmental taxes was 4.6% in Spain. This meant 0.9 percentage points less than the average of the EU-27.
In 2020, the total revenue of the Public Administrations in Spain accounted for 41.48% of its GDP. This was an increase of 2.77 percentage points compared with 2015.
Gross fixed capital formation, final consumption expenditure of households and public administrations
Sub-indicator 17.13.1.3 Gross fixed capital formation (GFCF) measures the year-on-year rate of change of GFCF in terms of chained volume. Sub-indicator 17.13.1.4. Household final consumption expenditure (interannual variation rate) measures the year-on-year rate of change of GFCH in terms of chained volume. Sub-indicator 17.13.1.5 General government final consumption expenditure (GFC-PAs) measures the year-on-year rate of change of GFC-PAs in terms of chained volume. The source of the three indicators is the Spanish National Quarterly Accounts: main aggregates, for which the INE is responsible.
In Spain in 2022, the year-on-year variation in gross fixed capital formation was 2.38% compared with 4.87% in 2015, which meant a decrease of 2.49 percentage points.
However, the year-on-year variation in household final consumption expenditure grew by 1.92 percentage points in 2022 (4.81%) compared with 2015 (2.89%).
On the other hand, the year-on-year variation in final consumption expenditure of general government in 2022 was -0.18% compared with 1.97% in 2015. During the period 2015-2022, the largest variation in final consumption expenditure of public administrations was recorded in 2020, with 3.56%.
Broadband Internet coverage
The indicator 17.6.1. Number of fixed broadband Internet subscribers per 100 inhabitants, disaggregated by speed, measures the penetration of broadband access in the population. It is calculated by the number of active broadband access in each speed band. The source of the data comes from the Household Panel of the National Commission on Markets and Competition (an entity attached to the Ministry of Economic Affairs and Digital Transformation).
In the period 2015-2021, there was a decrease in fixed broadband subscribers at speeds below 10 Mbit/s in favour of higher speeds.
The number of subscribers at intermediate speeds (between 2 and 10 Mbit/s) decreased from 1.8% in 2015 to 0.3% in 2021, while the number of subscribers with speeds greater than or equal to 10 Mbit/s increased from 26.76% to 34.92% in the same period.
For its part, the total number of fixed broadband subscribers per 100 inhabitants has grown steadily since 2015, from 28.76% to 35.25% (in 2021), an increase of 6.49 percentage points.
Measuring progress on Goal 17
Progress in Spain on the SDG 17 subindicators is presented, distinguishing between short-term progress (latest year available compared to the previous year) and medium-term progress (since 2015, i.e. the baseline year). In both cases the compound annual growth rate has been used.
For indicators with positive normative direction (increases are desirable) we have: growth rates greater than or equal to 0.5% are considered progress (), rates in the range [0% - 0.5%) slight progress (
), rates in the range [-0.5% - 0) slight decline (
) and for rates less than -0.5%, a decline (
). For indicators that do not evolve,
is used.
For indicators with a negative normative direction, the categories are reversed.
Among the 47 sub-indicators shown in the table, in the medium term, 17 of them are progressing favourably, one shows slight regression, eight are regressing and 12 cannot be assessed due to insufficient data. There are 9 subindicators for which a normative direction cannot be established, so the rates cannot be assessed.
In addition, there are four subindicators with dichotomous values that are not shown in the progress table.
| Subindicator | Unit | Last year |
Last year´s figure |
Medium- term progress |
Short term progress (last two years) |
||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 17.1.1.1. Total revenue of Public Administrations as a proportion of GDP. by source | Porcentaje | 2020 | 41.48 | 1.4% | 5.7% | ||
| 17.1.2.1. Proportion of non-financial domestic budget funded by taxes | Percentage | 2023 | 85.30 | -0.3% | 2.0% | ||
| 17.1.2.2. Proportion of total domestic budget funded by taxes | Percentage | 2023 | 83.80 | 0.3% | 4.6% | ||
| 17.1.2.3. Proportion of environmental taxes in total fiscal revenue | Percentage | 2021 | 4.62 | -3.6% | -3.1% | ||
| 17.2.1.1. Net official development assistance to least developed countries of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) Development Assistance Committee | Millions of euros | 2020 | 27,102.75 | 5.2% | 7.9% | ||
| 17.2.1.2. Gross official development assistance to least developed countries of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) Development Assistance Committee | Millions of euros | 2020 | 27,564.43 | 4.9% | 7.1% | ||
| 17.2.1.3. Total official development assistance and assistance to least developed countries, as a proportion of gross national income (GNI) of Economic Organization donors. | Percentage | 2020 | 0.33 | 0.8% | 10.0% | ||
| 17.3.2.1. Personal transfers in relation to GDP | Percentage of GDP | 2022 | 0.82 | 3.8% | 2.5% | ||
| 17.3.2.2. Volume of remittances | Millions of euros | 2022 | 10,915 | 7.0% | 12.9% | ||
| 17.6.1.1. Fixed Internet broadband subscriptions per 100 inhabitants | Number of subscribers per 100 inhabitants | 2021 | 35.25 | 3.4% | 3.1% | ||
| 17.6.1.2. Fixed Internet broadband subscriptions per 100 inhabitants, speed < 2 Mbit/s | Number of subscribers per 100 inhabitants | 2021 | 0.04 | -24.1% | 0.0% | ||
| 17.6.1.3. Fixed Internet broadband subscriptions per 100 inhabitants, speed >= 2 Mbit/s < 10 Mbit/s | Number of subscribers per 100 inhabitants | 2021 | 0.30 | -25.8% | -69.1% | ||
| 17.6.1.4. Fixed Internet broadband subscriptions per 100 inhabitants, speed >= 10 Mbit/s | Number of subscribers per 100 inhabitants | 2021 | 34.92 | 4.5% | 5.2% | ||
| 17.8.1.1. Proportion of people aged 16-74 years who use the Internet in the last three months (before the survey) | Percentage | 2021 | 93.90 | 3.0% | 0.8% | ||
| 17.9.1.1. Euro value of financial and technical assistance (including through North-South, South-South and triangular cooperation) committed to developing countries | Millions of euros | 2020 | 0.24 | -32.6% | -85.8% | ||
| 17.13.1.1. Current balance account (% of GDP) | Percentage | 2022 | -0.61 | n.d. | -19.7 | ||
| 17.13.1.2. GDP (interannual variation rate) (*) | Percentage | 2022 | 5.77 | 1.8% | 5.8% | ||
| 17.13.1.3. Gross fixed capital formation (interannual variation rate) (*) | Percentage | 2022 | 2.38 | 2.2% | 2.4% | ||
| 17.13.1.4. Household final consumption expenditure (interannual variation rate) (*) | Percentage | 2022 | 4.81 | 1.2% | 4.8% | ||
| 17.13.1.5. General government final consumption expenditure (interannual variation rate) (*) | Percentage | 2022 | -0.18 | 1.9% | -0.2% | ||
| 17.13.1.6. Exports of goods and services (interannual variation rate) (*) | Percentage | 2022 | 15.15 | 2.9% | 15.2% | ||
| 17.13.1.7. Imports of goods and services (interannual variation rate) (*) | Percentage | 2022 | 6.99 | 2.9% | 7.0% | ||
| 17.13.1.8. Unemployment rate | Rates | 2022 | 12.92 | -7.4% | -12.6% | ||
| 17.13.1.9. Annual growth of Consumer Price Index (*) | Rates | 2023M9 | 3.50 | 2.1% | 3.5% | ||
| 17.13.1.10. Personal transfers in relation to GDP | Percentage of GDP | 2022 | 0.82 | 3.8% | 2.5% | ||
| 17.13.1.11. Foreign direct investment in Spain (inward, according to directional principle) (% GDP) | Percentage | 2022 | 2.43 | 19.0% | 82.7% | ||
| 17.13.1.12. Portfolio investment, net variation in assets less net variation in liabilities (BP, current euros) | Millions of euros | 2022 | 41,935 | 21.3% | 15.9% | ||
| 17.13.1.13. Total external debt (% GDP) | Percentage | 2022 | 176.00 | 0.6% | -8.8% | ||
| 17.13.1.14. Official exchange rate (euros per US$) | Euros per US dollars | 2022 | 1.05 | -0.8% | -11.0% | ||
| 17.13.1.15. Broad money growth (annual % growth) | Percentage | 2020 | 10.38 | n.d. | n.d. | ||
| 17.13.1.16. Bank non-performing loans to total gross loans ratio | Percentage | 2020 | 2.90 | -14.1% | -9,4% | ||
| 17.13.1.17. Bank capital to assets ratio | Percentage | 2020 | 6.70 | -0.3% | 2.9% | ||
| 17.13.1.18. D2 gross government and public sector debt (% GDP) | Percentage | 2021 | 118.40 | 2.3% | -1.3% | ||
| 17.13.1.19. Tax revenue (% GDP)) | Percentage | 2022 | 16.30 | 1.7% | 5.2% | ||
| 17.13.1.20. Overall Fiscal Balance (% GDP) | Percentage | 2022 | -4.80 | n.d. | n.d. | ||
| 17.13.1.21. Trade in goods (% of GDP) | Percentage | 2022 | 62.68 | 3.6% | 16.5% | ||
| 17.14.1.1. Mechanisms in place to enhance policy coherence for sustainable development. Global score | Percentage | 2022 | 91.25 | n.d. | n.d. | ||
| 17.14.1.2. Mechanisms in place to enhance policy coherence for sustainable development. Item 1. Institutionalization of political commitment. | Range [0,10] | 2022 | 10.00 | n.d. | n.d. | ||
| 17.14.1.3. Mechanisms in place to enhance policy coherence for sustainable development. Item 2. Long-term considerations. | Range [0,10] | 2022 | 10.00 | n.d. | n.d. | ||
| 17.14.1.4. Mechanisms in place to enhance policy coherence for sustainable development. Item 3. Inter-ministerial and cross-sectoral coordination. | Range [0,10] | 2022 | 10.00 | n.d. | n.d. | ||
| 17.14.1.5. Mechanisms in place to enhance policy coherence for sustainable development. Item 4. Participatory processes. | Range [0,10] | 2022 | 9.00 | n.d. | n.d. | ||
| 17.14.1.6. Mechanisms in place to enhance policy coherence for sustainable development. Item 5. Assessment of policy effects and linkages. | Range [0,10] | 2022 | 9.00 | n.d. | n.d. | ||
| 17.14.1.7. Mechanisms in place to enhance policy coherence for sustainable development. Item 6. Alignment across government levels. | Range [0,10] | 2022 | 10.00 | n.d. | n.d. | ||
| 17.14.1.8. Mechanisms in place to enhance policy coherence for sustainable development. Item 7. Monitoring and reporting for policy coherence. | Range [0,10] | 2022 | 5.00 | n.d. | n.d. | ||
| 17.14.1.9. Mechanisms in place to enhance policy coherence for sustainable development. Item 8. Financial resources and tools. | Range [0,10] | 2022 | 10.00 | n.d. | n.d. | ||
| 17.17.1.1. ODA contributions assigned according to the agents of each project | Euros | 2020 | 3.53 | 56.4% | 74.8% | ||
| 17.19.1.1. Gross ODA made available to strengthen statistical capacity in developing countries | Millions of euros | 2020 | 0.24 | 5.7% | 62.2% |
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