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Quarterly Non-Financial Accounts for the Institutional Sectors (QNFAIS). Fourth quarter of 2023

The net lending of the national economy compared to the rest of the world stood at 16,131 million euros in the fourth quarter of 2023. Gross national income reached 384,435 million euros in the fourth quarter and the gross national disposable income came to 381,291 million. In 2023 as a whole, the national income was of 1,452,661 million, 7.4% above than that in 2022. The savings rate of households was 17.3% of their gross disposable income in the fourth quarter, compared to 15.0% in the same period of 2022. Throughout 2023, the savings rate of households stood at 11.7% of their disposable income, 4.1 points above than that in the previous year.

Net lending (+) or net borrowing (-) by institutional sector and households saving rate - Quarter 4/2023
Indicator Note Value Variation Percentage of Gross Domestic Product (GDP)
Total economy 16,131 4,017 4.2
Non-Financial Corporations 6,922 -10,978 1.8
Financial corporations 12,020 217 3.1
General government -25,828 11,332 -6.7
Households 23,017 3,446 6.0
Household saving rate 17.3 2.3 --
  • Net lending (+) / net borrowing (-) in Million euro
    Year-to-year change: difference compared to the same quarter of the previous year
    Households including non-profit institutions serving households
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Quarter 4/2023 Published: 02/04/2024
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The Quarterly Non-Financial Accounts for the Institutional Sectors (QNFAIS) quantify the economic relations that occur each quarter among the institutional sectors that make up the national economy (households and non-profit institutions serving households, non-financial corporations, financial corporations and the general government) and between these and the rest of the world. They constitute an ordered series of accounts describing each of the phases of the economic process: production and generation of income, distribution and redistribution, final consumption, saving and accumulation of assets.

The results of the QNFAIS are presented in the form of integrated and detailed accounts, as well as a time series of the different operations and balances recorded therein. It also includes the series adjusted for seasonal and calendar effects of the main accounting balances of the national economy, flows with the rest of the world and the main balances and transactions of non-financial corporations, general government and households.

The results correspond to the 2019 Benchmark Revision (ESA 2010). In the Related Links section you may consult the information corresponding to previous accounting bases.