Main results
- The Spanish economy emitted 283.6 million tonnes of greenhouse gases in 2025, 1.5% more than in 2024. Households accounted for 23.1%.
- There has been a 32.0% reduction in greenhouse gas emissions since 2008.
Environmental accounts. Air Emission Accounts
Year 2025. Preview data
More information
The Air Emission Accounts record the emissions of resident economic units both inside and outside the economic territory.
In 2025, greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions increased by 1.5% to 283.6 million tonnes of carbon dioxide equivalent (tCO2e), a figure used to compare the emissions of these gases that converts them into their carbon dioxide equivalent by multiplying the mass of the gas by their global warming potential.
Greenhouse Gas Emissions
Million tonnes of carbon dioxide equivalent (tCO2e)
From 2008 (first year of the accounting series) to 2025, the decrease in GHG emissions was 32.0%.
There are different types of GHG. The main ones, due to their level of emissions, are carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O). Carbon dioxide emissions into the atmosphere increased by 1.7% in 2025, methane by 0.4% and nitrous oxide by 1.5%.
Greenhouse gas emissions by type of gas. 2025 Preview
Thousand tonnes of carbon dioxide equivalent (tCO2e)
Emissions by activity branches and households
In 2025, Households emitted 23.1% of total GHG emissions, Manufacturing 22.1% and Agriculture, livestock, forestry and fishing 15.3%.
The only activity branch where GHG emissions decreased was Manufacturing industry (about 2.1%). Meanwhile, the largest increase occurred in Electricity, gas, steam, and air conditioning supply (9.2%). Households increased their GHG emissions by 1.1%.
Greenhouse gas emissions by activity branches and households
Thousand tonnes of carbon dioxide equivalent (tCO2e)
Emissions by type of gas
The highest amounts of carbon dioxide emitted in 2025 corresponded to Households (63.4 million tonnes), Manufacturing (59.2 million) and Transport and storage services (39.5 million).
Meanwhile, Agriculture, livestock, forestry and fishing emitted the highest amounts of methane (61.3% of the total) and nitrous oxide (55.2%).
Greenhouse gas emissions by type of gas, activity branches and households. 2025 Preview
Thousand tonnes of carbon dioxide equivalent (tCO2e)
Other atmospheric emissions. Year 2024
Other environmental problems that cause harmful effects on the environment and health are acidifying gases, tropospheric ozone precursor gases and particulates (fine dust).
Tropospheric ozone precursor gases --which include non-methane volatile organic compounds (NMVOC), nitrogen oxides (NOx), methane (CH4) and carbon monoxide (CO) measured in equivalent tonnes of NMVOCs-- decreased by 0.6% in 2024, while emissions of particles with an aerodynamic diameter of less than 2.5 microns decreased by 0.4%.
Meanwhile, acidifying gases –sulphur oxides (SOx), nitrogen oxides (NOx) and ammonia (NH3) measured in equivalent tonnes of sulphur dioxide (tSO2e), depending on their degree of acidification– increased by 0.7%.
Emissions of atmospheric pollutants. Year 2024
Thousands of tonnes
The highest emissions of ozone precursor gases corresponded to Agriculture, livestock, forestry and fishing (362.8 thousand tonnes of equivalent NMVOC), Manufacturing (362.2) and Households (297.0).
On the other hand, Agriculture, livestock, forestry and fishing emitted the highest amounts of acidifying gases (947.3 thousand tonnes of tSO2e), followed by Manufacturing (146.5).
Households (36.9 thousand tonnes) and Agriculture, livestock, forestry and fishing (25.1 thousand tonnes) accounted for the highest emissions of particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter of less than 2.5 microns (PM2.5).
Data revisions and updates
The data published today is provisional and will be revised when next year's data is released. All results of this operation are available on INEbase.
Methodological note
The objective of the Environmental Accounts (EA) is to integrate environmental information into the central system of National Accounts in a coherent way. They include a set of satellite accounts, which are transmitted annually, compiled using the accounting formats applicable to the different sectoral and territorial areas, with a major presence of physical data. They display the interactions among the economy, households and environmental factors.
The Air Emissions Accounts present data regarding the polluting emissions into the atmosphere, in a way that is compatible with the National Accounts System, registering the emitting agents, broken down by branch of economic activity and households as final consumers.
The estimates of the Air Emissions Accounts are made from the National Inventories of Emissions to the Atmosphere, prepared by the Ministry for Ecological Transition and the Demographic Challenge, which use the IPCC and EMEP/EEA methodology, with the NFR/CRF nomenclature (Nomenclature for Reporting/Common Reporting Format), which groups emissions into sectors, categories and subcategories.
The Emissions Account is constructed from a set of aggregated indicators on the origin and destination of pollutant emissions into the atmosphere, derived from a wide variety of statistical operations, each of which is subject to its own availability and revision schedule. This means that the estimates of the aggregates are subject to a revision process for the whole series of results to ensure that the estimation methods are kept up to date.
For more information, you can access the Standardised Methodological Report.
INE statistics are produced in accordance with the Code of Good Practice for European Statistics. More information on Quality at INE and the Code of Best Practices.
For further information see
Official INE account on
@es_ine
Official INE account on
@es_ine
- All press releases at:
- www.ine.es/en/prensa/prensa_en.htm
- Press office:
- (+34) 91 583 93 63 / (+34) 661 944 540 / (+34) 678 168 837 – gprensa@ine.es
- Information area:
- (+34) 91 583 91 00 – www.ine.es/infoine/?L=1