Press Release: Estimated Number of weekly Deaths (ENWD). Monthly Births Estimate (MBE). Year 2025.

Main results

The number of births rose by 1.0% in the year 2025.
The number of deaths increased by 2.5% compared to the previous year.
The population growth showed a negative balance of 122,167 people.

More information

The INE publishes today the results on the estimated number of monthly births and deaths for the month of December, so it now has the estimates for the entire year of 2025.

These estimates, made according to the entries registered in computerised civil registers, provide a preview on the number of births, deaths and the population growth in 2025, but these data are markedly provisional and may undergo variations in the coming months.

Number of births and deaths by month. 2025

Births

During 2025, it is provisionally estimated there were 321,164 births in Spain, representing an upturn of 1.0% compared to the previous year (3,159 more births).

Although the number of births has been on a downward trend over the last decade, in 2025 there has been a slight rise, which has yet to be confirmed with definitive data, thus breaking the trend of the last decade.

Number of births

In recent years, the evolution of the number of births has been accompanied by a delay in maternity age.

In relative terms, while in 2015 7.8% of births were to mothers aged 40 or older, in 2025 that percentage increased to 10.4%.

Births by mother¿s age in 2015 and 2025

{
  "mode": "table",
  "category": [
    "2015",
    "2025",
    "Total",
    "%",
    "TOTAL",
    "Less than 25 years",
    "From 25 to 39 years",
    "40 and more years"
  ],
  "ids": [
    "table_1_2015",
    "",
    "table_1_2025",
    "",
    "table_1_Total",
    "table_1_",
    "table_1_Total",
    "table_1_",
    "table_1_TOTAL",
    "table_1_Less_than_25_years",
    "table_1_From_25_to_39_years",
    "table_1_40_and_more_years"
  ],
  "col": [
    [
      "0",
      "2"
    ],
    [
      "",
      "3"
    ],
    [
      "1",
      "2"
    ],
    [
      "",
      "3"
    ]
  ],
  "row": [
    [
      "4"
    ],
    [
      "5"
    ],
    [
      "6"
    ],
    [
      "7"
    ]
  ],
  "data": [
    "420,290",
    "100%",
    "321,164",
    "100%",
    "38,141",
    "9.1%",
    "30,497",
    "9.5%",
    "349,420",
    "83.1%",
    "257,307",
    "80.1%",
    "32,729",
    "7.8%",
    "33,360",
    "10.4%"
  ],
  "textLad": [
    "",
    "Mother`s age"
  ],
  "title": "",
  "leftSideCols": 1,
  "rowsHeader": 2
}

Deaths

In 2025, it is estimated that 446,982 persons died in Spain, 2.5% more than the previous year.

By age and sex, the largest relative decrease in deaths was recorded for males under four years of age (-12.9% compared to 2024), while the largest increase was observed for males aged five to 29 years (6.6%).

Deaths by age group and sex. 2024 and 2025

{
  "mode": "table",
  "category": [
    "TOTAL",
    "MEN",
    "WOMEN",
    "2024",
    "2025",
    "Annual Var.",
    "0-4",
    "5-29",
    "30-49",
    "50-69",
    "70-74",
    "75-79",
    "80-84",
    "85-89",
    "90 or more"
  ],
  "ids": [
    "table_1_TOTAL",
    "",
    "",
    "table_1_MEN",
    "",
    "",
    "table_1_WOMEN",
    "",
    "",
    "table_1_2024",
    "table_1_2025",
    "table_1_Annual_Var",
    "table_1_2024",
    "table_1_2025",
    "table_1_Annual_Var",
    "table_1_2024",
    "table_1_2025",
    "table_1_Annual_Var",
    "table_1_TOTAL",
    "table_1_04",
    "table_1_529",
    "table_1_3049",
    "table_1_5069",
    "table_1_7074",
    "table_1_7579",
    "table_1_8084",
    "table_1_8589",
    "table_1_90_or_more"
  ],
  "col": [
    [
      "0",
      "3"
    ],
    [
      "",
      "4"
    ],
    [
      "",
      "5"
    ],
    [
      "1",
      "3"
    ],
    [
      "",
      "4"
    ],
    [
      "",
      "5"
    ],
    [
      "2",
      "3"
    ],
    [
      "",
      "4"
    ],
    [
      "",
      "5"
    ]
  ],
  "row": [
    [
      "0"
    ],
    [
      "6"
    ],
    [
      "7"
    ],
    [
      "8"
    ],
    [
      "9"
    ],
    [
      "10"
    ],
    [
      "11"
    ],
    [
      "12"
    ],
    [
      "13"
    ],
    [
      "14"
    ]
  ],
  "data": [
    "436,118",
    "446,982",
    "2.5%",
    "220,090",
    "225,438",
    "2.4%",
    "216,028",
    "221,544",
    "2.6%",
    "1,172",
    "1,076",
    "-8.2%",
    "667",
    "581",
    "-12.9%",
    "505",
    "494",
    "-2.2%",
    "2,281",
    "2,392",
    "4.9%",
    "1,555",
    "1,657",
    "6.6%",
    "726",
    "732",
    "0.8%",
    "11,303",
    "11,072",
    "-2.0%",
    "7,413",
    "7,145",
    "-3.6%",
    "3,890",
    "3,928",
    "1.0%",
    "71,187",
    "72,152",
    "1.4%",
    "46,822",
    "47,576",
    "1.6%",
    "24,365",
    "24,576",
    "0.9%",
    "33,622",
    "35,027",
    "4.2%",
    "21,743",
    "22,531",
    "3.6%",
    "11,879",
    "12,496",
    "5.2%",
    "48,173",
    "49,048",
    "1.8%",
    "29,533",
    "29,639",
    "0.4%",
    "18,640",
    "19,409",
    "4.1%",
    "61,177",
    "64,831",
    "6.0%",
    "33,423",
    "35,497",
    "6.2%",
    "27,754",
    "29,334",
    "5.7%",
    "80,436",
    "79,957",
    "-0.6%",
    "36,472",
    "36,447",
    "-0.1%",
    "43,964",
    "43,510",
    "-1.0%",
    "126,767",
    "131,429",
    "3.7%",
    "42,462",
    "44,366",
    "4.5%",
    "84,305",
    "87,063",
    "3.3%"
  ],
  "textLad": [
    "",
    "Years"
  ],
  "title": "",
  "leftSideCols": 1,
  "rowsHeader": 2
}

Natural population change

The vegetative balance of the population (that is, the difference between births and deaths occurring in Spain) was negative, standing at 122,167 people , according to the 2025 provisional data.

Natural population change¹. Years 2015 to 2025

¹ El saldo vegetativo se calcula mediante la resta entre los nacimientos de madres residentes y las defunciones de residentes en España.

Data by Autonomous Communities and Cities

The largest increases in the number of births in the year 2025 were recorded in Comunidad de Madrid (3.3%) and País Vasco (3.0%). The largest decreases were found in the autonomous cities of Melilla (-10.1%) and Ceuta (-6.6%), and in Illes Balears (-2.6%).

As for deaths, the largest increases compared to 2024 occurred in the autonomous cities of Ceuta (16.5%) and Melilla (15.2%) and Canarias (5.9%). The largest decrease was recorded in La Rioja (-3.7%).

Vegetative growth (births minus deaths) was negative in 2025 in all the autonomous communities, except in Comunidad de Madrid (which had a positive balance of 2,134 persons), Región de Murcia (509) and the autonomous cities of Melilla (215) and Ceuta (32).

On the other hand, the highest negative vegetative balances were recorded in Galicia (-19,894), Castilla y León (-16,318) and Andalucía (-15,509).

Births, Deaths and Vegetative Balance by Autonomous Communities and Cities. 2025

{
  "mode": "table",
  "category": [
    "Births",
    "Annual Var.",
    "Deaths",
    "Vegetative Bal.",
    "National total",
    "Andalucía",
    "Aragón",
    "Asturias, Principado de",
    "Balears, Illes",
    "Canarias",
    "Cantabria",
    "Castilla y León",
    "Castilla-La Mancha",
    "Cataluña",
    "Comunitat Valenciana",
    "Extremadura",
    "Galicia",
    "Madrid, Comunidad de",
    "Murcia, Región de",
    "Navarra, Comunidad Foral de",
    "País Vasco",
    "Rioja, La",
    "Ceuta",
    "Melilla"
  ],
  "ids": [
    "table_1_Births",
    "table_1_Annual_Var",
    "table_1_Deaths",
    "table_1_Annual_Var",
    "table_1_Vegetative_Bal",
    "table_1_National_total",
    "table_1_Andalucia",
    "table_1_Aragon",
    "table_1_Asturias_Principado_de",
    "table_1_Balears_Illes",
    "table_1_Canarias",
    "table_1_Cantabria",
    "table_1_Castilla_y_Leon",
    "table_1_CastillaLa_Mancha",
    "table_1_Cataluna",
    "table_1_Comunitat_Valenciana",
    "table_1_Extremadura",
    "table_1_Galicia",
    "table_1_Madrid_Comunidad_de",
    "table_1_Murcia_Region_de",
    "table_1_Navarra_Comunidad_Foral_de",
    "table_1_Pais_Vasco",
    "table_1_Rioja_La",
    "table_1_Ceuta",
    "table_1_Melilla"
  ],
  "col": [
    [
      "0"
    ],
    [
      "1"
    ],
    [
      "2"
    ],
    [
      "1"
    ],
    [
      "3"
    ]
  ],
  "row": [
    [
      "4"
    ],
    [
      "5"
    ],
    [
      "6"
    ],
    [
      "7"
    ],
    [
      "8"
    ],
    [
      "9"
    ],
    [
      "10"
    ],
    [
      "11"
    ],
    [
      "12"
    ],
    [
      "13"
    ],
    [
      "14"
    ],
    [
      "15"
    ],
    [
      "16"
    ],
    [
      "17"
    ],
    [
      "18"
    ],
    [
      "19"
    ],
    [
      "20"
    ],
    [
      "21"
    ],
    [
      "22"
    ],
    [
      "23"
    ]
  ],
  "data": [
     "321,164",
    "1.0%",
    "446,982",
    "2.5%",
    "-125,818",
    "60,177",
    "0.1%",
    "75,686",
    "3.1%",
    "-15,509",
    "8,709",
    "1.3%",
    "13,822",
    "-0.8%",
    "-5,113",
    "4,577",
    "0.9%",
    "13,209",
    "0.8%",
    "-8,632",
    "8,835",
    "-2.6%",
    "9,043",
    "0.5%",
    "-208",
    "11,672",
    "-0.2%",
    "18,580",
    "5.9%",
    "-6,908",
    "2,973",
    "-1.3%",
    "6,177",
    "1.2%",
    "-3,204",
    "12,649",
    "0.9%",
    "28,967",
    "1.4%",
    "-16,318",
    "14,560",
    "2.6%",
    "19,935",
    "0.9%",
    "-5,375",
    "54,214",
    "0.9%",
    "68,538",
    "1.5%",
    "-14,324",
    "35,822",
    "0.8%",
    "47,653",
    "2.9%",
    "-11,831",
    "6,439",
    "-1.5%",
    "11,603",
    "1.1%",
    "-5,164",
    "13,567",
    "1.6%",
    "33,461",
    "2.2%",
    "-19,894",
    "52,450",
    "3.3%",
    "50,316",
    "1.8%",
    "2,134",
    "12,604",
    "0.8%",
    "12,095",
    "3.3%",
    "509",
    "4,529",
    "-0.9%",
    "5,906",
    "-2.3%",
    "-1,377",
    "13,344",
    "3.0%",
    "23,424",
    "4.6%",
    "-10,080",
    "2,060",
    "0.5%",
    "3,183",
    "-3.7%",
    "-1,123",
    "640",
    "-6.6%",
    "608",
    "16.5%",
    "32",
    "715",
    "-10.1%",
    "500",
    "15.2%",
    "215"
  ],
  "textLad": [
    ""
  ],
  "title": "",
  "leftSideCols": 1,
  "rowsHeader": 1
}

Reviews and data updates

The data published today on 2025 are provisional and will be revised in the coming months. All the results of this operation are available on INEbase (ENWD and MEB).

Methodological note

The objective of the Estimate of the Number of Weekly Deaths (ENWD) is to provide rapid estimates of the number of deaths occurring each week and each month based on the entries recorded in the computerised Civil Registries, as well as on their comparison with historical death data. This allows the data to be interpreted with a historical perspective, which is necessary given the variability of deaths over time.

Type of operation:: monthly continuous survey.
Population scope:: all persons who die in Spain.
Geographical scope:: the entire national territory.
Reference period:: weekly and monthly.
Collection method:: The General Office of Legal Security and Public Faith sends files of deaths recorded in INFOREG and DICIREG to the INE on a daily basis.

For more information, you can access the methodology and the standardised methodological report..

The purpose of the Monthly Estimates of Birth (MEB) is to offer rapid estimates on the total number of births occurring each month, based on the records entered into the computerised Civil Registers on a monthly basis, as well as compare them with the historical data already published, which allows for interpreting the data with a much-needed historical perspective, given the variability and gradual decrease revealed by the birth figures over the last few years.

Type of operation:: monthly continuous survey.
Population scope:: all births registered in Spain.
Geographical scope:: the entire national territory.
Reference period:: monthly.
Collection method:: The General Office of Legal Security and Public Faith sends files of births recorded in INFOREG and DICIREG to the INE on a monthly basis.