Press Release: Labour Price Index (LPI). Base 2016. Year 2023.

Main results

The Labour Price Index rose by 2.4% in 2023.
The activity that recorded the highest increase was Mining and quarrying industries (4.5%).
Comunidad Foral de Navarra recorded the highest increase (5.2%) and Illes Balears the largest decrease (-3.6%).

More information

Annex of tables (includes information from the Autonomous Communities)
Detailed results

The annual variation of the Labour Price Index (LPI) was 2.4% in 2023. This rate was 3.1 points lower than that registered the previous year, which was 5.5%.

LPI Annual Evolution

Percentage

Results according to the main characteristics of the job position

The economic activities with the largest increases in labour prices in 2023 were Mining and quarrying industries (4.5%), Education (4.2%), and Wholesale and retail trade; repair of motor vehicles and motorcycles (4.1%).

On the other hand, the smallest increases in the LPI were recorded in Accommodation and food service activities (-3.5%), Electricity, gas, steam and air conditioning supply (-2.4%) and Arts, entertainment and recreation activities (-2.0%).

LPI by Economic Activity. Year 2023

Annual rate (percentage)

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Occupation is one of the variables that most influences the cost of labor. In 2023, the largest increases in the LPI were recorded among the groups of Technicians and Associate Professional (3.2%) and in Financial and insurance activities (3.1%).

The lowest percentages were recorded for Elementary occupations (0.6%) and Plant and Machine Operators, and Assemblers (0.9%).

LPI by Occupation. Year 2023

Annual rate (percentage)

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By type of working day, the LPI increased by 2.8% among full-time workers and decreased by 0.7% among part-time workers. By type of contract, the LPI rose by 2.3% for indefinite-term contracts and by 3.5% for temporary ones.

LPI. Year 2023

Percentage

Results by worker characteristics

By sex, the LPI registered an annual increase of 2.7% in women and 2.2% in men.

LPI: Overall and by Sex. Year 2023

Percentage

By age group, the highest increase in the LPI was recorded among workers aged 45 to 54 (3.7%). The only decrease occurred among those under 25 years of age (-8.0%).

LPI by Age Group. Year 2023

Annual rate (percentage)

By nationality, the LPI recorded an increase of 2.6% for workers with Spanish nationality and a decrease of 0.3% for those with foreign nationality.

LPI by nacionality. Year 2023

Percentage

Territorial analysis

The highest salaries in 2023 were in Comunidad Foral de Navarra (5.2%), País Vasco (4.2%) and Región de Murcia (3.9%).

By contrast, the LPI decreased in Illes Balears (-3.6%) and Aragón (-0.1%).

LPI by Autonomous Community. Year 2023

Annual rate (Percentage)

Revisions and data updates

The data published today are final. All results of this operation are available on INEBase.

Methodological note

The aim of the Labour Price Index (LPI) is to measure the change in the price of labour over time without this measure being affected by changes in the quality and quantity of work performed (for example, changes in the composition of the labour force, number of hours worked, type of contract, characteristics of employees, etc.). In other words, the composition effect is not taken into account.

The LPI complements the information available in Spain from the INE's Quarterly Labour Cost Survey, Annual Labour Cost Survey and Wage Structure Survey, which provide series of average results on labour and wage costs per employee. These series include the variation in costs and any changes in the composition of employment.

Type of operation:: statistics presented in index form.
Base year:: 2016
Reference period of the results:: the calendar year.
Reference period for the weightings:: the week before the interview.
Population scope:: paid employees in local units.
Geographical scope:: the entire national territory.
Calculation method:: Laspeyres’ Chain Index.

More information on the methodology and the standardised methodological report.

INE statistics are produced in accordance with the Code of Good Practice for European Statistics. More information on Quality at INE and Code of Best Practices.