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Industrial Companies Survey

• 1Contact
  • 1.1Contact organisation
    National Statistics Institute of Spain
    
  • 1.5Contact mail address
    Paseo de la Castellana 183 - 28046 Madrid
    
• 2Metadata update
  • 2.1Metadata last certified
    25/06/2020
  • 2.2Metadata last posted
    24/06/2020
  • 2.3Metadata last update
    25/06/2020
• 3Statistical presentation
  • 3.1Data description

    OBJECTIVES:

    The Structural Business Statistics: Industrial Sector is an annual structural statistical operation aimed at companies engaged in Industrial activities (Sections B to E of the CNAE-2009), which includes mining and quarrying industries, manufacturing industries, energy, gas and water supply and sanitation activities, waste management and decontamination.

    This operation enables the identification of the main structural and economic characteristics of businesses in the sector studied through a wide range of variables relating to employed staff, turnover and other incomes, purchases and consumption, staff, tax and investment expenditure.

    As well as enabling the study of the transformations undergone in the sector studied, the other main uses are as follows:

    • Meeting requests for information required by international agencies, in particular by the European Statistical Office (Eurostat) and to comply with the requirements of European SBS Regulations (Regulation 295/2008 of the European Parliament and of the Council concerning structural business statistics) and FATS (Regulation 716/2007 of the European Parliament and of the Council on the structure and activity of foreign affiliates).
    • Provide basic information for the National Accounts.
    • Serve as a framework for the updating of short-term indicators.
    • Meet the statistical needs of the Autonomous Communities.
    • Cater for other national and international users (institutions, businesses and associations, researchers, universities and, generally, anyone interested in the structural analysis of the economic sectors studied).

    NOTA IMPORTANTE SOBRE EL CONCEPTO ESTADÍSTICO DE  ‘EMPRESA’:

    De acuerdo con el Sistema Estadístico Europeo, las Estadísticas Estructurales de Empresas han implementado para el ejercicio 2018 una nueva aplicación práctica del concepto estadístico de ‘Empresa’. Los motivos y detalles de la adaptación del concepto estadístico de Empresa fueron anunciados por el INE en Nota de Prensa de 17 de Diciembre de 2019.

    Bajo este nuevo enfoque, una Empresa puede estar formada por una o por varias Unidades Legales, y en este último caso, la Empresa Estadística condensará las variables económicas y de empleo de las Unidades Legales que la integran. Este criterio difiere del aplicado anteriormente según el cual cada Unidad Legal por separado se consideraba una empresa. Aunque el nuevo enfoque solo afecta a las Unidades Legales que forman parte de grupos empresariales, al ser éstas entidades muy relevantes en términos económicos y de empleo, los resultados estadísticos de la EEE y su distribución por actividades y tamaños quedan afectados. Para que los usuarios puedan comparar los datos de la EEE bajo el enfoque tradicional (basado en Unidades Legales separadas) y el nuevo enfoque (basado en las Empresas Estadísticas), para el ejercicio de referencia 2018 el INE ha difundido ambas versiones de los resultados estadísticos.

    CLASSIFICATION VARIABLES:

    Actividad económica principal. La actividad económica realizada por una empresa se define como la creación de valor añadido mediante la producción de bienes y servicios. Las empresas realizan frecuentemente actividades diversas que deberían ser clasificadas en distintas clases de la Clasificación Nacional de Actividades Económicas. A efectos de la EEE, las empresas se clasifican en función de cuál sea su actividad principal.

    Size of the company. The size can be established in terms of the magnitude of the turnover or the production value, or considering the number of persons employed in the company. This operation opts to consider this second option to determine the size of the companies, establishing some sections of size depending on their employed staff .

    Geographical distribution, by Autonomous Community. The companies can have establishments or Premises in different geographical locations, and they can also carry out their management and administration in one of these sites or another located in the same or in another community. The SBS Presents a breakdown by Autonomous Community for certain variables (number of local units, turnover, wages and salaries, investment in tangible assets and persons employed) considering the location of these local units.

    ANALYSIS VARIABLES :

    • Variables on statistical units: company number, number of local units.
    • Variables on employed personnel: total employed personnel, paid personnel, hours worked by paid personnel, full-time equivalent paid personnel.
    • Variables on income: Turnover, breakdown of turnover by geographical destination, sales of products, sales of goods, income from services rendered, work carried out by the company for its assets, other management income, operating subsidies.
    • Variables on stock variations: on finished and partly-finished products, raw materials and supplies, goods and services for resale.
    • Variables on expenditure (except staff costs): total purchases of goods and services, consumption of goods and services for resale, consumption of raw materials, intermediate products and other supplies, expenditure on external services, taxes linked to production and products other than VAT and special taxes.
    • Variables on staff costs: total staff costs, wages and salaries, social charges, other staff costs.
    • Variables on investments: investment in tangible assets, investment in intangible assets.
    • Economic aggregates: production value, gross value added at factor cost, gross operating surplus.
    • Indicators: productivity, average staff expenditure, added value rate, staff expenditure rate, gross operating rate, investment rate, rate of remunerated staff and female participation rate in remunerated staff.

    INTEGRATION PROJECT OF THE STRUCTURAL SURVEYS OF THE INDUSTRY, TRADE AND SERVICES SECTORS

    Up to and including reference year 2014, the structural business surveys of the industry, trade and services sectors were prepared through separate processes and with different data collection and publication calendars according to the different sectors studied.

    From reference year 2015 and with the aim of homogenising and improving the production process of these operations, the statistical results and the release of information, the Integration Project of the Structural Economic Surveys began to be implemented and it has been used over two reference years (2015 and 2016) and has marked an important reform of the aforementioned statistical operations. These statistical operations were renamed, also done in order to highlight the idea of integration, to become the:

    • Structural Business Statistics: Industrial Sector (formerly Industrial Business Survey)
    • Structural Business Statistics: Trade Sector (Previously the Annual Trade Survey)
    • Structural Business Statistics: Services Sector (Previously the Annual Services Survey)

    Los detalles sobre los cambios y mejoras implementados desde el ejercicio de referencia 2015 pueden consultarse en el documento "Estadística Estructural de Empresas. Metodología"  disponible en la web del INE junto a los resultados estadísticos de la operación.

     

  • 3.2Classification system
    • Comunidades y Ciudades Autónomas
      01   Andalucía
      02   Aragón
      03   Asturias, Principado de
      04   Balears, Illes
      05   Canarias
      06   Cantabria
      07   Castilla y León
      08   Castilla - La Mancha
      09   Cataluña
      10   Comunitat Valenciana
      11   Extremadura
      12   Galicia
      13   Madrid, Comunidad de
      14   Murcia, Región de
      15   Navarra, Comunidad Foral de
      16   País Vasco
      17   Rioja, La
      18   Ceuta
      19   Melilla
    • Inversiones
      1   Inversión en activos materiales
           1.1   Terrenos y bienes naturales
           1.2   Edificios, construcciones y reformas
           1.3   Instalaciones técnicas
           1.4   Maquinaria y utillaje
           1.5   Elementos de transporte y otros
      2   Inversión en activos intangibles
    • Países (España)
      108   España
      11X108   Unión Europea sin España
      01T05X11   Otros países
    • Personal ocupado, intervalos
      O0T9   De 0 a 9 personas ocupadas
      O10T19   De 10 a 19 personas ocupadas
      O20T49   De 20 a 49 personas ocupadas
      O50T249   De 50 a 249 personas ocupadas
      O-GE250   250 o más personas ocupadas
    • Servicios exteriores
      1   Investigación y desarrollo
      2   Arrendamientos y cánones
      3   Reparaciones y conservación
      4   Servicios de profesionales independientes ajenos al sector
      5   Transportes realizados por terceros
      6   Primas de seguros no sociales
      7   Servicios bancarios y similares
      8   Publicidad, propaganda y relaciones públicas
      9   Suministros (electricidad, gas, agua etc...)
      O   Otros
  • 3.3Sector coverage

    The detail of the CNAE-2009 activities (sections) that constitute this statistic's population scope are as follows:

    • Section B: Mining and quarrying industries.
    • Section C: Manufacturing industry.
    • Section D: Electricity, gas, steam and air conditioning supply.
    • Section E: Water supply, sanitation activities, waste management and decontamination.
  • 3.4Statistical concepts and definitions
    • Social security costs
      Employers' social security costs correspond to an amount equal to the value of the social contributions incurred by employers in order to secure for their employees the entitlement to social benefits.
    • Turnover
      This includes the total amounts invoiced by the observation unit, during the reference period, for the sales of goods and services supplied to third parties, considering both those carried out directly by the observation unit itself, and those from temporary outsourcing.
      
      These sales of goods or services are accounted for in net terms, that is, including the charges to the client (transport, packages, etc.), though invoiced separately, but deducting the discount on sales for early payment, returns of sales or the value of returned packages, as well as taxes on sales. This includes taxes and fees on goods or services invoiced by the unit, but excludes the VAT paid by the client.
      
      From an administrative point of view, the General Accounting Plan (PGC) (RD 1514/2007, of 16 November) defines the Total net value of turnover, using the following accounting items: C700+C701+C702+C703+C704+C705-C706-C708-C709 with:
      
      C700. Sales of merchandise
      C701. Sales of finished products
      C702. Sales of semi-finished products
      C703. Sales of sub-products and waste
      C704. Sales of packages and packaging
      C705. Provision of services
      C706. Discount on sales for early payment
      C708. Returns of sales and similar transactions
      C709. "Taxes" on sales
      
      Therefore, turnover includes neither subsidies nor other operating income. It also excludes financial and extraordinary income, and other income that affects the results of the fiscal year.
    • Purchases of goods and services purchased for resale in the same condition as received
      Purchases for resale are purchases of goods for resale to third parties without further processing. It also includes purchases of services by "invoicing" service companies, i.e. those whose turnover is composed not only of agency fees charged on a service transaction (as in the case of estate agents) but also the actual amount involved in the service transaction, e.g. transport purchases by travel agents. The value of goods and services which are sold to third parties on a commission basis are excluded since these goods are neither bought nor sold by the agent receiving the commission.
    • Purchases of energy products (in value)
      Purchases of all energy products during the reference period destined to be used as fuel. Energy products purchased as a raw material or for resale without transformation should be excluded. Consumptions are quantified in monetary values.
    • Consumo de materias primas, productos intermedios y otros aprovisionamientos
      Son las compras de materias primas, productos intermedios y otros aprovisionamientos menos la variación de existencias de los mismos.
    • Company
      The company corresponds to an organisation unit that produces goods and services, and that enjoys a certain autonomy in decision-making, mainly at the time of using the available current resources. The company carries out one or more economic activities in one or more places.
    • Establishment or Local Unit
      Establishment or Local Unit is the productive unit located in a topographically marked place (workshop, mine, factory, etc.), from which economic activities are carried out by one or more persons from the same company.
      
      The establishment or Local Unit is the observation or information unit, that is, the unit chosen from the directory and to which the questionnaire data is to refer
    • Gross operating surplus
      Gross operating surplus is the surplus generated by operating activities after the labour factor input has been recompensed. It can be calculated from the value added at factor cost less the personnel costs. It is the balance available to the unit which allows it to recompense the providers of own funds and debt, to pay taxes and eventually to finance all or a part of its investment.
    • Personnel costs
      Personnel costs means the total remuneration, in cash or in kind, to be paid by an employer to an employee (either fixed, temporary or homeworker) in exchange for a work done by this person during the reference period.
      Staff costs also include taxes and social security contributions of employees retained by the unit, as well as the employer's compulsory and voluntary social contributions.
      Staff costs are composed of:
      -Salaries and salaries
      -Employer costs of social security
      Any remuneration paid during the reference period is included, regardless of whether it is paid on the basis of the working day, the production or the piecework, and whether it is paid periodically or not. Also included are all bonuses, productivity and performance premiums, unpaid payments, extraordinary (and similar) pay, redundancy allowances, accommodation and transportation, cost-of-living premiums and Family allowances, commissions, attendance bonuses, overtime, night work, etc., as well as taxes, social security contributions and other amounts payable by employees and retained at the source by Employers.
      The employer's social security costs are also included. These include the employer's social security contributions aimed at covering retirement, sickness, maternity, disability, unemployment, occupational accidents and illnesses, family allowances and other contingencies. These costs are included regardless of whether they are statutory, the subject of a collective agreement, contractual or voluntary
    • Expenses on external services
      This concept comprises the total amount corresponding to the set of operating expenses of a different nature, carried out by the company during the reference year, such as expenditure on research and development, leases and taxes, repairs and preservation, independent professional services, transport, insurance premiums, bank services and the like, advertising, propaganda and public relations, supplies and other services.
    • Number of hours worked by employees
      The total number of hours worked by employees represents the aggregate number of hours actually worked for the output of the observation unit during the reference period.
    • Impuestos ligados a la producción y a los productos distintos del IVA y de los Impuestos Especiales
      Pagos de carácter obligatorio realizados a las Administraciones Públicas, que gravan la actividad productiva de la empresa y la utilización de los factores de producción. No se incluyen a efectos de la encuesta los impuestos sobre la renta, el patrimonio y el capital y, en concreto, el impuesto de sociedades ni el impuesto sobre la renta de las personas físicas. Se excluye el IVA y los impuestos especiales.
    • Inversión
      Comprende las transferencias realizadas durante el año de referencia para la obtención de activos destinados a servir de forma duradera en las actividades de la empresa.
      También comprende las mejoras, transformaciones y reparaciones que prolonguen la vida útil normal, o aumenten la productividad de los capitales fijos existentes. No se incluyen aquellos gastos corrientes de reparación y mantenimiento.
      Se valoran a precio de adquisición, si se compran a terceros, y a coste de producción, si se producen por la propia empresa, incluidos los gastos de instalación y todos los derechos y cánones posibles, pero excluidos el IVA soportado y deducible y los gastos de financiación.
      Se distingue entre:
      - Inversión en inmovilizado material (terrenos, construcciones, maquinaria, utillaje, mobiliario, ordenadores, vehículos,)
      - Inversión en inmovilizado intangible (concesiones administrativas, propiedad industrial, aplicaciones informáticas)
    • Gross investment in construction and alteration of buildings
      This variable covers expenditure during the reference period on the construction or conversion of buildings. Purchases of new buildings that have never been used are included. Also included are all additions, alterations, improvements and renovations which prolong the service life or increase the productive capacity of buildings. Included are permanent installations such as water supply, central heating, air conditioning, lighting etc. as well as construction expenditure related to oil wells (drilling), operational mines, pipe lines, power transmission lines, gas-pipes, railway lines, port installations, roads, bridges, viaducts, drains and other site improvements. Current maintenance costs are excluded.
    • Gross investment in existing buildings and structures
      The investment includes the cost of the existing buildings (that have been used before) and structures which have been acquired during the reference period. Purchases of new buildings that have never been used are excluded. Existing buildings and structures acquired through restructurations (such as mergers, take-overs, break-ups, split-off) are excluded.
    • Gross investment in machinery and equipment
      This variable covers machinery (office machines, etc.), special vehicles used on the premises, other machinery and equipment, all vehicles and boats used off the premises, i.e. motor cars, commercial vehicles and lorries as well as special vehicles of all types, boats, railway wagons, etc. acquired new or second hand during the reference period.. Machinery and equipment acquired through restructurations (such as mergers, take-overs, break-ups, split-off) are excluded. Also included are all additions, alterations, improvements and renovations which prolong the service life or increase the productive capacity of these capital goods. Current maintenance costs are excluded.
    • Gross investment in land
      Included under this variable, in addition to land, are underground deposits, forests and inland waters. Also included here is land merely improved by levelling, the laying of pipes or by the provision of paths or roads. Land acquired through restructurations (such as mergers, take-overs, break-ups, split-off) is excluded.
    • Inversión en activos intangibles
      Se refieren a los gastos de la empresa por la adquisición de elementos de larga duración que no son materiales tales como concesiones, patentes, licencias, marcas comerciales, diseños, derechos de autor,....Incluyen los gastos en investigación y desarrollo activados, concesiones administrativas, propiedad industrial, fondo de comercio, derecho de traspaso de locales e inversiones en aplicaciones informáticas.
    • Gross investment in tangible goods
      Investment during the reference period in all tangible goods. Included are new and existing tangible capital goods, whether bought from third parties, acquired under a financial lease contract (i.e. the right to use a durable good in exchange for rental payments over a predetermined and protracted term) or produced for own use (i.e. Capitalised production of tangible capital goods), having a useful life of more than one year including non-produced tangible goods such as land. The threshold for the useful life of a good that can be capitalised may be increased according to company accounting practices where these practices require a greater expected useful life than the 1 year threshold indicated above.
    • Inversión en edificios, construcciones y reformas
      Tipo de inversión en activos materiales. Incluye el coste de edificios y estructuras existentes (que ya han sido utilizados) adquiridos durante el período de referencia. En los casos en que el terreno se compre con edificios y que el valor de los dos componentes no sea separable, el total se registra en este epígrafe si se estima que el valor de los edificios supera el de terreno.
    • Inversión en elementos de transporte y otros
      Tipo de inversión en activos materiales. Se incluyen vehículos de todas clases destinados al transporte terrestre, marítimo o aéreo de personas, animales o mercancías, así como otro inmovilizado material como mobiliario, equipos para procesamiento de la información, material y equipos de oficina y otras inmovilizaciones materiales no indicadas anteriormente.
    • Inversión en instalaciones técnicas
      Tipo de inversión en activos materiales. Las instalaciones técnicas son unidades complejas de uso especializado en el proceso productivo (edificaciones, maquinaria, material, piezas o elementos, incluidos los sistemas informáticos que, aun siendo separables por naturaleza, están ligados de forma definitiva para su funcionamiento).
    • Inversión en maquinaria y utillaje
      Tipo de inversión en activos materiales. Máquinas o bienes de equipo utilizadas para la elaboración de los productos así como los utensilios o herramientas destinados a este mismo fin y que se pueden utilizar autónomamente o conjuntamente con la maquinaria.
    • Inversión en terrenos y bienes naturales
      Tipo de inversión en activos materiales cuando el bien comprende los solares de naturaleza urbana, fincas rústicas, otros terrenos no urbanos, minas y canteras, excluyéndose cualquier construcción efectuada en la superficie. Se incluye la adaptación de terrenos y bienes naturales (nivelación, colocación de tuberías, o caminos y carreteras).
    • Otros gastos de personal
      Son obligaciones expresas o tácitas a largo plazo, claramente especificadas en cuanto a su naturaleza, pero que, en la fecha de cierre del ejercicio, son indeterminadas en cuanto a su importe exacto o a la fecha en que se producirán (retribuciones a largo plazo mediante sistemas de prestación definida, retribuciones al personal liquidadas en efectivo basado en instrumentos de patrimonio, exceso de provisión por retribuciones al personal, exceso de provisión por transacciones con pagos basados en instrumentos de patrimonio).
    • Otros ingresos de gestión
      Incluye otros ingresos diferentes a los considerados en la cifra de negocios, tales como ingresos por arrendamientos, ingresos de propiedad industrial cedida en explotación, ingresos por comisiones, ingresos por servicios al personal (tales como economatos transportes, viviendas, etc.), ingresos originados por la prestación eventual de ciertos servicios a otras empresas o particulares (eventuales servicios de transporte, asesorías, informes), etc. No incluye las subvenciones a la explotación.
    • Personal ocupado
      Se corresponde con el número total de personas que trabajan en la unidad de observación (incluidos los propietarios que trabajan, los socios que trabajan con regularidad en la unidad y los familiares no retribuidos que trabajan con regularidad en la unidad) y el de personas que, aunque trabajan fuera de la unidad, pertenecen a ella y son retribuidas por ella (por ejemplo, los representantes de comercio, el personal de mensajería y los equipos de reparación y mantenimiento que trabajan por cuenta de la unidad de observación). Incluye tanto al personal remunerado como al no remunerado.
    • Personal remunerado
      Son las personas que trabajan para un empresario, tienen un contrato de trabajo y perciben una remuneración en forma de sueldo, salario, comisión, gratificación, destajo o en especie (deben incluirse todas las personas cuyos pagos se registran en el epígrafe "Costes de personal" en la cuenta de pérdidas y ganancias de la empresa, incluso cuando, en algunos casos, no exista contrato de trabajo).
    • Personal remunerado equivalente a tiempo completo
      Es una medida del personal asalariado, calculada como la suma del personal asalariado a tiempo completo que trabaja todo el año, más la suma de fracciones de tiempo del personal asalariado que trabaja en régimen de dedicación parcial, o que no trabaja todo el año, es decir considerando las fracciones de tiempo de aquellas personas cuyo horario de trabajo sea inferior a una jornada estándar, inferior al número estándar de días laborables por semana o inferior al número estándar de semanas o meses por año.
      La conversión a equivalente a jornada completa debe llevarse a cabo sobre la base del número de horas, días, semanas o meses trabajados. El equivalente a tiempo completo se calcula por separado en cada grupo de empleos, y luego se suma.
    • Subvenciones a la explotación
      Este concepto incluye los importes de las transferencias concedidas a la empresa por las Administraciones Públicas, empresas o particulares con el fin de asegurar a ésta una rentabilidad mínima, compensar déficit de explotación del ejercicio o de ejercicios anteriores, o permitir una remuneración suficiente de los factores de producción.
    • Wages and salaries
      Wages and salaries are defined as "the total remuneration, in cash or in kind, payable to all persons counted on the payroll (including homeworkers), in return for work done during the accounting period." regardless of whether it is paid on the basis of working time, output or piece-work and whether it is paid regularly or not.
    • Tasa bruta de explotación
      Es la proporción que el excedente bruto de explotación representa respecto a la cifra de negocios. Aparece expresado en tanto por cien.
    • Tasa de inversión
      Es la proporción que inversión total (tanto en activos materiales como intangibles) representa respecto al valor añadido a coste de los factores. Aparece expresado en tanto por cien.
    • Wage-earner rate
      Percentage of the number of wage earners, as compared with the number of total employed persons (paid and unpaid) at 30 September. Its complementary aspect measures the degree of autonomous employment in each sector.
    • Added value rate
      This is defined as the percentage represented by the gross added value at factor cost with regard to the production value, and shows the income generation capacity per product or service unit. Nearly all activities in the services sector are characterised by high added-value rates.
    • Total purchases of goods and services
      Purchases of goods and services include the value of all goods and services purchased during the accounting period for resale or consumption in the production process, excluding capital goods the consumption of which is registered as consumption of fixed capital. The goods and services concerned may be either resold with or without further transformation, completely used up in the production process or, finally, be stocked.
      
      Included in these purchases are the materials that enter directly into the goods produced (raw materials, intermediary products, components), plus non-capitalised small tools and equipment. Also included are the value of ancillary materials (lubricants, water, packaging, maintenance and repair materials, office materials) as well as energy products. Included in this
      variable are the purchases of materials made for the production of capital goods by the unit.
      
      Services paid for during the reference period are also included regardless of whether they are industrial or non-industrial. In this figure are payments for all work carried out by third parties on behalf of the unit including current repairs and maintenance, installation work and technical studies. Amounts paid for the installation of capital goods and the value of capitalised goods are excluded.
      
      Also included are payments made for non-industrial services such as legal and accountancy fees, patents and licence fees (where they are not capitalised), insurance premiums, costs of meetings of shareholders and governing bodies, contributions to business and professional associations, postal, telephone, electronic communication, telegraph and fax charges, transport services for goods and personnel, advertising costs, commissions (where they are not included in wages and salaries), rents, bank charges (excluding interest payments) and all other business services provided by third parties. Included are services which are transformed and capitalised by the unit as capitalised production.
      
      Expenditure classified as financial expenditure or as revenue in the form or interests and dividends is excluded from the total purchases of goods and services.
      
      Purchases of goods and services are valued at the purchase price, i.e. the price the purchaser actually pays for the products, including any taxes less subsidies on the products bought excluding however value added type taxes.All other taxes and duties on the products are therefore not deducted from the valuation of the purchases of goods and services. The treatment of taxes on production is not relevant in the valuation of these purchases.
      
      For the statistics on activities defined in Section 3 of Annexes I to IV, of Regulation (EC) No 295/2008 except for the enterprises with an activity classified in NACE Rev.2 Section K, expenditure classified as financial expenditure in company accounts is excluded from the total purchases of goods and services.
      
      For the statistics on activities of NACE Rev.2 groups 65.1 and 65.2, the total purchases of goods and services is defined as the gross value of reinsurance services received plus total of commissions as referred to in Article 64 of Council Directive 91/674 plus any other external expense on goods and services (excluding personnel costs).
      
      For the statistics on activities defined in Section 3 of Annex VI of Regulation (EC) No 295/2008, the total purchases of goods and services is defined as commissions payable plus other administrative expenses plus other operating charges.
    • Trabajos realizados por la empresa para su activo
      Este concepto recoge la contrapartida de los gastos realizados por la empresa para su inmovilizado utilizando sus propios equipos y personal. Puede afectar tanto al inmovilizado material (instalaciones técnicas, equipos para procesos de información, grandes reparaciones o mejoras, etc.), a las inversiones inmobiliarias (terrenos, edificios y construcciones como inversión), como a activos intangibles (aplicaciones informáticas, investigación y desarrollo, producciones audiovisuales, etc)
      
      Este concepto incluye tanto la producción de bienes de equipo o edificaciones, como las grandes reparaciones y mejoras realizadas sobre los ya existentes con el fin de aumentar la vida útil del bien, su capacidad de producción o su rendimiento. También se incluye dentro de esta rúbrica la contrapartida de los gastos que se activan correspondientes a los pagos efectuados a otras empresas en concepto de retribución por los trabajos encargados a las mismas con fines de investigación y desarrollo (gastos de I + D extramuros).
    • Value added at factor cost
      The value added at factor cost is the gross income from operating activities after adjusting for operating subsidies and indirect taxes.
      
      It can be calculated from turnover, plus capitalised production, plus other operating income (including operating subsidies), plus or minus the changes in stocks, minus the purchases of goods and services, minus other taxes on products which are linked to turnover but not deductible, minus the duties and taxes linked to production. The duties and taxes linked to production are compulsory, unrequited payments, in cash or in kind which are levied by general government, or by the Institutions of the European Union, in respect of the production and importation of goods and services, the employment of labour, the ownership or use of land, buildings or other assets used in production irrespective of the quantity or the value of goods and services produced or sold. Alternatively it can be calculated from gross operating surplus by adding personnel costs.
      
      Income and expenditure classified as financial in company accounts according to the 4th Accounting Directive (78/660/EEC) is excluded from value added. Income and expenditure classified as interest income, dividend income, foreign exchange gain from foreign currency borrowings related to interest costs, gains on redemption and extinguishment of debt or finance costs according to Commission Regulation (EC) 1725/2003 are excluded from value added.
      
      Value added at factor costs is calculated "gross" as value adjustments (such as depreciation and impairment losses) are not subtracted.
      
      For the statistics on activities of NACE rev.2 groups 65.1 and 65.2, the value added at factor costs is defined as production value minus gross value of reinsurance services received minus commissions minus other external expenditure on goods and services.
      
      For the statistics on activities defined in Section 3 of Annex VI of Regulation (EC) No 295/2008, the value added at factor costs is defined as production value less total purchases of goods and services.
      
      For the statistics on activities defined in Section 3 of Annex VII of Regulation (EC) No 295/2008, the value added at factor costs is defined as production value less total purchases of goods and services.
      
      For the enterprises of the NACE Rev.2 class 64.11, the value added at factor costs is defined as production value less total purchases of goods and services.
    • Valor añadido a precio de mercado
      El valor añadido a precios de mercado se calcula a partir del valor de la producción menos los gastos de explotación distintos de los destinados a la reventa (consumo de materias primas, productos intermedios y otros aprovisionamientos y gastos en servicios exteriores).
    • Production value
      The production value measures the amount actually produced by the unit, based on sales, including changes in stocks and the resale of goods and services.
      
      The production value is defined as turnover or revenue from sales of goods and rendering of services, plus or minus the changes in stocks of finished products, work in progress and goods and services purchased for resale, minus the purchases of goods and services for resale (only for the goods and services sold during the reporting period and excluding the costs of storage and transport of the goods purchased for resale), plus capitalised production, plus other (operating and extra-ordinary) income (excluding subsidies). Income and expenditure classified as financial or as revenue in the form of interests and dividends in company accounts is excluded from production value. Included in purchases of goods and services for resale are the purchases of services purchased in order to be rendered to third parties in the same condition.
      
      Note : Capitalised production includes the own-account production of all goods that are retained by their producers as investment. The latter includes the production of fixed tangible assets (buildings, etc.) as well as intangible assets (development of software, etc.). Capitalised production is unsold production and is valued at production cost. Note that these capital goods are also to be included in investment.
      
      Note : Other (operating and extra-ordinary) income is a company accounting heading. The contents of this heading may vary between sectors and over time and as such can not be defined precisely for statistical purposes.
      
      For the statistics on activities of NACE Rev.2 groups 65.1 and 65.2, the production value is defined gross premiums earned plus total portfolio investment income plus other services produced minus gross claims incurred, excluding claims management expenses plus capital gains and provisions.
      
      For the statistics on activities defined in Section 3 of Annex VI of Regulation (EC) No 295/2008, the production value is defined as interest receivable and similar income less interest payable and similar charges plus commissions receivable plus income from shares and other variable-yield securities plus net profit or net loss on financial operations plus other operating income.
      
      For the statistics on activities defined in Section 3 of Annex VII of Regulation (EC) No 295/2008, the production value is defined as turnover less insurance premiums payable plus investment income plus other income plus insurance claims receivable less total expenditure on pensions less net change in technical provisions.
      
      For the enterprises of the NACE Rev.2 class 64.11 (central banks) the production value is defined as interest receivable and similar income less interest payable
    • Change in stocks of finished products and work in progress manufactured by the unit
      It refers to the change in the value of the stocks of finished products or in the course of production, which have been produced by the unit and which have not yet been sold, between the first and last days of the reference period.
    • Sales of tangible investment goods
      Sales of tangible goods includes the value of existing tangible capital goods, sold to third parties. Sales of tangible capital goods are valued at the price actually received (excluding VAT), and not at book value, after deducting any costs of ownership transfer incurred by the seller. Value adjustments and disposals other than by sale are excluded
  • 3.5Statistical unit

    La unidad estadística básica de esta operación es la empresa, entendida como la ‘combinación más pequeña de unidades jurídicas que produce bienes o servicios y que disfruta de una cierta autonomía de decisión principalmente a la hora de emplear los recursos de los que dispone. La empresa puede ejercer una o más actividades en uno o varios lugares’ (definición del Reglamento de la Unión Europea 696/93).

    A partir de la EEE de 2018 se aplica un nuevo concepto operativo de ‘Empresa’, que denominaremos en lo sucesivo Empresa Estadística y que se diferencia de ejercicios anteriores en que, a partir de este año, ya no será cierta siempre la analogía Empresa=Unidad Legal. Es decir, algunas Empresas Estadísticas pueden estar compuestas por dos o más Unidades Legales.

    La unidad informante, o mejor dicho, la unidad de la que se obtiene la información básica es la Unidad Legal, ya que al estar perfectamente definida y localizada y disponer de los datos contables y de empleo, se facilita la respuesta y se obtiene información homogénea. Las Unidades Legales pueden ser personas jurídicas (sociedades mercantiles) o personas físicas (empresarios individuales).

    La obtención de la información básica de las Unidades Legales procede ya sea de la recogida directa (mediante la cumplimentación de los cuestionarios) o, cada vez en mayor medida, de la utilización de fuentes administrativas (datos tributarios para variables económicas, y datos de la Seguridad Social para variables relativas al empleo).

    Y así:

    • Bajo el enfoque de Unidad Legal como unidad estadística, la información se obtiene de las Unidades Legales, y la estadística se elabora bajo dichas Unidades Legales.
    • Bajo el enfoque de Empresa Estadística como unidad estadística, la información se obtienen de cada una de las Unidades Legales que componen la Empresa, y la estadística se elabora agrupando (y en los casos necesarios, consolidando) las variables de todas las Unidades Legales que forman la Empresa.

    In addition to using the Empresa Estadística as a basic and central unit, the SBS of the Industrial Sector takes into consideration other units that suplement the information system. These units are the establishment or  industrial local units and the local economic activity unit.

  • 3.6Statistical population

    The target population of the Structural Business Statistics: Industrial Sector is formed of companies, corporations and natural persons whose main activity is described in section s B to E of the National Classification of Economic Activities (CNAE-2009):

    • Section B: Mining and quarrying industries.
    • Section C: Manufacturing industry.
    • Section D: Electricity, gas, steam and air conditioning supply.
    • Section E: Water supply, sanitation activities, waste management and decontamination.
  • 3.7Reference area

    From a geographical point of view, this statistic covers the entire national territory.

    Regarding the publication of results, detailed national results are provided by economic activity, as well as the main results by Autonomous Communities and Cities (5 main variables according to activity groupings).

    Up to reference year 2012, esta operación estadística covered the entire national territory, excluding Ceuta and Melilla. Since 2013 both autonomous cities are also included within the scope of industrial statistics.

  • 3.8Time coverage

    The Structural Business Statistics: Industrial Sector is an annual statistic.

    The data's reference period is, generally, the calendar year. As an exception, las Unidades Legales (que son las unidades informantes) that operate by seasons or campaigns that comprise two separate years and have their data accounted for in this way, their information refers to the season or campaign that ended in the survey's reference year.

    There are results available starting from reference year 1993.

  • 3.9Base period

    Results for this statistic are available from the reference year 1993.

    • Series until 2007: Results based on the Previous National Classification of Economic Activities (CNAE-93)
    • 2008 series onwards: Results based on the current National Classification of Economic Activities (CNAE-2009)

    The implementation of the "Integration Project of the Structural Economic Surveys" throughout the reference years of 2015 and 2016 significó a harmonisation of the dissemination plan for the industry, trade and services sectors, as well as certain methodological improvements. In general, se trató an attempt has been made to maintain the series' continuity and to offer more detailed results. Cuando los cambios implementados causaron cierto impacto sobre algunas variables, la publicación de la estadística incluyó información complementaria para facilitar la comparabilidad temporal.  Ver más detalles en el apartado 15.2.

    Para el ejercicio de referencia 2018 se implementa la nueva aplicación práctica del concepto estadístico de ‘Empresa’. Dicho cambio afecta a los resultados estadísticos de la EEE y su distribución por actividades y tamaños. Para que los usuarios puedan comparar los datos de la EEE bajo el enfoque tradicional (basado en Unidades Legales separadas) y el nuevo enfoque (basado en las Empresas Estadísticas), para el ejercicio de referencia 2018 el INE ha difundido ambas versiones de los resultados estadísticos.

• 4Unit of measure
  • 4.1Unit of measure
    • Economic variables: in thousands of euros at current prices.
    • Hours worked by remunerated staff in thousands of hours.
    • Variables relating to employed staff and number of companies: in units.
    • Productivity and average personnel costs: in euros.
    • Other indicators: percent.
• 5Reference period
  • 5.1Reference period

    The reference period for the data is generally the calendar year. As an exception, for las Unidades Legales (que son las unidades informantes) that operate by seasons or campaigns that comprise two separate years and have their data recorded in this way, their information refers to the season or campaign that ended in the survey's reference year.

    Regarding employed staff, to reduce the statistical burden on respondent Unidades Legales, the SBS questionnaires exclusively request information sobre su personal a 30 de septiembre  of the reference year. Subsequently, for each Unidad legal , the aforementioned information is combined with the administrative registers on affiliation to Social Security to obtain the value of the average number of employed staff per year.

    Data referring to the period: Annual Y: 2018

• 6Institutional mandate
  • 6.1Legal acts and other agreements

    The compilation and dissemination of the data are governed by the Statistical Law No. 12/1989 "Public Statistical Function" of May 9, 1989, and Law No. 4/1990 of June 29 on “National Budget of State for the year 1990" amended by Law No. 13/1996 "Fiscal, administrative and social measures" of December 30, 1996, makes compulsory all statistics included in the National Statistics Plan. The National Statistical Plan 2009-2012 was approved by the Royal Decree 1663/2008. It contains the statistics that must be developed in the four year period by the State General Administration's services or any other entity dependent on it. All statistics included in the National Statistics Plan are statistics for state purposes and are obligatory. The National Statistics Plan 2017-2020, approved by Royal Decree 410/2016, of 31 October, is the Plan currently implemented. This statistical operation has governmental purposes, and it is included in the National Statistics Plan 2017-2020. (Statistics of the State Administration).

    
    

    The Structural Business Statistics: Industrial Sector is included in the category of structural surveys according to Regulation 295/2008 of the European Parliament and of the Council on structural business statistics, specifically in its Annex II.

    https://www.ine.es/normativa/leyes/UE/minine.htm#30048

  • 6.2Data sharing
    The exchanges of information needed to elaborate statistics between the INE and the rest of the State statistical offices (Ministerial Departments, independent bodies and administrative bodies depending on the State General Administration), or between these offices and the Autonomic statistical offices, are regulated in the LFEP (Law of the Public Statistic Function). This law also regulates the mechanisms of statistical coordination, and concludes cooperation agreements between the different offices when necessary.
    

    The Statistics Institute of Catalonia (IDESCAT) collaborates in the translation of the questionnaires.

    To further reduce the statistical burden on respondent Unidades Legales, both the Tax Agency (AEAT) and the General Social Security Treasury (TGSS) collaborate in this operation, providing administrative files whose information, combined with SBS data for each Unidad Legal business, facilitates the reduction of the sample size and the removal of some of the questionnaires' variables.

• 7Confidentiality
  • 7.1Confidentiality - policy
    The Statistical Law No. 12/1989 specifies that the INE cannot publish, or make otherwise available, individual data or statistics that would enable the identification of data for any individual person or entity. Regulation (EC) No 223/2009 on European statistics stipulates the need to establish common principles and guidelines ensuring the confidentiality of data used for the production of European statistics and the access to those confidential data with due account for technical developments and the requirements of users in a democratic society
    
  • 7.2Confidentiality - data treatment
    INE provides information on the protection of confidentiality at all stages of the statistical process: INE questionnaires for the operations in the national statistical plan include a legal clause protecting data under statistical confidentiality. Notices prior to data collection announcing a statistical operation notify respondents that data are subject to statistical confidentiality at all stages. For data processing, INE employees have available the INE data protection handbook, which specifies the steps that should be taken at each stage of processing to ensure reporting units' individual data are protected. The microdata files provided to users are anonymised.
    

    In requests for tailored information the same treatment is also carried out to preserve statistical secrecy.

• 8Release policy
  • 8.1Release calendar
    The advance release calendar that shows the precise release dates for the coming year is disseminated in the last quarter of each year.
    
  • 8.2Release calendar access
    The calendar is disseminated on the INEs Internet website (Publications Calendar)
    
  • 8.3User access
    The data are released simultaneously according to the advance release calendar to all interested parties by issuing the press release. At the same time, the data are posted on the INE's Internet website (www.ine.es/en) almost immediately after the press release is issued. Also some predefined tailor-made requests are sent to registered users. Some users could receive partial information under embargo as it is publicly described in the European Statistics Code of Practice
    
• 9Frequency of dissemination
  • 9.1Frequency of dissemination

    This statistic is released annually.

• 10Accessibility and clarity
  • 10.1News release
    The results of the statistical operations are normally disseminated by using press releases that can be accessed via both the corresponding menu and the Press Releases Section in the web
    
  • 10.2Publications

    The results of the survey are published on the INE website (http://www.ine.en/dyngs/INEbase/en/operacion.htm?c=Estadistica_C&cid=1254736143952&menu=ultiDatos&idp=1254735576715) and some results are included in publications such as the Anuario Estadistico (Statistical Yearbook), Cifras INE (INE Figures), etc.

    The monographic publication, Panoramica de la Industria (Industry Overview) (1993/2007) also offers detailed information and some analysis of the survey results.

    https://www.ine.es/ss/Satellite?L=1&c=INEPublicacion_C&cid=1259925129176&p=1254735110606&pagename=ProductosYServicios%2FPYSLayout&tittema=Industria+y+energ%C3%83%C2%ADa

  • 10.3On-line database

    INEbase is the system the INE uses to store statistical information on the Internet. It contains all the information the INE produces in electronic formats. The primary organisation of the information follows the theme-based classification of the Inventory of Statistical Operations of the State General Administration . The basic unit of INEbase is the statistical operation, defined as the set of activities that lead to obtaining statistical results on a determined sector or subject based on the individually collected data. Also included in the scope of this definition are synthesis preparation.

    
    

    On INEBase, in the Industry, energy and construction section, within Industry and energy, select Structural Business Statistics: Industrial Sector. The Results can be explored in the menu on the left.

    Access the tables and time series in INEbase at the following link:

    https://www.ine.es/dyngs/INEbase/en/operacion.htm?c=Estadistica_C&cid=1254736143952&menu=ultiDatos&idp=1254735576715

    No. of data table queries: AC1=62,230 queries in 2019.

  • 10.4Micro-data access
    A lot of statistical operations disseminate public domain anonymized files, available free of charge for downloading in the INE website Microdata Section
    

    No microdata file is provided for this statistical operation. Microdata files are only provided to other statistical bodies (Statistical Institutes of Autonomous Communities) that also have an obligation to maintain statistical secrecy.

     

  • 10.5Other

    The data that are released annually aim to offer basic, and relevant, information on the survey's main results, which enables different users' requirements for information to be met.

    Results are provided both at a national level, for the different disaggregations by activity, and at the level of Autonomous Communities according to the location of the Premises.

    It is helpful to note that the year-to-year variations obtained from the results of this survey may be due, on some occasions (to a greater or lesser degree), to changes in the structure of the corresponding reference populations (for example, changes in activity in certain companies that consequently mean that they are classified in a different activity sector to the Previous year, etc.), so, not necessarily in all cases, the changes mentioned can be directly associated with a change (increase or decrease), of the same magnitude, in the manufacturing activity of the set of businesses of a certain sector or sub-population.

    Finally, it must be highlighted that the release of this statistic is not exclusively limited to the tables offered here or covered in the publication. Safeguarding the restrictions derived from statistical secrecy or from the fact that the survey is samPre-based, the existing computing procedures allow for tailored requests for aggregated data to be dealt with, which may be provided in the medium or format chosen by the user.

    The request is made through the Information Area:

    https://www.ine.es/ss/Satellite?L=1&c=Page&cid=1254735550786&p=1254735550786&pagename=ProductosYServicios%2FPYSLayout#a1254735626789

    https://www.ine.es/infoine/?L=1

     

  • 10.6Documentation on methodology

    A detailed description can be found at:

    https://www.ine.es/dyngs/INEbase/en/operacion.htm?c=Estadistica_C&cid=1254736143952&menu=metodologia&idp=1254735576715

     

  • 10.7Quality documentation

    Pursuant to Regulations 275/2010 of the Commission and 295/2008 of the European Parliament and Council, the European Commission (Eurostat) assesses the quality of the data provided and publishes reports on the quality of European statistics. To this end, each country provides information on the variation coefficients for the characteristics collected therein and with the level of disaggregation requested, as well as non-response data. The quality report contains both quantitative and qualitative information. Eurostat provides information on the main quantitative indicators, calculated from the data provided by Member States.

    This standardised methodological report contains, in sections 10.6 to 17, the elements of what constitutes the "User-oriented quality report" for this operation.

• 11Quality management
  • 11.1Quality assurance

    Quality assurance framework for the INE statistics is based on the ESSCoP, the European Statistics Code of Practice made by EUROSTAT. The ESSCoP is made up of 16 principles, gathered in three areas: Institutional Environment, Processes and Products. Each principle is associated with some indicators which make possible to measure it. In order to evaluate quality, EUROSTAT provides different tools: the indicators mentioned above, Self-assessment based on the DESAP model, peer review, user satisfaction surveys and other proceedings for evaluation.

    
    

    The process of preparing the statistic has established controls to detect and correct errors with the aim of guaranteeing the statistic's quality.

    The collection of data in Collection Units has programmed for serious and second-tier errors, so data can be filtered as they are entered by the user. Throughout the collection and filtering of data, measures are adopted to reduce non-response.

    Finally, once the data arrives at the Central Services, the data are subjected to additional micro- and macro-filtration controls, as well as comparison against other short-term Industrial Sector surveys and with information from administrative sources, which enable a final product of sufficient quality to be guaranteed.

  • 11.2Quality assessment

    Commission Regulation 275/2010 establishes procedures for the evaluation of the series of data sent by the different Member States for the statistics of Annexes I to IX of SBS Regulation (EC) No 295/2008, according to the quality criteria outlined in article 12, section 1 of Regulation (EC) No 223/2009 of the European Parliament and of the Council, namely: relevance, accuracy, timeliness, punctuality, accessibility, clarity, comparability and coherence.

    The statistic can be considered to be of high quality since a sufficiently representative sample is obtained from the target population on a national level and on the Autonomous Community level for each stratum of activity and company size. Furthermore, the data are subjected to adjustment criteria and year-to-year checks, as well as comparisons with administrative sources and other statistical operations.

• 12Relevance
  • 12.1User needs

    Users of the statistic include: 

    • Various INE statistical operations, such as the National Accounts, Inward FATS, Short-Term Surveys, etc.
    • Ministries and other public agencies.
    • Territorial administrations (Autonomous Communities, City Councils...).
    • Businesses and institutions.
    • Researchers and universities.
    • Individuals and, generally, anyone interested in the structural analysis of the industrial sector.
  • 12.2User satisfaction

    The INE has carried out general user satisfaction surveys in 2007, 2010, 2013 and 2016 and it plans to continue doing so every three years. The purpose of these surveys is to find out what users think about the quality of the information of the INE statistics and the extent to which their needs of information are covered. In addition, additional surveys are carried out in order to acknowledge better other fields such as dissemination of the information, quality of some publications...

    On the INE website, in its section Methods and Projects / Quality and Code of Practice / INE quality management / User surveys are available surveys conducted to date.(Click  next link)

     

    
    

    In these satisfaction surveys, the former Industrial Business Survey (now Structural Business Statistics: Industrial Sector) is part of the "industry, energy and construction sectors".

  • 12.3Completeness

    The statistic complies with the information requirements according to Regulation (EC) No 295/2008 of the European Parliament and of the Council concerning structural business statistics and according to Decision No 1297/2008 of the European Parliament and of the Council on a Programme for the Modernisation of European Enterprise and Trade Statistics (MEETS).

    It appears in the 2017-2020 National Statistics Plan in the section of structural information for the mining and industrial sector and in the EU Statistics Programme: Annual Enterprise Statistics.

    Rate of comPreteness of the data: R1=100%

• 13Accuracy and reliability
  • 13.1Overall accuracy

    The sample design intends to reduce sampling errors and the different survey processes are aimed at eliminating or reducing its errors as much as possible, both in the collection stage (rate of response and filtering control) and in the later stages of editing and imputation.

    The collection process, coverage control, filtering of errors and imputation of a non-response allows a high level of reliability to be obtained for this statistic.

  • 13.2Sampling error

    Sampling errors of the main variables at different levels of disaggregation are calculated.

    The tables published include information detailed by activities on the sampling errors of the main variables.

    Sampling errors for Turnover variable: A1=0.23%

  • 13.3Non-sampling error

    A control of non-sampling errors is carried out throughout the statistical process. Specific information on the non-response rate is also available.

    Over-coverage rate: A2=7.6%

    Non-response rate by unit: A4=11.8%  

    • By size according to number of employees:   Up to 9 : 16.7%     From 10 to 49 : 7.4%     50 or more : 3.6%
• 14Timeliness and punctuality
  • 14.1Timeliness

    Regulation no. 295/2008 on Structural Business Statistics (SBS) requires the availability of results within 18 months of the end of the reference period. This objective is met by publishing the Final results of the statistics in t+18.

    • Final Results.           Opportunity of final results: TP2=17months+24days
  • 14.2Punctuality

    Data is published according to the structural statistics availability calendar that the INE  prepares and publishes for each year.

• 15Coherence and Comparability
  • 15.1Comparability - geographical

    The availability of a common methodology, design and process for collection, filtering, editing and updating throughout the geographical area guarantees the comparability of the results between the different Autonomous Communities.

    On the other hand, the methodological adaptation to the SBS regulation makes it possible to compare it with the rest of the European Union countries that publish the same information for their respective sectors.

  • 15.2Comparability - over time
    In reference year 2008, a logical gap occurred in the series, due to the introduction of the new National Classification of Economic Activities (CNAE-2009).

     

    In reference year 2015, the “Integration Project of the Structural Economic Surveys" started, including the implementation of a reformed common questionnaire for the industry, trade and services sectors, as well as a homogeneous dissemination plan for the three sectors. For the Industrial Sector, the harmonisation with the other two sectors has meant a change of criteria in the publication of the national statistical results which, from this year onwards, are classified according to the company's main activity and not according to the establishment as had been done until then. In order to enable a link with the previous series, together with the results published for this year, a complementary table of the main figures under the previous criterion was provided.

     

    In reference year 2016, the second year of the 'Integration project' various methodological improvements were applied relating to the treatment of companies that cause the target population to rise or fall in the reference year, as well as the imputation of non-response. On the other hand, the estimate of employment variables was improved using administrative sources. All this has had a certain impact on the variables studied that is explained and quantified in the document "Measurement of the effect of methodological changes on the Structural Business Statistics 2016", available alongside the published data. Therefore, the results obtained for 2016 are not strictly comparable to those of other years as the evolution of the variables is due not only to possible real changes produced in that period, but also to the effects of methodological improvements on the estimation of these variables.

    Para el ejercicio de referencia 2018 se implementa la nueva aplicación práctica del concepto estadístico de ‘Empresa’. Dicho cambio afecta a los resultados estadísticos de la EEE y su distribución por actividades y tamaños. Para que los usuarios puedan comparar los datos de la EEE bajo el enfoque tradicional (basado en Unidades Legales separadas) y el nuevo enfoque (basado en las Empresas Estadísticas), para el ejercicio de referencia 2018 el INE ha difundido ambas versiones de los resultados estadísticos

    Longitud de la serie de tiempo comparable bajo enfoque de Unidades Legales:          CC2=3

    Longitud de la serie de tiempo comparable bajo enfoque de Empresas Estadísticas: CC2=1

  • 15.3Coherence - cross domain

    The use of a single national classification of economic activities allows for the possibility to compare information from the survey with other economic statistics such as, for example, short-term Industrial Sector statistics and the Central Business Register (Directorio Central de Empresas DIRCE).

    It is comparable on an international level, it covers the necessary information required by the various users of the statistic and it is a useful instrument for the National Accounts.

    Furthermore, it serves as a framework for the updating of short-term indicators and for studying the transformations undergone in the sector.

  • 15.4Coherence - internal

    Coherence is a fundamental matter both in the planning of the survey's methodology and throughout its Preparation. The coherence between variables is compared at all stages of the statistical process.

• 16Cost and burden
  • 16.1Cost and burden

    INE, aware of the statistical burden borne by Legal Units, attempts to apply certain measures in its surveys to reduce this burden as far as possible and, in any case, to facilitate the comPretion of the information required from the respondents.

    Below are some of the measures adopted in this operation to reduce the statistical burden:

    • Cooperation arrangements are established to take full advantage of the information available and to avoid unnecessary duplicate statistical operations. The sample size and breadth of the questionnaires are reduced to the bare minimum.
    • In the sample selection process, negative coordination methods are applied, i.e. minimum possible overlap (covering the survey objectives) between samples of surveys that coexist in the same period of time.
    • Use of different questionnaire models with different levels of simplification depending on the characteristics of each Legal Unit. Thus, small Legal Units usually fill out a questionnaire with fewer variables and breakdowns. All questionnaire models attempt to reduce the breadth of the questionnaires to the bare minimum.
    • Internet completion is encouraged by electronic questionnaires with questions, flows and validations adapted to the respondent Legal Unit, which facilitates completion and improves the quality of data collected. Online questionnaire designs are designed in such a way that repeated contact with respondents can be avoided or at least reduced.
    • The change made to the questionnaire for the Integration Project has meant a reduction of certain variables, such as some relating to employment, which will be estimated using administrative data from Social Security.

    The estimate of the budgetary appropriation necessary to finance this statistic foreseen in the 2020 Annual Programme is 1,664.89 thousand euros.

• 17Data revision
  • 17.1Data revision - policy

    The INE of Spain has a policy which regulates the basic aspects of statistical data revision, seeking to ensure process transparency and product quality. This policy is laid out in the document approved by the INE board of directors on 13 March of 2015, which is available on the INE website, in the section "Methods and projects/Quality and Code of Practice/INE’s Quality management/INE’s Revision policy" (link).

    This general policy sets the criteria that the different type of revisions should follow:  routine revision- it is the case of statistics whose production process includes regular revisions-; more extensive revision- when methodological or basic reference source changes take place-; and exceptional revision- for instance, when an error appears in a published statistic-.

    
    

    Para los ejercicios de referencia 2016 y 2017 se publicaron resultados estadísticos Avance y Definitivos.

    Para el ejercicio de referencia 2018, debido al cambio implementado derivado de la Empresa Estadística, se publican solo los resultados Definitivos.

  • 17.2Data revision - practice

    Una vez publicados los Resultados Definitivos, éstos ya no están sujetos a revisión

• 18Statistical processing
  • 18.1Source data

    SAMPLING FRAMEWORK

    El marco muestral se obtiene a partir del Directorio Central de Empresas (DIRCE), el cual se actualiza una vez al año con fuentes administrativas, principalmente tributarias y de la Seguridad Social, y con información procedente de las operaciones estadísticas del INE.

    El DIRCE es un sistema integrado de información en varios niveles donde se destaca, de menor a mayor: establecimiento, Unidad Legal, Empresa Estadística  y grupo empresarial. Para cada uno de estos niveles, DIRCE contiene información sobre la actividad económica principal, el número de asalariados y la cifra de negocios, variables que se usan en el diseño muestral, y sobre datos de identificación y localización, necesarios para una correcta recogida de la información.

    Desde el año de referencia 2018, el DIRCE incluye el nuevo nivel de la Empresa Estadística, que es igual a la Unidad Legal en el caso de Unidades Legales independientes o a un conjunto de Unidades Legales de un grupo empresarial, o al grupo empresarial completo (según lo determine la metodología de Profiling) para las Unidades Legales que formen parte de un grupo empresarial.

    SAMPLE DESIGN AND STRATIFICATION

    Se distingue entre el diseño muestral basado en la muestra de Unidades Legales (ULE) y el de la muestra de Empresas Estadísticas (EE). El primero es el que se ha realizado habitualmente y el tipo de muestreo es aleatorio estratificado. En cada estrato se obtiene una muestra aleatoria, a excepción del formado por las ULEs de 50 o más asalariados, en las que todas entran a formar parte de la muestra. También se incluyen de forma exhaustiva en la muestra otras unidades relevantes. El tamaño muestral se calcula aplicando afijación óptima y los estimadores son los de expansión simple, ajustados por altas, bajas y cambios de estrato.

    Para la muestra de Empresas Estadísticas (EE) se usa un muestreo indirecto, en el sentido de que se llega a dar resultados por EE a partir de la muestra de ULEs. Se basa en la metodología expuesta por Lavallée y Labelle-Blanchet en su artículo: “Indirect Sampling applied to Skewed Population”, Survey Methodology, Junio 2013, Vol 39, Statistics Canada.

    Los detalles sobre diseño muestral, determinación de unidades exhaustivas, estratificación, selección de la muestra, estimadores y cálculo de errores de muestreo pueden consultarse en el documento "Estadística Estructural de Empresas. Metodología"  disponible en la web del INE junto a los resultados estadísticos de la operación.

    https://www.ine.es/metodologia/t37/metodologia_eee2018.pdf

  • 18.2Frequency of data collection

    La información básica se obtiene anualmente de cada Unidad Legal, y procede de dos fuentes:

    • Los cuestionarios remitidos a las Unidades Legales de la muestra seleccionada.
    • La información administrativa, de origen tributario para las variables económicas y de la Seguridad Social para las variables sobre empleo, disponible para todas las Unidades Legales de cada una de las Empresas Estadísticas de la muestra. 

    Para cada año de referencia t, la recogida de cuestionarios y obtención de otras informaciones procedentes de fuentes administrativas se organiza de la siguiente forma:

    • Recogida directa mediante cuestionarios dirigidos a las Unidades Legales muestrales (recogida en campo, bajo sistema IRIA).

    • Primera Oleada, formada por una muestra principal. Tiene lugar de abril a septiembre de año t+1.
    • Segunda Oleada, que se compone de una muestra complementaria cuya recogida se realiza desde octubre a diciembre de año t+1.

    • Solicitud y obtención de Fichero de Afiliados de la Seguridad Social para la carga de variables de Empleo a nivel de microdato. (primer trimestre de año t+1)
    • Solicitud y obtención de ficheros procedentes de la AEAT y de otras administraciones tributarias. (segundo y tercer trimestre de año t+1)
  • 18.3Data collection

    Completion of the questionnaire over the internet is promoted as much as possible and over 80% of the total questionnaires collected were completed this way. In any case, respondents have other response channels available to them (fax, postal mail or telephone).

    The collection units are also responsible for responding to telephone lines to resolve respondents' doubts, and for the recording and filtering of questionnaires. Errors and anomalous data are subject to revision, establishing, if necessary, new telephone contact with respondents.

  • 18.4Data validation

    Validación de datos de las Unidades Legales muestrales

    During the questionnaire collection phase, a first filtering and coding process is carried out. Both the electronic questionnaires that the respondents fill out on the Internet, as well the application for the management, recording and filtering of the collection used by the INE collection units, have systems programmed for the detection of errors to validate the data as they are entered by the user. It distinguishes between serious type errors (which must be necessarily corrected) and anomalies of a second level (which, after confirmation, must be justified). In addition, during data collection and filtering, measures are also taken to reduce non-response.

    The records made by Collection Units form and supply, at least fortnightly, the complete record files on which the subsequent phases of the joint information processing are carried out. These files are processed in the Central Services where information coverage is controlled to guarantee completeness of the recorded data, detect duplicates and coverage errors and at the same time carry out an initial assessment of the quality of the variables collected.

  • 18.5Data compilation

    Se distingue entre el tratamiento empleado para las Unidades Legales y el tratamiento adicional implementado en 2018 para las Empresas Estadísticas.

    A. Compilación de la información de las Unidades Legales muestrales

    As the collection progresses and the complete recording files are formed, the data is subjected to additional micro-filtration controls at Central Services focused, selectively, on the detection and filtering of errors and inconsistencies in the variables of each record, as well as the filtering and imputation of content errors. Depending on the characteristics of each type of error, automatic imputation procedures are used in certain cases. Likewise, systematic errors detected in Previously studies and analyses on recorded data are corrected.

    Since reference year 2016 various methodological improvements have been applied to the Structural Business Statistics, included in the ‘Integration Project of the Structural Economic Surveys’. The aforementioned improvements are related to the treatment of Unidades Legales that cause the target population to rise or fall in the reference year, as well as the imputation of non-response. On the other hand, the estimation of employment variables has been improved by using administrative sources.

    • The non-response (UnidadesLegles considered to be active for which it was not possible to get a duly completed questionnaire) is subject to automatic imputation, which allows it to be borne in mind as an effective sample. This implies a relevant methodological change with respect to that which was being done until 2015: only very relevant Unidades Legales with non-response were imputed; the rest were not considered an effective sample and therefore contributed to increasing the scale of the elevation factors, as they were Unidades Legales that were collected in the stratum that represented them.

    Through internal methodological studies, it was concluded that re-weighting non-response led to a certain overestimation of monetary variables, given that a relevant part of non-response is only active during part of the reference year. For this reason, it was decided to replace this re-weighting with the application of different imputation techniques, based on administrative data. The minimum aim of these imputations was that both the turnover and the number of employees correspond to the Unidades Legales's own value and during the year in question. The rest of the variables are imputed, using highly correlated administrative information, conditional on the two variables, which guarantees the global coherence of the imputed records.

    • With regards to the employment variables, their estimation has been improved for each Unidad Legal by combining the information collected in the questionnaires with data from administrative sources. More details can be found in the document "Structural Business Statistics. Industrial Sector, Trade Sector, Services Sector Methodology"  disponible en la web del INE junto a los resultados estadísticos.

    For the effective sample (which from 2016 includes the non-response, as explained above), the elevation factors para Unidades Legales are calculated to determine the estimates of the different variables. The last stage, before the tabulation and release of the results, is obtaining analysis tables through macro-filtration techniques to eliminate the errors and inconsistencies detected. The data are also subjected to comparisons with other statistics (e.g., other short-term INE surveys on the sectors studied) and with information from administrative sources, in order to guarantee a final product of sufficient quality.

     

    B. Compilación de la información de las Empresas Estadísticas

    Para la elaboración de la EEE bajo el enfoque de ‘Empresa Estadística’ se ha desarrollado un método que se basa en los siguientes pasos, cada uno de los cuales queda descrito más detalladamente en el documento Metodología de la EEE disponible en la web del INE junto a los resultados estadísticos de la operación.

    1. Delineación de las Empresas Estadísticas que operan en grupos empresariales mediante la llamada metodología Profiling y tipificación de las Unidades Legales que las componen (véanse detalles en el apartado 2.3  de la Metodología de la EEE)
    2. Adecuación del diseño muestral y de la fase de recogida de la información (véanse detalles en los  apartados 4 y 6 de la Metodología de la EEE).
    3. Agregación de las Unidades Legales que componen cada Empresa Estadística muestral y estudio de las combinaciones de tipologías de dichas Unidades Legales (véanse detalles en el apartado 7.3.1 de la Metodología de la EEE).
    4. Consolidación para las Empresas Estadísticas muestrales formadas por más de una Unidad Legal y que contienen relaciones entre ellas. Para estas empresas, se identifican los flujos entre sus Unidades Legales para proceder a la cancelación de transacciones intra-empresa (véanse detalles en el apartado 7.3.2 de la Metodología de la EEE).
    5. Construcción de la estadística completa, basada en Empresas Estadísticas, ya sean Unidades Legales independientes o Empresas de grupos empresariales (véanse detalles en el apartado 7.3.3 de la Metodología de la EEE). 

    La idea esencial consiste en que si las Unidades Legales de una Empresa Estadística sirven, exclusiva o principalmente, a  otras Unidades Legales de la misma Empresa (por ejemplo porque venden productos bajo una integración vertical del proceso productivo o prestan servicios como una relación de auxiliaridad), dichas Unidades Legales serviles han de combinarse con las otras a las que secundan para formar la auténtica unidad estadística "Empresa", debiendo por ello combinar y consolidar las variables que correspondan.

     

  • 18.6Adjustment

    Not applicable as seasonal adjustment is not necessary.

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