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Spanish Tourism Satellite Account. Base 2008

Minimise complete Methodological Report

- 1.1. Contact organisation
  - National Statistics Institute of Spain
- 1.5. Contact mail address
  - Paseo de la Castellana 183 - 28046 Madrid
- 2.1. Metadata last certified
  - 01/04/2014
- 2.2. Metadata last posted
  - 27/12/2013
- 2.3. Metadata last update
  - 01/04/2014
- 3.1. Data description
  - The Tourism Satellite Account of Spain Base 2008 (TSAS) is a synthesis statistical operation that presents the different economic parameters of tourism in Spain for a given reference date. It includes three types of elements:
    - Supply accounts and tables, in which the production structure and costs of tourism companies are characterised.
    - Demand tables in which the different types of tourists (domestic vs foreign tourism) and the types of goods and services required, among other things, are characterised from an economic perspective.
    - Tables that interrelate supply and demand, which facilitate obtaining integrated measurements of the contribution of tourism to the economy, via macro variables such as GDP, production or employment
    .To obtain a systematic, comparable and complete representation of the tourist activity, which is adjusted as far as possible to the concepts, definitions and classifications that appear in the TSA handbook compiled by the World Tourism Organization.
    It studies all the variables related to the generation and distribution of tourism added value, employment, gross formation of fixed capital and tourism expenditure. It does so by using the different classification variables included in the TSA handbook plus those whose presentation is considered necessary for the description of tourism in Spain.
- 3.2. Classification system
  - - Clasificaciones utilizadas
      - National Classification of Economic Activities CNAE 2009
        Classification of Products by Activity (CPA 2008)
        Classification of assets according to the European System of Accounts:
        http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=CONSLEG:1996R2223:20071230:EN:PDF
        Classification of the categories of tourism expenditure according to International Recommendations for Tourism Statistics 2008:
        http://unstats.un.org/unsd/publication/Seriesf/SeriesF_80rev1s.pdf
- 3.3. Sector coverage
  - The expenditure considered is the one incurred by resident tourists within and outside of Spain, as well as non-resident tourists in Spain.
    From the business perspective, the industries related to tourism are considered.
- 3.4. Statistical concepts and definitions
  - - Domestic tourism
      - This encompasses internal tourism and outbound tourism; those activities carried out by visitors resident inside and outside of the reference country, as part of their internal or outbound tourism trips.
    - Domestic tourism
      - This encompasses internal tourism and inbound tourism; those activities carried out by visitors resident and not resident in the reference country, as part of their internal or international tourism trips.
    - Domestic tourist consumption
      - The tourist consumption of the visitors resident and not resident in the reference economy. This is the sum of the internal tourist consumption and the inbound tourist consumption.
    - Inbound tourism
      - Those activities carried out by a visitor not resident in the reference country, as part of an inbound tourism trip.
    - Inbound tourist consumption
      - the tourist consumption of a visitor that is a non-resident in the reference economy.
    - Internal tourism
      - Those activities carried out by a visitor resident in the reference country, as part of an internal or outbound tourism trip.
    - Internal tourist consumption
      - The tourist consumption of a visitor resident in the reference economy.
    - National tourist consumption
      - The tourist consumption of the visitors resident in and outside of the reference economy. This is the sum of the internal tourist consumption and the outbound tourist consumption.
    - Outbound tourism
      - Those activities carried out by a visitor resident outside of the reference country, as part of an outbound tourism trip or a domestic tourism trip.
    - Outbound tourist consumption
      - The tourist consumption of a visitor resident outside of the reference economy.
    - Tourism
      - This refers to the trips that a traveller makes to a place other than her/his regular environment, for a period lasting less than one year, with any main purpose that is not being employed by an entity resident in the place visited.
- 3.5. Statistical unit
  - Two basic statistical units are considered:
    - the resident and non-resident tourist who travels to the national territory.
    - the company whose main activity is delimited within tourism industries(catering, accommodation, passenger transport, cultural and recreational activities....).
- 3.6. Statistical population
  - The Tourism Satellite Account combines data taken from several different statistical sources. The concept of statistical population cannot be strictly applied to the context of this account.
- 3.7. Reference area
  - The geographical scope is the entire national territory.
- 3.8. Time coverage
  - Time coverage is the natural year
- 3.9. Base period
  - Year 2008
- 4.1. Unit of measure
- 5.1. Reference period
  - Annual series 2008-2011
    Data referred to the period: Anual A: 2012
- 6.1. Legal acts and other agreements
  - The compilation and dissemination of the data are governed by the Statistical Law No. 12/1989 "Public Statistical Function" of May 9, 1989, and Law No. 4/1990 of June 29 on National Budget of State for the year 1990" amended by Law No. 13/1996 "Fiscal, administrative and social measures" of December 30, 1996, makes compulsory all statistics included in the National Statistics Plan. The National Statistical Plan 2009-2012 was approved by the Royal Decree 1663/2008. It contains the statistics that must be developed in the four year period by the State General Administration's services or any other entity dependent on it. All statistics included in the National Statistics Plan are statistics for state purposes and are obligatory. The National Statistics Plan 2013-2016, approved by Royal Decree 1658/2012, of 7 December, is the Plan currently implemented. This statistical operation has governmental purposes, and it is included in the National Statistics Plan 2013-2016. (Statistics of the State Administration).
- 6.2. Data sharing
  - The exchanges of information needed to elaborate statistics between the INE and the rest of the State statistical offices (Ministerial Departments, independent bodies and administrative bodies depending on the State General Administration), or between these offices and the Autonomic statistical offices, are regulated in the LFEP (Law of the Public Statistic Function). This law also regulates the mechanisms of statistical coordination, and concludes cooperation agreements between the different offices when necessary.
    Data is not distributed to other institutions.
- 7.1. Confidentiality - policy
  - The Statistical Law No. 12/1989 specifies that the INE cannot publish, or make otherwise available, individual data or statistics that would enable the identification of data for any individual person or entity. Regulation (EC) No 223/2009 on European statistics stipulates the need to establish common principles and guidelines ensuring the confidentiality of data used for the production of European statistics and the access to those confidential data with due account for technical developments and the requirements of users in a democratic society
- 7.2. Confidentiality - data treatment
  - INE provides information on the protection of confidentiality at all stages of the statistical process: INE questionnaires for the operations in the national statistical plan include a legal clause protecting data under statistical confidentiality. Notices prior to data collection announcing a statistical operation notify respondents that data are subject to statistical confidentiality at all stages. For data processing, INE employees have available the INE data protection handbook, which specifies the steps that should be taken at each stage of processing to ensure reporting units' individual data are protected. The microdata files provided to users are anonymised.
    The Tourism Satellite Account is a statistical operation included in the National Statistical Plan. It is therefore subject to the Law on the Public Statistical Function, of 9 May 1989, and its data is protected by Statistical Secrecy in all the stages of its compilation.
- 8.1. Release calendar
  - The advance release calendar that shows the precise release dates for the coming year is disseminated in the last quarter of each year.
- 8.2. Release calendar access
  - The calendar is disseminated on the INEs Internet website (Publications Calendar)
- 8.3. User access
  - The data are released simultaneously according to the advance release calendar to all interested parties by issuing the press release. At the same time, the data are posted on the INE's Internet website (www.ine.es/en) almost immediately after the press release is issued. Also some predefined tailor-made requests are sent to registered users. Some users could receive partial information under embargo as it is publicly described in the European Statistics Code of Practice
- 9.1. Frequency of dissemination
  - Data is disseminated annually.
- 10.1. News release
  - The results of the statistical operations are normally disseminated by using press releases that can be accessed via both the corresponding menu and the Press Releases Section in the web
- 10.2. Publications
  - Users of the Tourism Satellite Account may access the data of base 2008 via the INE website. Specifically, the following links appear:
    · Press release: it includes a summary of the different economic parameters of tourism in Spain.
    · General tables : they include the contribution of tourism to the GDP of the Spanish economy and the balances of tourism flows corresponding to the accounting series.
    · Detailed Results : they include the tables that present tourism demand, tourism supply and the contrast between supply and demand, as well as the information about the main indicators of companies related to the tourism industry.
    The INE website, also offers information regarding other TSAS bases (base 2000 and 1995).
- 10.3. On-line database
  - INEbase is the system the INE uses to store statistical information on the Internet. It contains all the information the INE produces in electronic formats. The primary organisation of the information follows the theme-based classification of the Inventory of Statistical Operations of the State General Administration . The basic unit of INEbase is the statistical operation, defined as the set of activities that lead to obtaining statistical results on a determined sector or topic using data collected individually
    Information regarding the TSAS base 2008 may be obtained in the following link:
    
    https://www.ine.es/jaxi/menu.do?type=pcaxis&path=%2Ft35%2Fp011&file=inebase&L=1
- 10.4. Micro-data access
  - A lot of statistical operations disseminate public domain anonymized files, available free of charge for downloading in the INE website Microdata Section
    Given its characteristics, the TSAS does not provide a microdata file.
- 10.5. Other
  - Every certain time, Eurostat publishes a collection of European Country TSAs.
    The last one was published in 2013 with the name "Tourism Satellite Accounts in Europe, 2013 edition", available in:
    http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/cache/ITY_OFFPUB/KS-TC-13-006/EN/KS-TC-13-006-EN.PDF
- 10.6. Documentation on methodology
  - For the compilation of the TSAS, the following methodological document is available:
    Tourism Satellite Account: Recommendations on the conceptual framework, 2008
    Compiled by United Nations, WTO, OECD and Eurostat. Available in the following link:
    http://unstats.un.org/unsd/publication/Seriesf/SeriesF_80rev1e.pdf
- 10.7. Quality documentation
  - Fields 11 to 19 of this text make up the user-friendly quality report for this operation.
- 11.1. Quality assurance
  - Quality assurance framework for the INE statistics is based on the ESSCoP, the European Statistics Code of Practice made by EUROSTAT. The ESSCoP is made up of 15 principles, gathered in three areas: Institutional Environment, Processes and Products. Each principle is associated with some indicators which make possible to measure it. In order to evaluate quality, EUROSTAT provides different tools: the indicators mentioned above, Self-assessment based on the DESAP model, peer review, user satisfaction surveys and other proceedings for evaluation.
    In order to compile good-quality information in the TSAS, internationally accepted procedures are used, it is checked that no errors are inserted in the treatment, comparisons and contrast will be made with other existing information and coherence is guaranteed with the Input-Output framework of the National Accounts.
- 11.2. Quality assessment
  - The overall quality of the TSAS is guaranteed through the use of internationally accepted models, the use of data and statistics previously subjected to quality controls, analysis of the evolution over time of the data up to present day and the coherence with the Input-Output framework of the National Accounts.
    Next year the National Accounts are expected to be adapted to the new European Accounts System 2010, and the Tourism Satellite Account in Spain is expected to be adapted to the methodological note revised by United Nations, which will influence positively on the quality of the TSAS.
- 12.1. User needs
  - • Ministries and other public institutions.
    • Institute of Tourism Studies.• Companies and institutions.• Researchers and universities.Individuals.
- 12.2. User satisfaction
  - The INE has carried out general user satisfaction surveys in 2007, 2010 and 2013, and it plans to continue doing so every three years. The purpose of these surveys is to find out what users think about the quality of the information of the INE statistics and the extent to which their needs of information are covered. In addition, additional surveys are carried out in order to acknowledge better other fields such as dissemination of the information, quality of some publications...
    
    On the INE website, in its section Methods and Projects / Quality and Code of Practice / INE quality management / User surveys are available surveys conducted to date.(Click next link)
    
    In the structured query carried out by INE in 2010, the valuation of the Tourism sector, in which this operation is encompassed, was 3.56 over 5.
- 12.3. Completeness
  - The TSAS meets the information requirements of the National Statistics Plan and provides 100% of the requested results.
- 13.1. Overall accuracy
  - Synthesis statistics are obtained from several statistical sources, which at the same time are usually affected by several errors. Direct measure of accuracy is not possible. The main strength is the existence of an expert team with great knowledge of these sources, their problems and their interrelation as well as the fact that adjusting to regulations and the methodology work thoroughly so as to obtain a reliable item of data.
- 13.2. Sampling error
  - This is a synthesis statistical operation and not a survey, therefore the sampling error concept is not applicable.
    However, it is affected indirectly by these errors since among its sources of information there are surveys. Nevertheless, the producers of these sources have worked to reduce these errors as much as possible.
- 13.3. Non-sampling error
  - Non-sampling errors of the TSAS come from its nature of being a synthesis statistical operation. Coherence with the Input-Output framework and balance between supply and demand limit this type of errors.
    The main tool to analyse accuracy is the analysis of the revision. Revisions show the degree of proximity between subsequent estimators of the same value, and it is reasonable to suppose that the estimators converge to the true value when they are based on better and more reliable data.
- 14.1. Timeliness
  - The period of time elapsed between the researched phenomenon and data availability is one year.
- 14.2. Punctuality
  - The publication is disseminated on the date indicated in the publication calendar.
- 15.1. Comparability - geographical
  - The TSAS methodology are international recommendations, that are not applied systematically by all EU member states, which complicates the comparability of data.
    Because it is a national statistical operation, there is no data by Autonomous Communities to be compared.
- 15.2. Comparability - over time
  - The basic methodology for the compilation of TSAS has varied with the 3 base changes carried out on National Accounts: base change 1995, base change 2000 and the base change that has taken place in November 2011, with reference year 2008.
    In the base with reference year 2008, the variable "Contribution of tourism to the GDP of Spanish economy" is comparable in series 2008-2012, in other words, the number of comparable elements in this temporary series is 5.
- 15.3. Coherence - cross domain
  - The Tourism Satellite Account in Spain is integrated in the National Accounts framework, therefore it is coherent with the accounts and tables published by the National Accounts.
- 15.4. Coherence - internal
  - TSAS results are coherent among each other and, as aforementioned, are integrated in the National Accounts framework, with whose results TSAS is also coherent.
- 16.1. Cost and burden
  - The estimate of the necessary budget appropriation included in the Annual Programme 2013, so as to finance this statistical operation is 64.35 thousand euros.
    There is no workload on the informants, since the Tourism Satellite Account is complied by using the information provided by other statistical sources.
- 17.1. Data revision - policy
  - The data of series T-4, T-3, T-2, T-1 are disseminated in year T. T-2 and T-1 data are temporary and revisable in the following publications, the rest are final.
    If applicable, revisions carried out in annual National Accounts are also incorporated in TSA.
- 17.2. Data revision - practice
  - Generally speaking, in practice, the way to proceed is the following:
    The data of series T-4, T-3, T-2, T-1 are disseminated in year T. T-2 and T-1 data are temporary and revisable in the following publications, the rest are final.
    If applicable, revisions carried out in annual National Accounts are also incorporated in TSA.
- 18.1. Source data
  - The data obtained for the TSAS are not based on a direct survey, the following different sources are used:
    - Familitur (IET), to obtain an estimate of the number of trips and overnight stays in Spain and abroad.
    - Egatur (IET) to obtain, an estimate of the expenditure on different tourism services.
    - Frontur (IET) to obtain an estimate of the total amount of tourists by accomodation type.
    - Tourist occupancy surveys (INE)
    - Annual Services Survey (INE)
    - Services Sector Activity Indices (INE)
    - Passenger Transport Statistics (Ministry of Public Works, INE)
    - Spanish National Accounts
- 18.2. Frequency of data collection
  - Annual frequency
- 18.3. Data collection
  - Data collection techniques may vary depending on the type of source, the availability date of the data, etc.
    Specifically the Familitur, Egatur, Frontur statistics are available annually for year t-1 whereas the Supply and Use table of the National Accounts are available for t-4.
- 18.4. Data validation
  - Data quality is monitored by checking its temporary evolution and its adjustment to the terms of the National Accounts and TSAS. Similarly, coherence with the Input-Output framework of the National Accounts and the balance between supply and demand are two conditions that guarantee data quality.
- 18.5. Data compilation
  - After the source data is obtained, the tables that make up TSAS are compiled, ensuring coherence between supply and demand.
- 18.6. Adjustment
  - Not carried out
- 19.1. Comment
  - While the compilation of TSAS is compulsory as it is part of the statistics included in the National Statistical Plan, the methodology to be followed is not compulsory, there being some recommendations included in the aforementioned document "Tourism Satellite Accounts: Recommendations on the conceptual framework", compiled by United Nations, WTO, OECD and Eurostat. Available on the following link:
    http://unstats.un.org/unsd/publication/Seriesf/SeriesF_80rev1e.pdf