Exposure

Trade exposure offers a key perspective on the degree of integration of the Spanish economy into global value chains and its vulnerability to changes in international demand. These indicators quantify the different channels through which Spanish exports reach the final consumer, either directly or after passing through multiple production stages and intermediary countries. Their analysis helps to understand the complexity of international economic relationships and to assess how changes in demand in one country can be transmitted through global supply chains. It also helps identify the markets and sectors most exposed to international economic activity and analyse the risks and opportunities arising from such integration.