- Methods and Projects
- Standards and Classifications
Standardised Methodological Report
Vital Statistics: Deaths Statistics
- 1Contact
- 1.1Contact organisation
National Statistics Institute of Spain
- 1.5Contact mail address
Avenida de Manoteras 50-52 - 28050 Madrid
- 1.1Contact organisation
- 2Metadata update
- 2.1Metadata last certified
13/11/2023
- 2.2Metadata last posted
16/11/2022
- 2.3Metadata last update
13/11/2023
- 2.1Metadata last certified
- 3Statistical presentation
- 3.1Data description
The death statistics include the deaths occurring in Spain each year. Death is considered the death of any person who dies regardless of the number of hours lived.
The data are collected in a document called a medical death certificate/statistical death bulletin. This document is completed by the doctor who certifies the death, in the section relating to personal data and causes of death. The civil registry in which the death is registered completes the data relating to the registration and the declarant or relatives the data relating to the residence or nationality of the deceased. In the case of deaths that occur in special circumstances and in which a court intervenes.
The death statistics provide information broken down at the national level as well as at the level of Autonomous Community, provinces, capitals and municipalities. It includes information on the deceased with less than twenty-four hours of life.
- 3.2Classification system
- Comunidades y Ciudades Autónomas
01 Andalucía
02 Aragón
03 Asturias, Principado de
04 Balears, Illes
05 Canarias
06 Cantabria
07 Castilla y León
08 Castilla - La Mancha
09 Cataluña
10 Comunitat Valenciana
11 Extremadura
12 Galicia
13 Madrid, Comunidad de
14 Murcia, Región de
15 Navarra, Comunidad Foral de
16 País Vasco
17 Rioja, La
18 Ceuta
19 Melilla - Edad
Y0 Menos de 1 año
Y1 1 año
Y2 2 años
Y3 3 años
Y4 4 años
Y5 5 años
Y6 6 años
Y7 7 años
Y8 8 años
Y9 9 años
Y10 10 años
Y11 11 años
Y12 12 años
Y13 13 años
Y14 14 años
Y15 15 años
Y16 16 años
Y17 17 años
Y18 18 años
Y19 19 años
Y20 20 años
Y21 21 años
Y22 22 años
Y23 23 años
Y24 24 años
Y25 25 años
Y26 26 años
Y27 27 años
Y28 28 años
Y29 29 años
Y30 30 años
Y31 31 años
Y32 32 años
Y33 33 años
Y34 34 años
Y35 35 años
Y36 36 años
Y37 37 años
Y38 38 años
Y39 39 años
Y40 40 años
Y41 41 años
Y42 42 años
Y43 43 años
Y44 44 años
Y45 45 años
Y46 46 años
Y47 47 años
Y48 48 años
Y49 49 años
Y50 50 años
Y51 51 años
Y52 52 años
Y53 53 años
Y54 54 años
Y55 55 años
Y56 56 años
Y57 57 años
Y58 58 años
Y59 59 años
Y60 60 años
Y61 61 años
Y62 62 años
Y63 63 años
Y64 64 años
Y65 65 años
Y66 66 años
Y67 67 años
Y68 68 años
Y69 69 años
Y70 70 años
Y71 71 años
Y72 72 años
Y73 73 años
Y74 74 años
Y75 75 años
Y76 76 años
Y77 77 años
Y78 78 años
Y79 79 años
Y80 80 años
Y81 81 años
Y82 82 años
Y83 83 años
Y84 84 años
Y85 85 años
Y86 86 años
Y87 87 años
Y88 88 años
Y89 89 años
Y90 90 años
Y91 91 años
Y92 92 años
Y93 93 años
Y94 94 años
Y95 95 años
Y96 96 años
Y97 97 años
Y98 98 años
Y99 99 años
Y-GE100 100 y más años - Estado civil 2
1 Solteros/Solteras
2 Casados/Casadas
3 Viudos/Viudas
4-5 Separados/Separadas y Divorciados/Divorciadas - Grupos de edad 17
D0 Menos de 24 horas
D1 1 día
D2 2 días
D3 3 días
D4 4 días
D5 5 días
D6 6 días
D7T13 De 7 a 13 días
D14T20 De 14 a 20 días
D21T27 De 21 a 27 días
D28TM-LT2 De 28 días a menos de 2 meses
M2 2 meses
M3 3 meses
M4 4 meses
M5 5 meses
M6 6 meses
M7 7 meses
M8 8 meses
M9 9 meses
M10 10 meses
M11 11 meses - Meses
01 Enero
02 Febrero
03 Marzo
04 Abril
05 Mayo
06 Junio
07 Julio
08 Agosto
09 Septiembre
10 Octubre
11 Noviembre
12 Diciembre - Municipios
Relación de municipios y sus códigos acorde al estándar del INE
Ver clasificación - Provincias
02 Albacete
03 Alicante/Alacant
04 Almería
01 Araba/Álava
33 Asturias
05 Ávila
06 Badajoz
07 Balears, Illes
08 Barcelona
48 Bizkaia
09 Burgos
10 Cáceres
11 Cádiz
39 Cantabria
12 Castellón/Castelló
13 Ciudad Real
14 Córdoba
15 Coruña, A
16 Cuenca
20 Gipuzkoa
17 Girona
18 Granada
19 Guadalajara
21 Huelva
22 Huesca
23 Jaén
24 León
25 Lleida
27 Lugo
28 Madrid
29 Málaga
30 Murcia
31 Navarra
32 Ourense
34 Palencia
35 Palmas, Las
36 Pontevedra
26 Rioja, La
37 Salamanca
38 Santa Cruz de Tenerife
40 Segovia
41 Sevilla
42 Soria
43 Tarragona
44 Teruel
45 Toledo
46 Valencia/València
47 Valladolid
49 Zamora
50 Zaragoza
51 Ceuta
52 Melilla - Sexo
1 Hombres
2 Mujeres - Valores especiales
U Desconocido, no sabe, sin datos
X No consta, no asignado, no especificado
P No procede
Z No clasificable, no aplicable
- Comunidades y Ciudades Autónomas
- 3.3Sector coverage
It collects all deaths occurring in Spain, regardless of whether they are of resident or non-resident population
- 3.4Statistical concepts and definitions
- Age
Age in years refers to the number of birthdays reached by the reference date, in other words, the age last birthday.
- Death
The statistical concept death used traditionally in Spain comprised the deaths of all persons that had lived for more than 24 hours. As of 1975, this concept has been broadened to include live births that die during the first 24 hours.
- Legal marital status
Legal marital status is defined as that which every individual has in accordance with marriage legislation (or marriage uses) of the country (in other words, the legal situation).
- Sex
Sex refers to the biological sex of the person. According to the WHO, "sex" refers to biological and physiological features defining to men and women, whereas "gender" refers to the roles, behaviour, activities and attributes constructed socially that a specific culture regards as appropriate for men and women. In accordance with this description, the WHO regards "man" and "woman" as sex categories, whereas "male" and "female" are gender categories.
- Usual residence
Place where a person normally spends rest periods, not taking into account temporary absences due to leisure trips, holidays, visits to family and friends, business, visiting friends or relatives or religious pilgrimages. Nevertheless, it is important to highlight that only usual residents in a region will be considered:
- Those who, according to the previous definition, would usually have lived therein for a continuous period of at least 12 months.
- Those who, according to the previous definition, would have established their usual residence therein less than 12 months ago, but with the intention of remaining therein for at least one year.
Where the above circumstances cannot be established, "usual residence" shall mean the place of registered residence.
- Age
- 3.5Statistical unit
The basic unit of the statistics is the deceased person
- 3.6Statistical population
The target population of the statistics is all the people who die in Spain
- 3.7Reference area
The statistics cover the entire national territory, with data broken down by Autonomous Community, provinces, capitals and municipalities.
- 3.8Time coverage
The statistics are carried out on an annual basis. Results are available from 1900 to 2022.
- 3.9Base period
Year 1975
- 3.1Data description
- 4Unit of measure
- 4.1Unit of measure
The unit of measurement is the number of persons who die in the reference period
- 4.1Unit of measure
- 5Reference period
- 5.1Reference period
The data refer to the calendar year covered by the statistics, regardless of whether the data are published by month of occurrence of the deaths
Data referred to the period: Anual A: 2023
- 5.1Reference period
- 6Institutional mandate
- 6.1Legal acts and other agreements
The compilation and dissemination of the data are governed by the Statistical Law No. 12/1989 "Public Statistical Function" of May 9, 1989, and Law No. 4/1990 of June 29 on “National Budget of State for the year 1990" amended by Law No. 13/1996 "Fiscal, administrative and social measures" of December 30, 1996, makes compulsory all statistics included in the National Statistics Plan. The National Statistical Plan 2009-2012 was approved by the Royal Decree 1663/2008. It contains the statistics that must be developed in the four year period by the State General Administration's services or any other entity dependent on it. All statistics included in the National Statistics Plan are statistics for state purposes and are obligatory. The National Statistics Plan 2021-2024, approved by Royal Decree 1110/2020, of 15 December, is the Plan currently implemented. This statistical operation has governmental purposes, and it is included in the National Statistics Plan 2021-2024. (Statistics of the State Administration).
There are collaboration agreements with the Autonomous Communities for the preparation of the Vital Statistics
- 6.2Data sharing
The exchanges of information needed to elaborate statistics between the INE and the rest of the State statistical offices (Ministerial Departments, independent bodies and administrative bodies depending on the State General Administration), or between these offices and the Autonomic statistical offices, are regulated in the LFEP (Law of the Public Statistic Function). This law also regulates the mechanisms of statistical coordination, and concludes cooperation agreements between the different offices when necessary.
It is carried out in collaboration with the Autonomous Communities
- 6.1Legal acts and other agreements
- 7Confidentiality
- 7.1Confidentiality - policy
The Statistical Law No. 12/1989 specifies that the INE cannot publish, or make otherwise available, individual data or statistics that would enable the identification of data for any individual person or entity. Regulation (EC) No 223/2009 on European statistics stipulates the need to establish common principles and guidelines ensuring the confidentiality of data used for the production of European statistics and the access to those confidential data with due account for technical developments and the requirements of users in a democratic society
- 7.2Confidentiality - data treatment
INE provides information on the protection of confidentiality at all stages of the statistical process: INE questionnaires for the operations in the national statistical plan include a legal clause protecting data under statistical confidentiality. Notices prior to data collection announcing a statistical operation notify respondents that data are subject to statistical confidentiality at all stages. For data processing, INE employees have available the INE data protection handbook, which specifies the steps that should be taken at each stage of processing to ensure reporting units' individual data are protected. The microdata files provided to users are anonymised.
.
- 7.1Confidentiality - policy
- 8Release policy
- 8.1Release calendar
The advance release calendar that shows the precise release dates for the coming year is disseminated in the last quarter of each year.
- 8.2Release calendar access
The calendar is disseminated on the INEs Internet website (Publications Calendar)
- 8.3User access
The data are released simultaneously according to the advance release calendar to all interested parties by issuing the press release. At the same time, the data are posted on the INE's Internet website (www.ine.es/en) almost immediately after the press release is issued. Also some predefined tailor-made requests are sent to registered users. Some users could receive partial information under embargo as it is publicly described in the European Statistics Code of Practice
- 8.1Release calendar
- 9Frequency of dissemination
- 9.1Frequency of dissemination
The definitive results corresponding to year t are published during the last quarter of year t+1, along with the micro-data files from which they are obtained.
The advanced results are disseminated on a monthly basis by means of the following statistical operation:
• Estimated number of weekly deaths
- 9.1Frequency of dissemination
- 10Accessibility and clarity
- 10.1News release
The results of the statistical operations are normally disseminated by using press releases that can be accessed via both the corresponding menu and the Press Releases Section in the web
- 10.2Publications
The results of this statistic are disseminated through the INE website and some results are included in publications such as the Statistical Yearbook, INE Figures, Spain in Figures, etc.
- 10.3On-line database
INEbase is the system the INE uses to store statistical information on the Internet. It contains all the information the INE produces in electronic formats. The primary organisation of the information follows the theme-based classification of the Inventory of Statistical Operations of the State General Administration . The basic unit of INEbase is the statistical operation, defined as the set of activities that lead to obtaining statistical results on a determined sector or subject based on the individually collected data. Also included in the scope of this definition are synthesis preparation.
All the information related to this statistic (results, methodology, questionnaires, etc.) can be consulted at
Informgation related to Weekly death estimates can be found at:
Final data contain detailed tables for the different variables included in the Medical Death Certificate-Statistical Death Bulletin.
All the information regarding the Basic Demographic Indicators in general can be consulted at:
Final data on mortality indicators provide information at the national, Autonomous Community and province levels with greater disaggregation of variables.
- 10.4Micro-data access
A lot of statistical operations disseminate public domain anonymized files, available free of charge for downloading in the INE website Microdata Section
The microdata files of this statistic can be accessed and downloaded. These files are made anonymous to preserve statistical secrecy.
No information is provided for the following variables:
- Name, surname, identification document, address of the deceased person
- Registration data of the death in the civil registry
- Variable day on all dates
- Codes of municipalities with less than 10,000 inhabitants. The size of the municipalities is provided
- Codes of countries with a lower frequency than that established
- Causes of death
The information can be consulted at:
- 10.5Other
Interested users can request, through the INE User Service Area, specific operations of information that are carried out preserving the confidentiality of the data and signing the corresponding agreement or document.
See:
- 10.6Documentation on methodology
A detailed description is available at:
https://www.ine.es/en/metodologia/t20/t2030301_en.pdf
https://www.ine.es/en/metodologia/t20/metodologia_idb_en.pdf
- 10.7Quality documentation
Fields 10.6 to 17 of this document are considered the user-oriented quality report for this operation
- 10.1News release
- 11Quality management
- 11.1Quality assurance
Quality assurance framework for the INE statistics is based on the ESSCoP, the European Statistics Code of Practice made by EUROSTAT. The ESSCoP is made up of 16 principles, gathered in three areas: Institutional Environment, Processes and Products. Each principle is associated with some indicators which make possible to measure it. In order to evaluate quality, EUROSTAT provides different tools: the indicators mentioned above, Self-assessment based on the DESAP model, peer review, user satisfaction surveys and other proceedings for evaluation.
On 1 January 2009 a series of reforms came into force in the collection of information on death statistics as well as death statistics according to cause of death. Several changes have been made, both in the forms and in the information circuit.
The objectives have been the following:
1.- To improve the quality of information in general and in particular of the causes of death, adapting the method of collecting these variables to the recommendations of the WHO and Eurostat. To this end, two documents have been unified in which the information was collected: the medical death certificate (MDC) and the statistical death bulletin (SDB). Both requested duplicate identification information and, in addition, the doctor had to fill in the causes of death in both of them. This double effort was not always carried out by the certifying doctor, and the SDB was completed by another person from the MDC information, with the consequent loss of quality of the information.
2.- The coverage control is carried out in the Provincial Delegations of the INE from cross-checking the correlative registration volume and page. It is also compared with the computerised part of the Civil Registry.
3.- To adapt the collection of information to the new technologies of Information and Communication. To this end, it has been implemented optical character recognition (OCR) to perform the recording of information and the new MDC/SDB has been designed for the same purpose.
In order to evaluate the quality of the information contained in the medical death certificate/statistical death bulletin as well as in the judicial death statistical bulletin, exhaustive controls are carried out in all phases of the statistics process from the recording of the information to its publication.
Particular emphasis is placed on checking that the values of the variables are valid, that there are no inconsistencies between the information we receive in a single death and that we receive all deaths occurred in Spain in the reference period of the data
Likewise, the INE information is compared with that provided by the Ministry of Justice for registrations made in computerised civil registers. This comparison allows us to correct the errors detected.
- 11.2Quality assessment
The errors and non-response detected in the variables included in the medical death certificate/statistical death bulletin are cleaned with the information provided by the Ministry of Justice corresponding to death registrations made in computerised civil registers. This information is accessible in all INE provincial delegations at the time of recording the information in the statistical bulletins. This allows for cleaning and detecting possible lack of coverage with considerable time savings, while minimizing non-response.
- 11.1Quality assurance
- 12Relevance
- 12.1User needs
Information on deaths is used by other INE units, such as:
Electoral Census, to deregister the deceased persons
Municipal Register. The death files serve as a basis for the City Councils to update their Municipal Register of Inhabitants by removing the deceased persons
Health Statistics, for the preparation of the Death Statistics according to cause of death
Demographic Indicators, for the preparation of the mortality and life expectancy tables
Demographic projections, for the calculation of the figures of the future populationNational bodies
Based on the RESOLUTION of 7 February 2005, of the Under-Secretary, which provides for the publication of the management delegation of the Secretary of State for Justice to the National Statistics Institute in matters of transmission of computerised data relating to the registration of births, marriages and deaths carried out in the Civil Registries, the Secretary of State for Justice and the National Statistics Institute have signed, on 13 October 2004, an Agreement entrusting the latter, on a transitory basis, until the
conclusion of the computerisation process of all the Civil Registers, the transmission of computerised data relating to the registration of births, marriages and deaths carried out in the Civil Registries. The National Statistics Institute, at the request of the Directorate General of Registries and Notaries, may facilitate
massive transmission of public interest data to public bodies interested in them.
International OrganisationsEUROSTAT and the United Nations. The information agreed in the meetings of the working groups on demographic statistics is submitted
Requests from universities, hospital research groups, companies and individuals
Universities and researchers request death information for disease studies
Insurance companies use death information as the basis for calculating the policy quote period
- 12.2User satisfaction
The INE has carried out general user satisfaction surveys in 2007, 2010, 2013, 2016 and 2019 and it plans to continue doing so every three years. The purpose of these surveys is to find out what users think about the quality of the information of the INE statistics and the extent to which their needs of information are covered. In addition, additional surveys are carried out in order to acknowledge better other fields such as dissemination of the information, quality of some publications...
On the INE website, in its section Methods and Projects / Quality and Code of Practice / INE quality management / User surveys are available surveys conducted to date.(Click next link)
- 12.3Completeness
The information required is made available to users, respecting the confidentiality of the information. The modification of the content of the questionnaire carried out in 2009 took into account the needs for additional information required by other bodies and institutions.
The information collected allows us to deal with all the requests received.
100% of the results requested by the National Statistical Plan are provided
Data completeness rate is 100%
- 12.1User needs
- 13Accuracy and reliability
- 13.1Overall accuracy
The collection procedure, coverage control, cleaning of errors and imputation of non-response, allows to obtain a high degree of reliability of the statistics.
- 13.2Sampling error
It is not applicable because the data are obtained comprehensively from an administrative source (entries in the civil register)
- 13.3Non-sampling error
Delays in the submission of information by some civil registries and lack of information in some variables of the bulletin. This results in a non-response rate of approximately 0.1 percent
An attempt is made to reduce the non-response rate by obtaining information from the Ministry of Justice file
- 13.1Overall accuracy
- 14Timeliness and punctuality
- 14.1Timeliness
The final statistics data are published at the end of the year following the reference year of the information, that is, within 12 months.
- 14.2Punctuality
Data dissemination is carried out in accordance with the structural statistics availability calendar that the INE prepares and publishes for each year.
- 14.1Timeliness
- 15Coherence and Comparability
- 15.1Comparability - geographical
The processing of this statistic in all its phases is the same for the entire territory. In this way, the results are perfectly comparable for any geographical disaggregation. Likewise, they are comparable with the rest of the European Union countries as they follow the Eurostat recommendations established for all countries and agreed in the meetings of the Demographic Statistics working group
- 15.2Comparability - over time
The statistical concept of death used traditionally in Spain included all those who died with more than 24 hours of life. As of 1975, this concept has been expanded with the incorporation of those born alive and deceased during the first 24 hours of life. This change implies the adaptation of the death criterion recommended by international organisations.
This change led to a break in the series of deaths from 1975 onwards, since before 1975 the death figures do not include those born alive who died before the first 24 hours of life, and from 1975 onwards it does
The length of the comparable data series is 48 years
CC2=48 años
- 15.3Coherence - cross domain
The death figures are consistent with both the census figures and with future population projections
- 15.4Coherence - internal
The consistency between variables is contrasted in all phases of the statistical process.
- 15.1Comparability - geographical
- 16Cost and burden
- 16.1Cost and burden
In order for doctors who certify a death not to have to complete the medical death certificate and, in addition, the death statistics bulletin, in 2009 the questionnaire was modified to collect information from this statistic by designing a unique model called the medical death certificate/statistical death bulletin in which all the information required in both documents is collected.
As it is a statistic based on an administrative register, it does not involve a burden for the respondents
The estimated budget appropriation necessary to finance the Vital Statistics (made up of the Death Statistics, the Birth Statistics, the Marriage Statistics) foreseen in the 2023 Annual Programme is 4,190.95 thousand euros
- 16.1Cost and burden
- 17Data revision
- 17.1Data revision - policy
The INE of Spain has a policy which regulates the basic aspects of statistical data revision, seeking to ensure process transparency and product quality. This policy is laid out in the document approved by the INE board of directors on 13 March of 2015, which is available on the INE website, in the section "Methods and projects/Quality and Code of Practice/INE’s Quality management/INE’s Revision policy" (link).
This general policy sets the criteria that the different type of revisions should follow: routine revision- it is the case of statistics whose production process includes regular revisions-; more extensive revision- when methodological or basic reference source changes take place-; and exceptional revision- for instance, when an error appears in a published statistic-.
Final data are not reviewed. They are only reviewed if there is an error in the publication
- 17.2Data revision - practice
- 17.1Data revision - policy
- 18Statistical processing
- 18.1Source data
The statistics data are obtained from the information filled in by doctors, courts, family members and the Civil Registry at the time of a death. Two models of questionnaires have been designed
1.-Medical Death Certificate/Statistical Death Bulletin for deaths in which there are no special circumstances
2.- In the case of deaths in which, due to their circumstances, a court must intervene, the information is collected in a in a web application.
The information contained in both documents is practically the same. Information is obtained from the personal data of the deceased person, the place of death, the causes of death, the circumstances of the death in the case of deaths with judicial intervention, the registration in the Civil Registry
- 18.2Frequency of data collection
Data collection is carried out monthly.
- 18.3Data collection
Information is obtained through the following data collection tools:
– In the case of death by natural causes, the collection tool is:
The Medical Certificate of Death/Statistical Death Bulletin (CMD/BED, per its Spanish initials): there are versions in Spanish and in the co-official languages as
well. The first sheet corresponds to the medical death certificate and must always be completed by the doctor certifying the death, while the Statistical Deaths
Bulletin can be completed by the reporting party or, failing that, by the Civil Register.
This paper document is delivered to the Civil Registry of the municipality where the death took place. On a monthly basis, the CMD/BEDs are sent from the civil
registries to the corresponding INE provincial office. At said office, it is scanned and processed.As a consequence of the Vital Statistics modernisation process, from 2009 onwards, recording techniques using optical character recognition were
incorporated into the CMD/BED.
– In the case of violent deaths, or suspected criminal deaths, the collection tools used are:
The Statistical Deaths Bulletin with Judicial Intervention is filled out in a web application designed by the INE, which the courts can access through the Punto
Neutro Judicial (inter-agency communication network). From 2020 onwards, deaths involving judicial investigation are mainly recorded by the Institutes of Forensic Medicine and Forensic Sciences through an application designed by the INE. - 18.4Data validation
In the initial phase of the statistics, its recording by means of optical character recognition, the application includes the detection of certain errors in the MDC/SDB information as well as the control of coverage and the detection of duplicated information. These errors have to be corrected in this first phase in order to include their information in the death database. The objective is to obtain levels of quality that make the process of cleaning and imputation of the subsequent processing phases faster and less costly.
- 18.5Data compilation
A cleaning of the recorded data at national level is carried out in order to detect inconsistencies, duplicates, lack of information, etc. The result of this process is subjected to an automatic imputation phase for variables with missing or inconsistent information. Once this phase has been completed, the microdata files of the statistics are obtained from which we obtain the tables of the publication of both deaths and the corresponding mortality indicators. Likewise, the anonymised microdata files are obtained and made available to users on the web
- 18.6Adjustment
No adjustments are made, as the data from this statistic is derived from an administrative record
- 18.1Source data
- 19Comment
- 19.1Comment
- 19.1Comment